Background'. In recent years, much evidence has emerged to indicate that exercise can benefit people when performed properly. This reviewsummarizes the exercise interventions used in studies involving mice as they...Background'. In recent years, much evidence has emerged to indicate that exercise can benefit people when performed properly. This reviewsummarizes the exercise interventions used in studies involving mice as they are related to special diseases or physiological status. To furtherunderstand the effects of exercise interventions in treating or preventing diseases, it is important to establish a template for exercise interventionsthat can be used in future exercise-related studies.Methods'. PubMed was used as the data resource for articles. To identify studies related to the effectiveness of exercise interventions for treatingvarious diseases and organ functions in mice, we used the following search language: (exercise [Title] OR training [Title] OR physical activity[Title]) AND (mice [title/abstract] OR mouse [title/abstract] OR mus [title/abstract]). To limit the range of search results, we included 2 filters:one that limited publication dates to "in 10 years,^ and one that sorted the results as "best match^^. Then we grouped the commonly used exercisemethods according to their similarities and differences. We then evaluated the effectiveness of the exercise interventions for their impact on diseasesand organ functions in 8 different systems.Results'. A total of 331 articles were included in the analysis procedure. The articles were then segmented into 8 systems for which the exerciseinterventions were used in targeting and treating disorders: motor system (60 studies), metabolic system (45 studies), cardio-cerebral vascularsystem (58 studies), nervous system (74 studies), immune system (32 studies), respiratory system (7 studies), digestive system (1 study), and thesystem related to the development of cancer (54 studies). The methods of exercise interventions mainly involved the use of treadmills, voluntarywheel-running, forced wheel-running, swimming, and resistance training. It was found that regardless of the specific exercise method used, mostof them demonstrated positive effects on various systemic diseases and organ functions. Most diseases were remitted with exercise regardless ofthe exercise method used, although some diseases showed the best remission effects when a specific method was used.Conclusion-. Our review strongly suggests that exercise intervention is a cornerstone in disease prevention and treatment in mice. Because exerciseinterventions in humans typically focus on chronic diseases, national fitness, and body weight loss, and typically have low intervention com・pliance rates, it is important to use mice models to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits from exerciseinterventions in humans.展开更多
The gut microbiota refers to the gross collection of microorganisms,estimated trillions of them,which reside within the gut and play crucial roles in the absorption and digestion of dietary nutrients.In the past decad...The gut microbiota refers to the gross collection of microorganisms,estimated trillions of them,which reside within the gut and play crucial roles in the absorption and digestion of dietary nutrients.In the past decades,the new generation‘omics’(metagenomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics)technologies made it possible to precisely identify microbiota and metabolites and describe their variability between individuals,populations and even different time points within the same subjects.With massive efforts made,it is now generally accepted that the gut microbiota is a dynamically changing population,whose composition is influenced by the hosts’health conditions and lifestyles.Diet is one of the major contributors to shaping the gut microbiota.The components in the diets vary in different countries,religions,and populations.Some special diets have been adopted by people for hundreds of years aiming for better health,while the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.Recent studies based on volunteers or diet-treated animals demonstrated that diets can greatly and rapidly change the gut microbiota.The unique pattern of the nutrients from the diets and their metabolites produced by the gut microbiota has been linked with the occurrence of diseases,including obesity,diabetes,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,cardiovascular disease,neural diseases,and more.This review will summarize the recent progress and current understanding of the effects of different dietary patterns on the composition of gut microbiota,bacterial metabolites,and their effects on the host's metabolism.展开更多
基金supported by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91749104)the Emergency Management Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31842034)+3 种基金the Shanghai Pujiang Talent Project (18PJ1400700)the Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (18140901300)the Open Research Fund of the National Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering (SKLGE1803)the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (KF-GN201701) to TML
文摘Background'. In recent years, much evidence has emerged to indicate that exercise can benefit people when performed properly. This reviewsummarizes the exercise interventions used in studies involving mice as they are related to special diseases or physiological status. To furtherunderstand the effects of exercise interventions in treating or preventing diseases, it is important to establish a template for exercise interventionsthat can be used in future exercise-related studies.Methods'. PubMed was used as the data resource for articles. To identify studies related to the effectiveness of exercise interventions for treatingvarious diseases and organ functions in mice, we used the following search language: (exercise [Title] OR training [Title] OR physical activity[Title]) AND (mice [title/abstract] OR mouse [title/abstract] OR mus [title/abstract]). To limit the range of search results, we included 2 filters:one that limited publication dates to "in 10 years,^ and one that sorted the results as "best match^^. Then we grouped the commonly used exercisemethods according to their similarities and differences. We then evaluated the effectiveness of the exercise interventions for their impact on diseasesand organ functions in 8 different systems.Results'. A total of 331 articles were included in the analysis procedure. The articles were then segmented into 8 systems for which the exerciseinterventions were used in targeting and treating disorders: motor system (60 studies), metabolic system (45 studies), cardio-cerebral vascularsystem (58 studies), nervous system (74 studies), immune system (32 studies), respiratory system (7 studies), digestive system (1 study), and thesystem related to the development of cancer (54 studies). The methods of exercise interventions mainly involved the use of treadmills, voluntarywheel-running, forced wheel-running, swimming, and resistance training. It was found that regardless of the specific exercise method used, mostof them demonstrated positive effects on various systemic diseases and organ functions. Most diseases were remitted with exercise regardless ofthe exercise method used, although some diseases showed the best remission effects when a specific method was used.Conclusion-. Our review strongly suggests that exercise intervention is a cornerstone in disease prevention and treatment in mice. Because exerciseinterventions in humans typically focus on chronic diseases, national fitness, and body weight loss, and typically have low intervention com・pliance rates, it is important to use mice models to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits from exerciseinterventions in humans.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0802300 to S.H.)Training Program of the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91957117)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971082)Shanghai Pujiang Program(18PJ1400500)Open Research Fund of the National Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering(SKLGE1805)to S.H.Y.S.was supported by the Halfond-Weil Postdoctoral Fellowship.
文摘The gut microbiota refers to the gross collection of microorganisms,estimated trillions of them,which reside within the gut and play crucial roles in the absorption and digestion of dietary nutrients.In the past decades,the new generation‘omics’(metagenomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics)technologies made it possible to precisely identify microbiota and metabolites and describe their variability between individuals,populations and even different time points within the same subjects.With massive efforts made,it is now generally accepted that the gut microbiota is a dynamically changing population,whose composition is influenced by the hosts’health conditions and lifestyles.Diet is one of the major contributors to shaping the gut microbiota.The components in the diets vary in different countries,religions,and populations.Some special diets have been adopted by people for hundreds of years aiming for better health,while the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.Recent studies based on volunteers or diet-treated animals demonstrated that diets can greatly and rapidly change the gut microbiota.The unique pattern of the nutrients from the diets and their metabolites produced by the gut microbiota has been linked with the occurrence of diseases,including obesity,diabetes,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,cardiovascular disease,neural diseases,and more.This review will summarize the recent progress and current understanding of the effects of different dietary patterns on the composition of gut microbiota,bacterial metabolites,and their effects on the host's metabolism.
