The Hongqiling large nickel-copper-cobalt deposit(hereafter referred to as the Hongqiling deposit),a typical mafic-ultramafic copper-nickel deposit in China,boasts proven Ni(Ni)resources of approximately 22×10^(4...The Hongqiling large nickel-copper-cobalt deposit(hereafter referred to as the Hongqiling deposit),a typical mafic-ultramafic copper-nickel deposit in China,boasts proven Ni(Ni)resources of approximately 22×10^(4)t,associated copper resources of 2×10^(4)t,and associated cobalt(Co)resources of 0.5×10^(4)t,with Ni reserves ranking 10th among China's magmatic nickel deposits.Geotectonically,the Hongqiling deposit is situated in the superimposed zone between the Xing'an-Mongolian orogenic belt and the circum-Western Pacific's active continental margin belt.Its ore-bearing plutons occur within the metamorphic rocks of the Ordovician Hulan Group,with the emplacement of plutons and the locations of orebodies governed by the deep-seated Huifahe fault and its secondary NW-trending Fujia-Hejiagou-Beixinglong-Changsheng fault zone.In the deposit,the rock assemblages of ore-bearing plutons predominantly encompass gabbro-pyroxenite-olivine pyroxenite-pyroxene peridotite(pluton No.1)and norite-orthopyroxenite-harzburgite(pluton No.7),with ore-bearing lithofacies consisting primarily of olivine pyroxenite and pyroxenite facies.The Hongqiling deposit hosts stratoid,overhanging lentoid,veined,and pure-sulfide veined orebodies.Its ores principally contain metallic minerals including pyrrhotite,pentlandite,chalcopyrite,violarite,and pyrite.Despite unidentified magma sources of ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic rocks,it is roughly accepted that the magmatic evolution in the Hongqiling deposit primarily involved fractional crystallization and crustal contamination.The ore-forming materials were primarily derived from the upper mantle,mixed with minor crustal materials.The ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic rocks in the deposit,primarily emplaced during the Indosinian(208-239 Ma),were formed in an intense extension setting followed by the collisional orogeny between the North China Plate and the Songnen-Zhangguangcai Range Block during the Middle-Late Triassic.From the perspective of the metallogenic geological setting,surrounding rocks,ore-controlling structures,and rock assemblages,this study identified one favorable condition and seven significant indicators for prospecting for Hongqiling-type nickel deposits and developed a prospecting model of the Hongqiling deposit.These serve as valuable references for exploring similar nickel deposits in the region,as well as the deep parts and margins of the Hongqiling deposit.展开更多
Zn based electrochemical energy storage systems(EES)have attracted tremendous interests owing to their low cost and high intrinsic safety.Nevertheless,the uncontrolled growth of Zn dendrites and the side reactions of ...Zn based electrochemical energy storage systems(EES)have attracted tremendous interests owing to their low cost and high intrinsic safety.Nevertheless,the uncontrolled growth of Zn dendrites and the side reactions of Zn metal anodes(ZMAs)severely restrict their applications.To address these issues,we design the asymmetric Zn-N_(4) atomic sites embedded hollow fibers(AS-IHF)as the flexible host for stable ZMAs.Through introducing different nitrogen resources in the synthesis,two kinds of coordination,i,e.Zn-N(pyridinic)and Zn-N(pyrrolic),are introduced in the Zn-N_(4) atomic module synchronously.The asymmetric Zn-N_(4) module with regulated micro-environment facilitates the superior zincophilic features and promotes the Zn adsorption.Meanwhile,the highly porous structure of the hollow fiber effectively reduces local current density,homogenize Zn ion flux,and alleviate structure stress.All the advantages endow the high efficiency and good stability for Zn plating/stripping.Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate the high reversibility,low nucleation overpotential,and dendritefree behavior of the AS-IHF@Zn anode,which afford the high stability in high-rate and long-term cycling.Moreover,the solid-state Zn-ion hybrid capacitor(ZIHC)based on AS-IHF@Zn anode shows the high flexibility,reliability,and superior long-term cycling capability in a wide-range of temperatures(-20-25℃).Therefore,the present work not only gives a new strategy for modulating local environments of single atomic sites,but also propels the development of flexible power sources for diverse electronics.展开更多
Dynamic changes in gut dysbiosis and metabolomic dysregulation are associated with immune-complex glomerulonephritis(ICGN).However,an in-depth study on this topic is currently lacking.Herein,we report an ICGN model to...Dynamic changes in gut dysbiosis and metabolomic dysregulation are associated with immune-complex glomerulonephritis(ICGN).However,an in-depth study on this topic is currently lacking.Herein,we report an ICGN model to address this gap.ICGN was induced via the intravenous injection of cationized bovine serum albumin(c-BSA)into Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats for two weeks,after which mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)and losartan were administered orally.Two and six weeks after ICGN establishment,fecal samples were collected and 16S ribosomal DNA(rDNA)sequencing and untargeted metabolomic were conducted.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)was conducted to determine whether gut normali-zation caused by MMF and losartan contributed to their renal protective effects.A gradual decline in microbial diversity and richness was accompanied by a loss of renal function.Approximately 18 genera were found to have significantly different relative abundances between the early and later stages,and Marvinbryantia and Allobaculum were markedly upregulated in both stages.Untargeted metabolomics indicated that the tryptophan metabolism was enhanced in ICGN,characterized by the overproduction of indole and kynurenic acid,while the serotonin pathway was reduced.Administration of losartan and MMF ameliorated microbial dysbiosis and reduced the accumulation of indoxyl conjugates in feces.FMT using feces from animals administered MMF and losartan improved gut dysbiosis by decreasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes(F/B)ratio but did not improve renal function.These findings indicate that ICGN induces serous gut dysbiosis,wherein an altered tryptophan metabolism may contribute to its pro-gression.MMF and losartan significantly reversed the gut microbial and metabolomic dysbiosis,which partially contributed to their renoprotective effects.展开更多
Cyanobacteria-based activated carbon(CBAC)was successfully prepared by pyrolysis-activation of Taihu cyanobacteria.When the impregnation ratio and activated temperature were 2 and 800-C,respectively,the optimal CBACs ...Cyanobacteria-based activated carbon(CBAC)was successfully prepared by pyrolysis-activation of Taihu cyanobacteria.When the impregnation ratio and activated temperature were 2 and 800-C,respectively,the optimal CBACs possessed an ultra-high specific surface(2178.90 m^(2)·g^(-1))and plenty of micro-and meso-pores,as well as a high pore volume(1.01 cm^(3)·g^(-1)).Ascribed to ultra-high surface area,π-π interaction,electrostatic interaction,as well as hydrogen-bonding interactions,the CBACs displayed huge superiority in efficient dye removal.The saturated methylene blue adsorption capacity by CBACs could be as high as 1143.4 mg·g^(-1),superior to that of other reported biomass-activated carbons.The adsorption was endothermic and modeled well by the pseudo-second-order kinetic,intra-particle diffusion,and Langmuir models.This work presented the effectiveness of Taihu cyanobacteria adsorbent ascribed to its super large specific surface area and high adsorption ability.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pancreatic adenocarcinoma,a malignancy that arises in the cells of the pancreas,is a devastating disease with unclear etiology and often poor prognosis.Locally advanced pancreatic cancer,a stage where the t...BACKGROUND Pancreatic adenocarcinoma,a malignancy that arises in the cells of the pancreas,is a devastating disease with unclear etiology and often poor prognosis.Locally advanced pancreatic cancer,a stage where the tumor has grown significantly but has not yet spread to distant organs,presents unique challenges in treatment.This article aims to discuss the current strategies,challenges,and future directions in the management of locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma(LAPC).AIM To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of programmed cell death 1(PD-1)inhibitor sintilimab plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy for LAPC.METHODS Eligible patients had LAPC,an Eastern cooperative oncology group performance status of 0 or 1,adequate organ and marrow functions,and no prior anticancer therapy.In the observation group,participants received intravenous sintilimab 200 mg once every 3 wk,and received concurrent chemoradiotherapy(concurrent conventional fractionated radiotherapy with doses planning target volume 50.4 Gy and gross tumor volume 60 Gy in 28 fractions and oral S-140 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1-14 of a 21-d cycle and intravenous gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 of a 21-d cycle for eight cycles until disease progression,death,or unacceptable toxicity).In the control group,participants only received concurrent chemoradiotherapy.From April 2020 to November 2021,64 participants were finally enrolled with 34 in the observation group and 30 in the control group.RESULTS Thirty-four patients completed the scheduled course of chemoradiotherapy,while 32(94.1%)received sintilimab plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy with 2 patients discontinuing sintilimab in the observation group.Thirty patients completed the scheduled course of chemoradiotherapy in the control group.Based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors guidelines,the analysis of the observation group revealed that a partial response was observed in 11 patients(32.4%),stable disease was evident in 19 patients(55.9%),and 4 patients(11.8%)experienced progressive disease;a partial response was observed in 6(20.0%)patients,stable disease in 18(60%),and progressive disease in 6(20%)in the control group.The major toxic effects were leukopenia and nausea.The incidence of severe adverse events(AEs)(grade 3 or 4)was 26.5%(9/34)in the observation group and 23.3%(7/30)in the control group.There were no treatment-related deaths.The observation group demonstrated a significantly longer median overall survival(22.1 mo compared to 15.8 mo)(P<0.05)and progression-free survival(12.2 mo vs 10.1 mo)(P<0.05)in comparison to the control group.The occurrence of severe AEs did not exhibit a statistically significant difference between the observation group and the control group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Sintilimab plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy was effective and safe for LAPC patients,and warrants further investigation.展开更多
The time domain harmonic balance method is an attractive reduced order method of analyzing unsteady flow for turbomachines. However, the method can admit non-physical solutions. Non-physical solutions were encountered...The time domain harmonic balance method is an attractive reduced order method of analyzing unsteady flow for turbomachines. However, the method can admit non-physical solutions. Non-physical solutions were encountered from a three-blade-row compressor configuration in a time domain harmonic balance analysis. This paper aims to investigate the root cause of the non-physical solutions. The investigation involves several strategies, which include increasing the number of harmonics, increasing the number of time instants, including scattered modes,including the rotor-rotor interaction, and the use of a new method-the approximate time domain nonlinear harmonic method. Numerical analyses pertinent to each strategy are presented to reveal the root cause of the non-physical solution. It is found that the nonlinear interaction of unsteady flow components with different fundamental frequencies is the cause of the non-physical solution. The non-physical solution can be eliminated by incorporating extra scattered modes or using the approximate time domain nonlinear harmonic method.展开更多
Sensor scheduling is essential to collaborative target tracking in wireless sensor networks （WSNs）. In the existing works for target tracking in WSNs, such as the information-driven sensor query （IDSQ）, the taskin...Sensor scheduling is essential to collaborative target tracking in wireless sensor networks （WSNs）. In the existing works for target tracking in WSNs, such as the information-driven sensor query （IDSQ）, the tasking sensors are scheduled to maximize the information gain while minimizing the resource cost based on the uniform sampling intervals, ignoring the changing of the target dynamics and the specific desirable tracking goals. This paper proposes a novel energy-efficient adaptive sensor scheduling approach that jointly selects tasking sensors and determines their associated sampling intervals according to the predicted tracking accuracy and tracking energy cost. At each time step, the sensors are scheduled in alternative tracking mode, namely, the fast tracking mode with smallest sampling interval or the tracking maintenance mode with larger sampling interval, according to a specified tracking error threshold. The approach employs an extended Kalman filter （EKF）-based estimation technique to predict the tracking accuracy and adopts an energy consumption model to predict the energy cost. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared to a non-adaptive sensor scheduling approach, the proposed approach can save energy cost significantly without degrading the tracking accuracy.展开更多
Pancreatic cancer is a malignant disease characterized by low survival and high recurrence rate,whose patients are mostly at the stage of locally advanced or metastatic disease when first diagnosed.Early diagnosis is ...Pancreatic cancer is a malignant disease characterized by low survival and high recurrence rate,whose patients are mostly at the stage of locally advanced or metastatic disease when first diagnosed.Early diagnosis is particularly important because prognostic/predictive markers help guide optimal individualized treatment regimens.So far,CA19-9 is the only biomarker for pancreatic cancer approved by the FDA,but its effectiveness is limited by low sensitivity and specificity.With recent advances in genomics,proteomics,metabolomics,and other analytical and sequencing technologies,the rapid acquisition and screening of biomarkers is now possible.Liquid biopsy also occupies a significant place due to its unique advantages.In this review,we systematically describe and evaluate the available biomarkers that have the greatest potential as vital tools in diagnosing and treating pancreatic cancer.展开更多
The electronic and functional synergies between the twin metal centers make dual single-atom catalysts(DACs) attractive for oxygen electrocatalysis. The catalytic activities of DACs are largely decided by their surrou...The electronic and functional synergies between the twin metal centers make dual single-atom catalysts(DACs) attractive for oxygen electrocatalysis. The catalytic activities of DACs are largely decided by their surrounding micro-environment and supporting substrates. Modulating the micro-environment as well as engineering the efficient support is challenging tasks. Moreover, both are critical to optimizing the performance of DACs. Herein, a novel bio-cooperative strategy is developed to synthesize Fe Ni-DAC wherein Fe-Ni dual-atom sites are embedded in the N, P codoped tyre shaped carbon matrix. The configuration matching of Fe-Ni dual centers together with the local electronic engineering of N, P heteroatoms synergistically boost the catalytic activity on the oxygen reaction. Furthermore, the central-hollow highlyporous carbon matrix not only gives rise to a large amount of active sites, but also facilitates fast kinetics.Taking advantage of both the DAC and the substrate, the Fe Ni-NPC hollow tyre(HT) catalyst scores high in both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, which exhibits the narrow potential difference and excellent durability. The aqueous Zn-air full battery(ZAB) integrating the Fe Ni-NPC HT air cathode has a high power density and a good stability over long-term cycling. Moreover, the flexible solid-state ZAB assembled with the polymer electrolyte obtains the high reliability over a wide range of temperatures or under diverse outside deformations. Therefore, this work offers a new green approach to prepare highly efficient DACs with built-in modulated micro-environment and tailor-made substrates. Moreover,it also paves a new way to develop highly-pliable power source for flexible electronics.展开更多
Compact torus(CT)injection is a highly promising technique for the central fueling of future reactor-grade fusion devices since it features extremely high injection velocity and relatively high plasma mass.Recently,a ...Compact torus(CT)injection is a highly promising technique for the central fueling of future reactor-grade fusion devices since it features extremely high injection velocity and relatively high plasma mass.Recently,a CT injector for the EAST tokamak,EAST-CTI,was developed and platform-tested.In the first round of experiments conducted with low parameter settings,the maximum velocity and mass of the CT plasma were 150 km·s^(-1)and 90μg,respectively.However,the parameters obtained by EAST-CTI were still very low and were far from the requirements of a device such as EAST that has a strong magnetic field.In future,we plan to solve the spark problem that EAST-CTI currently encounters(that mainly hinders the further development of experiments)through engineering methods,and use greater power to obtain a more stable and suitable CT plasma for EAST.展开更多
Tin sulfide(SnS_(2))with high theoretical capacity and layered structure is a promising anode candidate for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).However,the sluggish kinetics,huge volume expansion and polysulfide intermediat...Tin sulfide(SnS_(2))with high theoretical capacity and layered structure is a promising anode candidate for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).However,the sluggish kinetics,huge volume expansion and polysulfide intermediates dissolution restrict its development.To address these issues,a necklace-like hybrid fiber with core–shell beads is designed to achieve the high-performance anode for PIBs.The cores of the beads are assembly by SnS_(2)nanocrystals dotted in N,S codoped carbon(NSC)matrix.Then they are encapsulated by NSC based shell and form the core–shell structured beads internal the hybrid fiber(CSN fiber).The carbon matrix of SnS_(2)@NSC CSN fiber gives fast ion/electron pathways and facilitates to decrease particle aggregation.Meanwhile,N,S codpants favor to trap the polysulfides intermediates and alleviate the sulfur loss during cycling.Moreover,the voids internal the beads further provide the high accommodation to volume change.Taken all above advantages,the SnS_(2)@NSC CSN fiber achieves the excellent high rate capability and ultrastable cycling property,which obtains a low capacity decay rate of 0.013%after 2000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1).Moreover,its good mechanical characteristics ensure the fabrication of the flexible PIB full cell,which achieves the high pliability,superior power/energy density and high reliability in diverse working conditions.Therefore,this work not only gives a new clue to design the highperformance electrode for potassium storage,but also propels the applications of PIBs for diverse electronics.展开更多
Prunus pusilliflora is a wild cherry germplasm resource distributed mainly in Southwest China.Despite its ornamental and economic value,a high-quality assembled P.pusilliflora genome is unavailable,hindering our under...Prunus pusilliflora is a wild cherry germplasm resource distributed mainly in Southwest China.Despite its ornamental and economic value,a high-quality assembled P.pusilliflora genome is unavailable,hindering our understanding of its genetic background,population diversity,and evolutionary processes.Here,we de novo assembled a chromosome-scale P.pusilliflora genome using Oxford Nanopore,Illumina,and chromosome conformation capture sequencing.The assembled genome size was 309.62 Mb,with 76 scaffolds anchored to eight pseudochromosomes.We predicted 33035 protein-coding genes,functionally annotated 98.27%of them,and identified repetitive sequences covering 49.08%of the genome.We found that P.pusilliflora is closely related to Prunus serrulata and Prunus yedoensis,having diverged from them∼41.8 million years ago.A comparative genomic analysis revealed that P.pusilliflora has 643 expanded and 1128 contracted gene families.Furthermore,we found that P.pusilliflora is more resistant to Colletotrichum viniferum,Phytophthora capsici,and Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato(Pst)DC3000 infections than cultivated Prunus avium.P.pusilliflora also has considerably more nucleotide-binding site-type resistance gene analogs than P.avium,which explains its stronger disease resistance.The cytochrome P450 and WRKY families of 263 and 61 proteins were divided into 42 and 8 subfamilies respectively in P.pusilliflora.Furthermore,81 MADS-box genes were identified in P.pusilliflora,accompanying expansions of the SVP and AGL15 subfamilies and loss of the TM3 subfamily.Our assembly of a high-quality P.pusilliflora genome will be valuable for further research on cherries and molecular breeding.展开更多
The Daheishan supergiant porphyry molybdenum deposit(also referred to as the Daheishan deposit)is the second largest molybdenum deposit in Asia and ranks fifth among the top seven molybdenum deposits globally with tot...The Daheishan supergiant porphyry molybdenum deposit(also referred to as the Daheishan deposit)is the second largest molybdenum deposit in Asia and ranks fifth among the top seven molybdenum deposits globally with total molybdenum reserves of 1.65 billion tons,an average molybdenum ore grade of 0.081%,and molybdenum resources of 1.09 million tons.The main ore body is housed in the granodiorite porphyry plutons and their surrounding inequigranular granodiorite plutons,with high-grade ores largely located in the ore-bearing granodiorite porphyries in the middle-upper part of the porphyry plutons.Specifically,it appears as an ore pipe with a large upper part and a small lower part,measuring about 1700 m in length and width,extending for about 500 m vertically,and covering an area of 2.3 km^(2).Mineralogically,the main ore body consists of molybdenite,chalcopyrite,and sphalerite horizontally from its center outward and exhibits molybdenite,azurite,and pyrite vertically from top to bottom.The primary ore minerals include pyrite and molybdenite,and the secondary ore minerals include sphalerite,chalcopyrite,tetrahedrite,and scheelite,with average grades of molybdenum,copper,sulfur,gallium,and rhenium being 0.081%,0.033%,1.67%,0.001%,and 0.0012%,respectively.The ore-forming fluids of the Daheishan deposit originated as the CO_(2)-H_(2)O-NaCl multiphase magmatic fluid system,rich in CO_(2)and bearing minor amounts of CH4,N2,and H2S,and later mixed with meteoric precipitation.In various mineralization stages,the ore-forming fluids had homogenization temperatures of>420℃‒400℃,360℃‒350℃,340℃‒230℃,220℃‒210℃,and 180℃‒160℃and salinities of>41.05%‒9.8%NaCleqv,38.16%‒4.48%NaCleqv,35.78%‒4.49%NaCleqv,7.43%NaCleqv,and 7.8%‒9.5%NaCleqv,respectively.The mineralization of the Daheishan deposit occurred at 186‒167 Ma.The granites closely related to the mineralization include granodiorites(granodiorite porphyries)and monzogranites(monzogranite porphyries),which were mineralized after magmatic evolution(189‒167 Ma).Moreover,these mineralization-related granites exhibit low initial strontium content and high initial neodymium content,indicating that these granites underwent crust-mantle mixing.The Daheishan deposit formed during the Early-Middle Jurassic,during which basaltic magma underplating induced the lower-crust melting,leading to the formation of magma chambers.After the fractional crystallization of magmas,ore-bearing fluids formed.As the temperature and pressure decreased,the ore-bearing fluids boiled drops while ascending,leading to massive unloading of metal elements.Consequently,brecciated and veinlet-disseminated ore bodies formed.展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by frequently mutating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has had a worldwide impact.However,detailed data on the potential aerosol transmi...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by frequently mutating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has had a worldwide impact.However,detailed data on the potential aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in real-world and controlled laboratory settings remain sparse.During the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai,China in 2022,samples were collected in a Fangcang shelter hospital,a large-scale temporary hospital rapidly built by converting the existing National Exhibition and Convention Center(Shanghai)into a health care facility.Aerosol samples at different sites and intervals around patients and in public areas,surface samples,and pharyngeal swab samples from corresponding patients were included.Samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)assays,followed by sequencing if the cycle threshold(Ct)value was<30.The positivity rate for SARS-CoV-2 in aerosol samples was high in contaminated zones(37.5%,104/277),especially around the bed(41.2%,68/165)and near ventilation inlets(45.2%,14/31).The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 around the bed,public areas,and air inlets of exhaust vents fluctuated and was closely related to the positivity rate among patients at corresponding sampling sites.Some surface samples of different personal protective equipment from medical staff had high positivity rates.Sixty sequences of joined ORF1ab and spike genes obtained from sixty samples represented two main clusters of Omicron SARS-CoV-2.There was consistency in virus sequences from the same patient and their environment,and the detected virus sequences matched those of virus strains in circulation during the collection periods,which indicated a high likelihood of cross-contamination in the Fangcang shelter hospital.In summary,the results provide a quantitative and real landscape of the aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and a patient-centered view of contamination in large and enclosed spaces and offer a useful guide for taking targeted measures to avoid nosocomial infections during the management of SARS-CoV-2 or other respiratory virus diseases in a Fangcang shelter hospital.展开更多
The reserves of the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo-Ag deposit(also referred to as the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit)ranks first among the copper deposits in China and 33rd among the porphyry copper deposits in the worl...The reserves of the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo-Ag deposit(also referred to as the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit)ranks first among the copper deposits in China and 33rd among the porphyry copper deposits in the world.It has proven resources of copper(Cu),molybdenum(Mo),gold(Au),and silver(Ag)of 2.28×10^(6)t,80×10^(3)t,73 t,and 1046 t,respectively.The major characteristics of the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit are as follows.It is located in a zone sandwiched by the Siberian,North China,and paleo-Pacific plates in an island arc tectonic setting and was formed by the Paleozoic mineralization and the Mesozoic mineralization induced by superposition and transformation.The metallogenic porphyries are the Middle Hercynian granodiorite porphyries.The alterations of surrounding rocks are distributed in a ring form.With silicified porphyries at the center,the alteration zones of K-feldspar,biotite,sericite,and propylite occur from inside to outside.This deposit is composed of 215 ore bodies(including 14 major ore bodies)in four mineralized zones.Ore body No.X in the No.3 mineralized zone has the largest resource reserves,accounting for more than 78%of the total reserves of the deposit.Major ore components include Cu,Mo,Au,Ag,Se,and Ga,which have an average content of 0.46%,0.015%,0.16 g/t,1.22 g/t,0.0003%,and 0.001%-0.003%,respectively.The ore minerals of this deposit primarily include pyrite,chalcopyrite,bornite,and molybdenite,followed by magnetite,hematite,rutile,gelenite,and sphalerite.The ore-forming fluids of this deposit were magmatic water in the early metallogenic stage and then the mixture of meteoric water and magmatic water at the late metallogenic stage.The ore-forming fluids experienced three stages.The ore-forming fluids of stageⅠhad a hydrochemical type of H_(2)O-CO_(2)-Na Cl,an ore-forming temperature of 375-650℃,and ore-forming pressure of 110-160 MPa.The ore-forming fluids of stageⅡhad a hydrochemical type of H_(2)O-CO_(2)-Na Cl,an ore-forming temperature of 310-350℃,and ore-forming pressure of 58-80 MPa.The ore-forming fluids of stageⅢhad a hydrochemical type of Na Cl-H_(2)O,an ore-forming temperature of 210-290℃,and ore-forming pressure of 5-12 MPa.The CuAu-Mo-Ag mineralization mainly occurred at stagesⅠandⅡ,with the ore-forming materials having a mixed crust-mantle source.The Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit was formed in the initial subduction environment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean Plate during the Early Ordovician.Then,due to the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and the subduction and compression of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean,a composite orogenic metallogenic model of the deposit was formed.In other words,it is a porphyry-epithermal copper-gold polymetallic mineralization system of composite orogeny consisting of Paleozoic island arcs and Mesozoic orogeny and extension.展开更多
The bulk/surface states of semiconductor photocatalysts are imperative parameters to maneuver their performance by significantly affecting the key processes of photocatalysis including light absorption,separation of c...The bulk/surface states of semiconductor photocatalysts are imperative parameters to maneuver their performance by significantly affecting the key processes of photocatalysis including light absorption,separation of charge carrier,and surface site reaction.Recent years have witnessed the encouraging progress of self-adaptive bulk/surface engineered Bi_(x)O_(y)Br_(z) for photocatalytic applications spanning various fields.However,despite the maturity of current research,the interaction between the bulk/surface state and the performance of Bi_(x)O_(y)Br_(z) has not yet been fully understood and highlighted.In this regard,a timely tutorial overview is quite urgent to summarize the most recent key progress and outline developing obstacles in this exciting area.Herein,the structural characteristics and fundamental principles of Bi_(x)O_(y)Br_(z)for driving photocatalytic reaction as well as related key issues are firstly reviewed.Then,we for the first time summarized different self-adaptive engineering processes over Bi_(x)O_(y)Br_(z)followed by a classification of the generation approaches towards diverse Bi_(x)O_(y)Br_(z)materials.The features of different strategies,the up-to-date characterization techniques to detect bulk/surface states,and the effect of bulk/surface states on improving the photoactivity of Bi_(x)O_(y)Br_(z)in expanded applications are further discussed.Finally,the present research status,challenges,and future research opportunities of self-adaptive bulk/surface engineered Bi_(x)O_(y)Br_(z)are prospected.It is anticipated that this critical review can trigger deeper investigations and attract upcoming innovative ideas on the rational design of Bi_(x)O_(y)Br_(z)-based photocatalysts.展开更多
In recent years,there are numerous studies on chaotic systems with special equilibrium curves having various shapes such as circle,butterfly,heart and apple.This paper describes a new 3-D chaotic dynamical system with...In recent years,there are numerous studies on chaotic systems with special equilibrium curves having various shapes such as circle,butterfly,heart and apple.This paper describes a new 3-D chaotic dynamical system with a capsule-shaped equilibrium curve.The proposed chaotic system has two quadratic,two cubic and two quartic nonlinear terms.It is noted that the proposed chaotic system has a hidden attractor since it has an infinite number of equilibrium points.It is also established that the proposed chaotic system exhibits multi-stability with two coexisting chaotic attractors for the same parameter values but differential initial states.A detailed bifurcation analysis with respect to variations in the system parameters is portrayed for the new chaotic system with capsule equilibrium curve.We have shown MATLAB plots to illustrate the capsule equilibrium curve,phase orbits of the new chaotic system,bifurcation diagrams and multi-stability.As an engineering application,we have proposed a speech cryptosystem with a numerical algorithm,which is based on our novel 3-D chaotic system with a capsule-shaped equilibrium curve.The proposed speech cryptosystem follows its security evolution and implementation on Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)platform.Experimental results show that the proposed encryption system utilizes 33%of the FPGA,while the maximum clock frequency is 178.28 MHz.展开更多
Background:Immunotherapy has become the fastest-adopting treatment paradigm for lung cancer with improved survival.By binding with its ligand(inducible T-cell costimulator and its ligand[ICOSL]),an inducible T-cell co...Background:Immunotherapy has become the fastest-adopting treatment paradigm for lung cancer with improved survival.By binding with its ligand(inducible T-cell costimulator and its ligand[ICOSL]),an inducible T-cell co-stimulator(ICOS)could contribute to reversing immunosuppression and improving immune response and thus be a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.Methods:We selected 54 formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from cases with stage I–III lung adenocarcinoma cancer.Immunohistochemical expression of ICOS and ICOSL was evaluated.The correlation with clinical parameters in Chinese patients was also compared with TCGA results.Results:The positive rates of ICOS and ICOSL were 68%and 81.5%,respectively,in lung tumor tissues.Of these,9 cases had a low expression of ICOS,and 22 cases had a high expression of ICOS;ICOSL expression was low in 20 cases and high in 24 cases.According to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer(8th edition),phase I lesions were detected in 21 cases,phase II lesions in 15 cases,and phase III lesions in 18 cases.The median survival time of all patients was 44.5 months,and the median disease-free survival was 32 months.Univariate analysis showed that the factors significantly associated with overall survival were tumor size,regional lymph node involvement,stage,and expression level of ICOS/ICOSL.Survival analysis using log-rank test indicated that the lower ICOS+cell infiltration may predict poor prognosis,whereas lower ICOSL protein expression may be associated with better prognosis,but ICOSL data need further validation in larger samples due to inconsistency in TCGA mRNA prediction.Conclusion:ICOS/ICOSL might be associated with prognosis of lung cancer,and ICOS and its ligand may be potential therapeutic targets in non-small cell lung cancer.展开更多
基金funded by projects of the China Geological Survey(Nos.DD20242070,DD20230763,DD20221695,DD20190379,and DD20160346)。
文摘The Hongqiling large nickel-copper-cobalt deposit(hereafter referred to as the Hongqiling deposit),a typical mafic-ultramafic copper-nickel deposit in China,boasts proven Ni(Ni)resources of approximately 22×10^(4)t,associated copper resources of 2×10^(4)t,and associated cobalt(Co)resources of 0.5×10^(4)t,with Ni reserves ranking 10th among China's magmatic nickel deposits.Geotectonically,the Hongqiling deposit is situated in the superimposed zone between the Xing'an-Mongolian orogenic belt and the circum-Western Pacific's active continental margin belt.Its ore-bearing plutons occur within the metamorphic rocks of the Ordovician Hulan Group,with the emplacement of plutons and the locations of orebodies governed by the deep-seated Huifahe fault and its secondary NW-trending Fujia-Hejiagou-Beixinglong-Changsheng fault zone.In the deposit,the rock assemblages of ore-bearing plutons predominantly encompass gabbro-pyroxenite-olivine pyroxenite-pyroxene peridotite(pluton No.1)and norite-orthopyroxenite-harzburgite(pluton No.7),with ore-bearing lithofacies consisting primarily of olivine pyroxenite and pyroxenite facies.The Hongqiling deposit hosts stratoid,overhanging lentoid,veined,and pure-sulfide veined orebodies.Its ores principally contain metallic minerals including pyrrhotite,pentlandite,chalcopyrite,violarite,and pyrite.Despite unidentified magma sources of ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic rocks,it is roughly accepted that the magmatic evolution in the Hongqiling deposit primarily involved fractional crystallization and crustal contamination.The ore-forming materials were primarily derived from the upper mantle,mixed with minor crustal materials.The ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic rocks in the deposit,primarily emplaced during the Indosinian(208-239 Ma),were formed in an intense extension setting followed by the collisional orogeny between the North China Plate and the Songnen-Zhangguangcai Range Block during the Middle-Late Triassic.From the perspective of the metallogenic geological setting,surrounding rocks,ore-controlling structures,and rock assemblages,this study identified one favorable condition and seven significant indicators for prospecting for Hongqiling-type nickel deposits and developed a prospecting model of the Hongqiling deposit.These serve as valuable references for exploring similar nickel deposits in the region,as well as the deep parts and margins of the Hongqiling deposit.
基金supported by the Innovation Foundation of Graduate Student of Harbin Normal University (No.HSDBSCX2023-3),China。
文摘Zn based electrochemical energy storage systems(EES)have attracted tremendous interests owing to their low cost and high intrinsic safety.Nevertheless,the uncontrolled growth of Zn dendrites and the side reactions of Zn metal anodes(ZMAs)severely restrict their applications.To address these issues,we design the asymmetric Zn-N_(4) atomic sites embedded hollow fibers(AS-IHF)as the flexible host for stable ZMAs.Through introducing different nitrogen resources in the synthesis,two kinds of coordination,i,e.Zn-N(pyridinic)and Zn-N(pyrrolic),are introduced in the Zn-N_(4) atomic module synchronously.The asymmetric Zn-N_(4) module with regulated micro-environment facilitates the superior zincophilic features and promotes the Zn adsorption.Meanwhile,the highly porous structure of the hollow fiber effectively reduces local current density,homogenize Zn ion flux,and alleviate structure stress.All the advantages endow the high efficiency and good stability for Zn plating/stripping.Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate the high reversibility,low nucleation overpotential,and dendritefree behavior of the AS-IHF@Zn anode,which afford the high stability in high-rate and long-term cycling.Moreover,the solid-state Zn-ion hybrid capacitor(ZIHC)based on AS-IHF@Zn anode shows the high flexibility,reliability,and superior long-term cycling capability in a wide-range of temperatures(-20-25℃).Therefore,the present work not only gives a new strategy for modulating local environments of single atomic sites,but also propels the development of flexible power sources for diverse electronics.
基金funds by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS),China(Grant No.:2022-I2M-1e014)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82293684)+1 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.:L232084)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.:2022YFA0806400).
文摘Dynamic changes in gut dysbiosis and metabolomic dysregulation are associated with immune-complex glomerulonephritis(ICGN).However,an in-depth study on this topic is currently lacking.Herein,we report an ICGN model to address this gap.ICGN was induced via the intravenous injection of cationized bovine serum albumin(c-BSA)into Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats for two weeks,after which mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)and losartan were administered orally.Two and six weeks after ICGN establishment,fecal samples were collected and 16S ribosomal DNA(rDNA)sequencing and untargeted metabolomic were conducted.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)was conducted to determine whether gut normali-zation caused by MMF and losartan contributed to their renal protective effects.A gradual decline in microbial diversity and richness was accompanied by a loss of renal function.Approximately 18 genera were found to have significantly different relative abundances between the early and later stages,and Marvinbryantia and Allobaculum were markedly upregulated in both stages.Untargeted metabolomics indicated that the tryptophan metabolism was enhanced in ICGN,characterized by the overproduction of indole and kynurenic acid,while the serotonin pathway was reduced.Administration of losartan and MMF ameliorated microbial dysbiosis and reduced the accumulation of indoxyl conjugates in feces.FMT using feces from animals administered MMF and losartan improved gut dysbiosis by decreasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes(F/B)ratio but did not improve renal function.These findings indicate that ICGN induces serous gut dysbiosis,wherein an altered tryptophan metabolism may contribute to its pro-gression.MMF and losartan significantly reversed the gut microbial and metabolomic dysbiosis,which partially contributed to their renoprotective effects.
基金financially supported by the Key Research&Development program of Zhejiang Province(2021C03196)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0128600)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY22B060011).
文摘Cyanobacteria-based activated carbon(CBAC)was successfully prepared by pyrolysis-activation of Taihu cyanobacteria.When the impregnation ratio and activated temperature were 2 and 800-C,respectively,the optimal CBACs possessed an ultra-high specific surface(2178.90 m^(2)·g^(-1))and plenty of micro-and meso-pores,as well as a high pore volume(1.01 cm^(3)·g^(-1)).Ascribed to ultra-high surface area,π-π interaction,electrostatic interaction,as well as hydrogen-bonding interactions,the CBACs displayed huge superiority in efficient dye removal.The saturated methylene blue adsorption capacity by CBACs could be as high as 1143.4 mg·g^(-1),superior to that of other reported biomass-activated carbons.The adsorption was endothermic and modeled well by the pseudo-second-order kinetic,intra-particle diffusion,and Langmuir models.This work presented the effectiveness of Taihu cyanobacteria adsorbent ascribed to its super large specific surface area and high adsorption ability.
文摘BACKGROUND Pancreatic adenocarcinoma,a malignancy that arises in the cells of the pancreas,is a devastating disease with unclear etiology and often poor prognosis.Locally advanced pancreatic cancer,a stage where the tumor has grown significantly but has not yet spread to distant organs,presents unique challenges in treatment.This article aims to discuss the current strategies,challenges,and future directions in the management of locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma(LAPC).AIM To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of programmed cell death 1(PD-1)inhibitor sintilimab plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy for LAPC.METHODS Eligible patients had LAPC,an Eastern cooperative oncology group performance status of 0 or 1,adequate organ and marrow functions,and no prior anticancer therapy.In the observation group,participants received intravenous sintilimab 200 mg once every 3 wk,and received concurrent chemoradiotherapy(concurrent conventional fractionated radiotherapy with doses planning target volume 50.4 Gy and gross tumor volume 60 Gy in 28 fractions and oral S-140 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1-14 of a 21-d cycle and intravenous gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 of a 21-d cycle for eight cycles until disease progression,death,or unacceptable toxicity).In the control group,participants only received concurrent chemoradiotherapy.From April 2020 to November 2021,64 participants were finally enrolled with 34 in the observation group and 30 in the control group.RESULTS Thirty-four patients completed the scheduled course of chemoradiotherapy,while 32(94.1%)received sintilimab plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy with 2 patients discontinuing sintilimab in the observation group.Thirty patients completed the scheduled course of chemoradiotherapy in the control group.Based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors guidelines,the analysis of the observation group revealed that a partial response was observed in 11 patients(32.4%),stable disease was evident in 19 patients(55.9%),and 4 patients(11.8%)experienced progressive disease;a partial response was observed in 6(20.0%)patients,stable disease in 18(60%),and progressive disease in 6(20%)in the control group.The major toxic effects were leukopenia and nausea.The incidence of severe adverse events(AEs)(grade 3 or 4)was 26.5%(9/34)in the observation group and 23.3%(7/30)in the control group.There were no treatment-related deaths.The observation group demonstrated a significantly longer median overall survival(22.1 mo compared to 15.8 mo)(P<0.05)and progression-free survival(12.2 mo vs 10.1 mo)(P<0.05)in comparison to the control group.The occurrence of severe AEs did not exhibit a statistically significant difference between the observation group and the control group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Sintilimab plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy was effective and safe for LAPC patients,and warrants further investigation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51976172)National Science and Technology Major Project (2017-II-0009-0023)+1 种基金China’s 111 project(B17037)Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University(CX2023056)。
文摘The time domain harmonic balance method is an attractive reduced order method of analyzing unsteady flow for turbomachines. However, the method can admit non-physical solutions. Non-physical solutions were encountered from a three-blade-row compressor configuration in a time domain harmonic balance analysis. This paper aims to investigate the root cause of the non-physical solutions. The investigation involves several strategies, which include increasing the number of harmonics, increasing the number of time instants, including scattered modes,including the rotor-rotor interaction, and the use of a new method-the approximate time domain nonlinear harmonic method. Numerical analyses pertinent to each strategy are presented to reveal the root cause of the non-physical solution. It is found that the nonlinear interaction of unsteady flow components with different fundamental frequencies is the cause of the non-physical solution. The non-physical solution can be eliminated by incorporating extra scattered modes or using the approximate time domain nonlinear harmonic method.
基金partly supported by the Agency for Science,Technology and Research(A*Star)SERC(No.0521010037,0521210082)
文摘Sensor scheduling is essential to collaborative target tracking in wireless sensor networks （WSNs）. In the existing works for target tracking in WSNs, such as the information-driven sensor query （IDSQ）, the tasking sensors are scheduled to maximize the information gain while minimizing the resource cost based on the uniform sampling intervals, ignoring the changing of the target dynamics and the specific desirable tracking goals. This paper proposes a novel energy-efficient adaptive sensor scheduling approach that jointly selects tasking sensors and determines their associated sampling intervals according to the predicted tracking accuracy and tracking energy cost. At each time step, the sensors are scheduled in alternative tracking mode, namely, the fast tracking mode with smallest sampling interval or the tracking maintenance mode with larger sampling interval, according to a specified tracking error threshold. The approach employs an extended Kalman filter （EKF）-based estimation technique to predict the tracking accuracy and adopts an energy consumption model to predict the energy cost. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared to a non-adaptive sensor scheduling approach, the proposed approach can save energy cost significantly without degrading the tracking accuracy.
基金This work was supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7212157,China)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-029 and 2022-12M-JB-011,China)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81703536,China).
文摘Pancreatic cancer is a malignant disease characterized by low survival and high recurrence rate,whose patients are mostly at the stage of locally advanced or metastatic disease when first diagnosed.Early diagnosis is particularly important because prognostic/predictive markers help guide optimal individualized treatment regimens.So far,CA19-9 is the only biomarker for pancreatic cancer approved by the FDA,but its effectiveness is limited by low sensitivity and specificity.With recent advances in genomics,proteomics,metabolomics,and other analytical and sequencing technologies,the rapid acquisition and screening of biomarkers is now possible.Liquid biopsy also occupies a significant place due to its unique advantages.In this review,we systematically describe and evaluate the available biomarkers that have the greatest potential as vital tools in diagnosing and treating pancreatic cancer.
基金supported by the Innovation Foundation of Graduate Student of Harbin Normal University (HSDSSCX2022-111)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(TD2020B001)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources (SKL-ACPS-C-25)。
文摘The electronic and functional synergies between the twin metal centers make dual single-atom catalysts(DACs) attractive for oxygen electrocatalysis. The catalytic activities of DACs are largely decided by their surrounding micro-environment and supporting substrates. Modulating the micro-environment as well as engineering the efficient support is challenging tasks. Moreover, both are critical to optimizing the performance of DACs. Herein, a novel bio-cooperative strategy is developed to synthesize Fe Ni-DAC wherein Fe-Ni dual-atom sites are embedded in the N, P codoped tyre shaped carbon matrix. The configuration matching of Fe-Ni dual centers together with the local electronic engineering of N, P heteroatoms synergistically boost the catalytic activity on the oxygen reaction. Furthermore, the central-hollow highlyporous carbon matrix not only gives rise to a large amount of active sites, but also facilitates fast kinetics.Taking advantage of both the DAC and the substrate, the Fe Ni-NPC hollow tyre(HT) catalyst scores high in both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, which exhibits the narrow potential difference and excellent durability. The aqueous Zn-air full battery(ZAB) integrating the Fe Ni-NPC HT air cathode has a high power density and a good stability over long-term cycling. Moreover, the flexible solid-state ZAB assembled with the polymer electrolyte obtains the high reliability over a wide range of temperatures or under diverse outside deformations. Therefore, this work offers a new green approach to prepare highly efficient DACs with built-in modulated micro-environment and tailor-made substrates. Moreover,it also paves a new way to develop highly-pliable power source for flexible electronics.
基金support of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFE0300501,2017YFE0300500)Institute of Energy,Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center(Nos.21KZS202,19KZS205)+3 种基金University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(Nos.GXXT-2021-014,GXXT-2021-029)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11905143)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.JZ2022HGTB0302)supported in part by the Users with Excellence Program of Hefei Science Center CAS(No.2020HSC-UE008)。
文摘Compact torus(CT)injection is a highly promising technique for the central fueling of future reactor-grade fusion devices since it features extremely high injection velocity and relatively high plasma mass.Recently,a CT injector for the EAST tokamak,EAST-CTI,was developed and platform-tested.In the first round of experiments conducted with low parameter settings,the maximum velocity and mass of the CT plasma were 150 km·s^(-1)and 90μg,respectively.However,the parameters obtained by EAST-CTI were still very low and were far from the requirements of a device such as EAST that has a strong magnetic field.In future,we plan to solve the spark problem that EAST-CTI currently encounters(that mainly hinders the further development of experiments)through engineering methods,and use greater power to obtain a more stable and suitable CT plasma for EAST.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(No.TD2020B001)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources(No.SKL-ACPS-C-25)。
文摘Tin sulfide(SnS_(2))with high theoretical capacity and layered structure is a promising anode candidate for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).However,the sluggish kinetics,huge volume expansion and polysulfide intermediates dissolution restrict its development.To address these issues,a necklace-like hybrid fiber with core–shell beads is designed to achieve the high-performance anode for PIBs.The cores of the beads are assembly by SnS_(2)nanocrystals dotted in N,S codoped carbon(NSC)matrix.Then they are encapsulated by NSC based shell and form the core–shell structured beads internal the hybrid fiber(CSN fiber).The carbon matrix of SnS_(2)@NSC CSN fiber gives fast ion/electron pathways and facilitates to decrease particle aggregation.Meanwhile,N,S codpants favor to trap the polysulfides intermediates and alleviate the sulfur loss during cycling.Moreover,the voids internal the beads further provide the high accommodation to volume change.Taken all above advantages,the SnS_(2)@NSC CSN fiber achieves the excellent high rate capability and ultrastable cycling property,which obtains a low capacity decay rate of 0.013%after 2000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1).Moreover,its good mechanical characteristics ensure the fabrication of the flexible PIB full cell,which achieves the high pliability,superior power/energy density and high reliability in diverse working conditions.Therefore,this work not only gives a new clue to design the highperformance electrode for potassium storage,but also propels the applications of PIBs for diverse electronics.
基金This study was funded by the Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program,China(grant no.2022-02-08-00-12-F01111)the China Agriculture Research System(grant no.CARS-30-2-08)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.32102347)the Shanghai Sailing Program(grant no.21YF1422100)the Startup Fund for Young Faculty at SJTU(grant no.21X010500643).
文摘Prunus pusilliflora is a wild cherry germplasm resource distributed mainly in Southwest China.Despite its ornamental and economic value,a high-quality assembled P.pusilliflora genome is unavailable,hindering our understanding of its genetic background,population diversity,and evolutionary processes.Here,we de novo assembled a chromosome-scale P.pusilliflora genome using Oxford Nanopore,Illumina,and chromosome conformation capture sequencing.The assembled genome size was 309.62 Mb,with 76 scaffolds anchored to eight pseudochromosomes.We predicted 33035 protein-coding genes,functionally annotated 98.27%of them,and identified repetitive sequences covering 49.08%of the genome.We found that P.pusilliflora is closely related to Prunus serrulata and Prunus yedoensis,having diverged from them∼41.8 million years ago.A comparative genomic analysis revealed that P.pusilliflora has 643 expanded and 1128 contracted gene families.Furthermore,we found that P.pusilliflora is more resistant to Colletotrichum viniferum,Phytophthora capsici,and Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato(Pst)DC3000 infections than cultivated Prunus avium.P.pusilliflora also has considerably more nucleotide-binding site-type resistance gene analogs than P.avium,which explains its stronger disease resistance.The cytochrome P450 and WRKY families of 263 and 61 proteins were divided into 42 and 8 subfamilies respectively in P.pusilliflora.Furthermore,81 MADS-box genes were identified in P.pusilliflora,accompanying expansions of the SVP and AGL15 subfamilies and loss of the TM3 subfamily.Our assembly of a high-quality P.pusilliflora genome will be valuable for further research on cherries and molecular breeding.
基金This study was jointly funded by a project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42102087)a project of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M712966)a key special project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021QZKK0304).
文摘The Daheishan supergiant porphyry molybdenum deposit(also referred to as the Daheishan deposit)is the second largest molybdenum deposit in Asia and ranks fifth among the top seven molybdenum deposits globally with total molybdenum reserves of 1.65 billion tons,an average molybdenum ore grade of 0.081%,and molybdenum resources of 1.09 million tons.The main ore body is housed in the granodiorite porphyry plutons and their surrounding inequigranular granodiorite plutons,with high-grade ores largely located in the ore-bearing granodiorite porphyries in the middle-upper part of the porphyry plutons.Specifically,it appears as an ore pipe with a large upper part and a small lower part,measuring about 1700 m in length and width,extending for about 500 m vertically,and covering an area of 2.3 km^(2).Mineralogically,the main ore body consists of molybdenite,chalcopyrite,and sphalerite horizontally from its center outward and exhibits molybdenite,azurite,and pyrite vertically from top to bottom.The primary ore minerals include pyrite and molybdenite,and the secondary ore minerals include sphalerite,chalcopyrite,tetrahedrite,and scheelite,with average grades of molybdenum,copper,sulfur,gallium,and rhenium being 0.081%,0.033%,1.67%,0.001%,and 0.0012%,respectively.The ore-forming fluids of the Daheishan deposit originated as the CO_(2)-H_(2)O-NaCl multiphase magmatic fluid system,rich in CO_(2)and bearing minor amounts of CH4,N2,and H2S,and later mixed with meteoric precipitation.In various mineralization stages,the ore-forming fluids had homogenization temperatures of>420℃‒400℃,360℃‒350℃,340℃‒230℃,220℃‒210℃,and 180℃‒160℃and salinities of>41.05%‒9.8%NaCleqv,38.16%‒4.48%NaCleqv,35.78%‒4.49%NaCleqv,7.43%NaCleqv,and 7.8%‒9.5%NaCleqv,respectively.The mineralization of the Daheishan deposit occurred at 186‒167 Ma.The granites closely related to the mineralization include granodiorites(granodiorite porphyries)and monzogranites(monzogranite porphyries),which were mineralized after magmatic evolution(189‒167 Ma).Moreover,these mineralization-related granites exhibit low initial strontium content and high initial neodymium content,indicating that these granites underwent crust-mantle mixing.The Daheishan deposit formed during the Early-Middle Jurassic,during which basaltic magma underplating induced the lower-crust melting,leading to the formation of magma chambers.After the fractional crystallization of magmas,ore-bearing fluids formed.As the temperature and pressure decreased,the ore-bearing fluids boiled drops while ascending,leading to massive unloading of metal elements.Consequently,brecciated and veinlet-disseminated ore bodies formed.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1200500)supported by Emergency Key Program of Guangzhou Laboratory(EKPG21-01)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070166)。
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by frequently mutating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has had a worldwide impact.However,detailed data on the potential aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in real-world and controlled laboratory settings remain sparse.During the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai,China in 2022,samples were collected in a Fangcang shelter hospital,a large-scale temporary hospital rapidly built by converting the existing National Exhibition and Convention Center(Shanghai)into a health care facility.Aerosol samples at different sites and intervals around patients and in public areas,surface samples,and pharyngeal swab samples from corresponding patients were included.Samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)assays,followed by sequencing if the cycle threshold(Ct)value was<30.The positivity rate for SARS-CoV-2 in aerosol samples was high in contaminated zones(37.5%,104/277),especially around the bed(41.2%,68/165)and near ventilation inlets(45.2%,14/31).The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 around the bed,public areas,and air inlets of exhaust vents fluctuated and was closely related to the positivity rate among patients at corresponding sampling sites.Some surface samples of different personal protective equipment from medical staff had high positivity rates.Sixty sequences of joined ORF1ab and spike genes obtained from sixty samples represented two main clusters of Omicron SARS-CoV-2.There was consistency in virus sequences from the same patient and their environment,and the detected virus sequences matched those of virus strains in circulation during the collection periods,which indicated a high likelihood of cross-contamination in the Fangcang shelter hospital.In summary,the results provide a quantitative and real landscape of the aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and a patient-centered view of contamination in large and enclosed spaces and offer a useful guide for taking targeted measures to avoid nosocomial infections during the management of SARS-CoV-2 or other respiratory virus diseases in a Fangcang shelter hospital.
基金funded by the National Scientific and Technological Basic Resources Investigation Program(2022FY101800)a project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42102087)+1 种基金a project of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M712966)a major project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2021QZKK0304)。
文摘The reserves of the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo-Ag deposit(also referred to as the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit)ranks first among the copper deposits in China and 33rd among the porphyry copper deposits in the world.It has proven resources of copper(Cu),molybdenum(Mo),gold(Au),and silver(Ag)of 2.28×10^(6)t,80×10^(3)t,73 t,and 1046 t,respectively.The major characteristics of the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit are as follows.It is located in a zone sandwiched by the Siberian,North China,and paleo-Pacific plates in an island arc tectonic setting and was formed by the Paleozoic mineralization and the Mesozoic mineralization induced by superposition and transformation.The metallogenic porphyries are the Middle Hercynian granodiorite porphyries.The alterations of surrounding rocks are distributed in a ring form.With silicified porphyries at the center,the alteration zones of K-feldspar,biotite,sericite,and propylite occur from inside to outside.This deposit is composed of 215 ore bodies(including 14 major ore bodies)in four mineralized zones.Ore body No.X in the No.3 mineralized zone has the largest resource reserves,accounting for more than 78%of the total reserves of the deposit.Major ore components include Cu,Mo,Au,Ag,Se,and Ga,which have an average content of 0.46%,0.015%,0.16 g/t,1.22 g/t,0.0003%,and 0.001%-0.003%,respectively.The ore minerals of this deposit primarily include pyrite,chalcopyrite,bornite,and molybdenite,followed by magnetite,hematite,rutile,gelenite,and sphalerite.The ore-forming fluids of this deposit were magmatic water in the early metallogenic stage and then the mixture of meteoric water and magmatic water at the late metallogenic stage.The ore-forming fluids experienced three stages.The ore-forming fluids of stageⅠhad a hydrochemical type of H_(2)O-CO_(2)-Na Cl,an ore-forming temperature of 375-650℃,and ore-forming pressure of 110-160 MPa.The ore-forming fluids of stageⅡhad a hydrochemical type of H_(2)O-CO_(2)-Na Cl,an ore-forming temperature of 310-350℃,and ore-forming pressure of 58-80 MPa.The ore-forming fluids of stageⅢhad a hydrochemical type of Na Cl-H_(2)O,an ore-forming temperature of 210-290℃,and ore-forming pressure of 5-12 MPa.The CuAu-Mo-Ag mineralization mainly occurred at stagesⅠandⅡ,with the ore-forming materials having a mixed crust-mantle source.The Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit was formed in the initial subduction environment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean Plate during the Early Ordovician.Then,due to the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and the subduction and compression of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean,a composite orogenic metallogenic model of the deposit was formed.In other words,it is a porphyry-epithermal copper-gold polymetallic mineralization system of composite orogeny consisting of Paleozoic island arcs and Mesozoic orogeny and extension.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22102126)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2020CFB124)+2 种基金the Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials(Wuhan University of Science and Technology)the Hubei Provincial Department of Education for the"Chutian Scholar"programthe support of the"CUG Scholar"Scientific Research Funds at China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(Project No.2022187)。
文摘The bulk/surface states of semiconductor photocatalysts are imperative parameters to maneuver their performance by significantly affecting the key processes of photocatalysis including light absorption,separation of charge carrier,and surface site reaction.Recent years have witnessed the encouraging progress of self-adaptive bulk/surface engineered Bi_(x)O_(y)Br_(z) for photocatalytic applications spanning various fields.However,despite the maturity of current research,the interaction between the bulk/surface state and the performance of Bi_(x)O_(y)Br_(z) has not yet been fully understood and highlighted.In this regard,a timely tutorial overview is quite urgent to summarize the most recent key progress and outline developing obstacles in this exciting area.Herein,the structural characteristics and fundamental principles of Bi_(x)O_(y)Br_(z)for driving photocatalytic reaction as well as related key issues are firstly reviewed.Then,we for the first time summarized different self-adaptive engineering processes over Bi_(x)O_(y)Br_(z)followed by a classification of the generation approaches towards diverse Bi_(x)O_(y)Br_(z)materials.The features of different strategies,the up-to-date characterization techniques to detect bulk/surface states,and the effect of bulk/surface states on improving the photoactivity of Bi_(x)O_(y)Br_(z)in expanded applications are further discussed.Finally,the present research status,challenges,and future research opportunities of self-adaptive bulk/surface engineered Bi_(x)O_(y)Br_(z)are prospected.It is anticipated that this critical review can trigger deeper investigations and attract upcoming innovative ideas on the rational design of Bi_(x)O_(y)Br_(z)-based photocatalysts.
基金funded by the Center for Research Excellence,Incubation Management Center,Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin via an internal grant UniSZA/2021/SRGSIC/07.
文摘In recent years,there are numerous studies on chaotic systems with special equilibrium curves having various shapes such as circle,butterfly,heart and apple.This paper describes a new 3-D chaotic dynamical system with a capsule-shaped equilibrium curve.The proposed chaotic system has two quadratic,two cubic and two quartic nonlinear terms.It is noted that the proposed chaotic system has a hidden attractor since it has an infinite number of equilibrium points.It is also established that the proposed chaotic system exhibits multi-stability with two coexisting chaotic attractors for the same parameter values but differential initial states.A detailed bifurcation analysis with respect to variations in the system parameters is portrayed for the new chaotic system with capsule equilibrium curve.We have shown MATLAB plots to illustrate the capsule equilibrium curve,phase orbits of the new chaotic system,bifurcation diagrams and multi-stability.As an engineering application,we have proposed a speech cryptosystem with a numerical algorithm,which is based on our novel 3-D chaotic system with a capsule-shaped equilibrium curve.The proposed speech cryptosystem follows its security evolution and implementation on Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)platform.Experimental results show that the proposed encryption system utilizes 33%of the FPGA,while the maximum clock frequency is 178.28 MHz.
基金the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS,nos:2022-I2M-JB-011,2022-I2M-1-014)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82293684)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA0806400).
文摘Background:Immunotherapy has become the fastest-adopting treatment paradigm for lung cancer with improved survival.By binding with its ligand(inducible T-cell costimulator and its ligand[ICOSL]),an inducible T-cell co-stimulator(ICOS)could contribute to reversing immunosuppression and improving immune response and thus be a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.Methods:We selected 54 formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from cases with stage I–III lung adenocarcinoma cancer.Immunohistochemical expression of ICOS and ICOSL was evaluated.The correlation with clinical parameters in Chinese patients was also compared with TCGA results.Results:The positive rates of ICOS and ICOSL were 68%and 81.5%,respectively,in lung tumor tissues.Of these,9 cases had a low expression of ICOS,and 22 cases had a high expression of ICOS;ICOSL expression was low in 20 cases and high in 24 cases.According to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer(8th edition),phase I lesions were detected in 21 cases,phase II lesions in 15 cases,and phase III lesions in 18 cases.The median survival time of all patients was 44.5 months,and the median disease-free survival was 32 months.Univariate analysis showed that the factors significantly associated with overall survival were tumor size,regional lymph node involvement,stage,and expression level of ICOS/ICOSL.Survival analysis using log-rank test indicated that the lower ICOS+cell infiltration may predict poor prognosis,whereas lower ICOSL protein expression may be associated with better prognosis,but ICOSL data need further validation in larger samples due to inconsistency in TCGA mRNA prediction.Conclusion:ICOS/ICOSL might be associated with prognosis of lung cancer,and ICOS and its ligand may be potential therapeutic targets in non-small cell lung cancer.
