The Heilongjiang Jianbiannongchang area is located at the confluence of the Great and Lesser Xing’an Ranges.This area has a complex magmatic and tectonic evolutionary history that has resulted in a complex and divers...The Heilongjiang Jianbiannongchang area is located at the confluence of the Great and Lesser Xing’an Ranges.This area has a complex magmatic and tectonic evolutionary history that has resulted in a complex and diverse geological background for mineralization.In this study,isometric logarithmic ratio(ILR)transformations of Au,Cu,Pb,Zn,and Sb contents were performed in the1:50,000 soil geochemical data of the Jianbiannongchang area.Robust principal component analysis(RPCA)was conducted based on ILR transformation.The local singularity and spectrum-area(S-A)methods were used to extract information on mineralogic anomalies.The results showed that:(1)the transformed data eliminated the influence of the original data closure effect,and the PC1and PC2 information obtained by applying RPCA reflected ore-producing element anomalies dominated by Au and Cu.(2)The local singularity method can enhance the information of the local strong and weak slow anomalies.After performing local singularity analysis on PC1 and PC2,the obtained local anomalies reflected the local singularity spatial anomaly patterns related to Cu and Au mineralization in this area,which is an effective method for trapping ore-producing anomalies.(3)Furthermore,the composite anomaly decomposition of PC1 and PC2 was performed using the S-A method,and the screened anomalous and background fields reflect the ore-producing anomalies related to Cu and Au mineralization.This information is in agreement with known Cu and Au mineralization.(4)The geochemical anomalies with mineralization potential were obtained outside the known mineralization sites by integrating the information of oreproducing anomalies extracted by the local singularity and S-A methods,providing the theoretical basis and exploration direction for future exploration in the study area.展开更多
Mangrove distribution along shorelines shows distinct zonation patterns;thus,different communities may face various influences from sea level rise(SLR)and land use.However,long-term change predictions are usually base...Mangrove distribution along shorelines shows distinct zonation patterns;thus,different communities may face various influences from sea level rise(SLR)and land use.However,long-term change predictions are usually based only on the total extent of mangroves.Few studies have revealed how SLR and land development such as agriculture,aquaculture,and urbanization jointly affect different intertidal mangrove communities.This study proposed a novel framework combining SLAMM(Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model)and the CLUE-S(Conversion of Land Use and its Effect at Small regional extent)model to assess the potential impacts on upper and lower intertidal mangrove communities.Maoweihai in Guangxi,China,was selected as the study area and the potential impacts from the squeeze effect and mangrove expansion potential were evaluated.We established three scenarios combining SLR and land use patterns to predict mangrove coverage projections by 2070.The results showed that,under a single SLR driver,the upper intertidal mangroves would be more adaptive to rapid SLR than the lower intertidal mangroves.However,under the combined influence of the two drivers,the upper intertidal mangroves would experience larger squeeze effects than the lower intertidal mangroves,with up to 80.5%of suitable habitat lost.Moreover,the expansion potential of upper intertidal mangroves would be considerably more limited than that of lower intertidal mangroves.The length of the expandable habitat patch boundary of upper intertidal mangroves only reached 1.4–1.8 km,while that of the lower intertidal mangroves reached up to99.2–111.2 km.Further,we found that aquaculture ponds and cropland are the top two land development types that could occupy suitable habitat and restrict the mangrove expansion potential.Our results highlight that timely improvement of land use policies to create available landward accommodation space for mangrove migration is essential to maintain the coverage and diversity of mangrove communities under SLR.The proposed method can be a helpful tool for adaptive mangrove conservation and management under climate change.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the protective effect of Alpinia zerumbet(Pers.)Burttet Smith ethanol extraction(YSJ)on gastric ulcers.[Methods]The ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model was generated by male Kunming mice.The mic...[Objectives]To explore the protective effect of Alpinia zerumbet(Pers.)Burttet Smith ethanol extraction(YSJ)on gastric ulcers.[Methods]The ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model was generated by male Kunming mice.The mice were divided into six groups,including control,model(GU),positive omeprazole enteric-coated capsules(18 mg/kg),YSJ low(1.17 g/kg),medium(2.34 g/kg)and high(4.68 g/kg)dose groups.To observe the state of gastric tissues,hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining was applied and immunohistochemistry(IHC)was used to evaluate the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B p65(NF-κB p65),interleukin 6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)in gastric tissues.The ulcer index,biochemical parameters,and inflammatory proteins were evaluated.In vitro,GES-1 cells were induced by anhydrous ethanol to found gastric ulcer model.The groups were the same as in vivo experiment.Cytotoxicity was tested by MTT and IL-1β,TNF-α,and IL-6 were detected by Elisa assays.[Results]The injuries of gastric tissue in the model group were unambiguously observed and improved after YSJ treatment.The levels of interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β),interleukin 6(IL-6),interleukin 8(IL-8),and TNF-αin serum and tissues were decreased(P<0.05 or 0.01),whereas interleukin 4(IL-4)and prostaglandin E 2(PGE 2)were increased after treatment with YSJ(P<0.05 or 0.01).The levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-8 were decreased in YSJ groups,while IL-4 and PGE 2 presented the opposite trend.The protein expression of p-NF-κB,NF-κB,p-IκBα,IκBα,and TNF-αwas inhibited after treatment with YSJ(P<0.05 or 0.01).[Conclusions]These results demonstrate that YSJ alleviates the occurrence and development of gastric ulcers via inhibiting inflammation.展开更多
By removing a part of the structure,the tooth preparation provides restorative space,bonding surface,and finish line for various restorations on abutment.Preparation technique plays critical role in achieving the opti...By removing a part of the structure,the tooth preparation provides restorative space,bonding surface,and finish line for various restorations on abutment.Preparation technique plays critical role in achieving the optimal result of tooth preparation.With successful application of microscope in endodontics for>30 years,there is a full expectation of microscopic dentistry.However,as relatively little progress has been made in the application of microscopic dentistry in prosthodontics,the following assumptions have been proposed:Is it suitable to choose the tooth preparation technique under the naked eye in the microscopic vision?Is there a more accurate preparation technology intended for the microscope?To obtain long-term stable therapeutic effects,is it much easier to achieve maximum tooth preservation and retinal protection and maintain periodontal tissue and oral function health under microscopic vision?Whether the microscopic prosthodontics is a gimmick or a breakthrough in obtaining an ideal tooth preparation should be resolved in microscopic tooth preparation.This article attempts to illustrate the concept,core elements,and indications of microscopic minimally invasive tooth preparation,physiological basis of dental pulp,periodontium and functions involved in tool preparation,position ergonomics and visual basis for dentists,comparison of tooth preparation by naked eyes and a microscope,and comparison of different designs of microscopic minimally invasive tooth preparation techniques.Furthermore,a clinical protocol for microscopic minimally invasive tooth preparation based on target restorative space guide plate has been put forward and new insights on the quantity and shape of microscopic minimally invasive tooth preparation has been provided.展开更多
The numerical method of modes analysis and decomposition of the output signal in 3D electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation is presented. By the method, multiple modes can be resolved at one time using a set of di...The numerical method of modes analysis and decomposition of the output signal in 3D electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation is presented. By the method, multiple modes can be resolved at one time using a set of diagnostic data, the amplitudes and the phases of the specified modes can all be given separately. Based on the method, the output signals of one X-band tri-bend mode converter used for one high power microwave device, with ionization process in the device due to the strong normal electric field, are analyzed and decomposed.展开更多
Fe^(2+)is of considerable importance in plant growth and crop production.However,most Fe elements in nature favor existing in the trivalent state,which often causes the deficiency of Fe^(2+)in plants.Here,we report th...Fe^(2+)is of considerable importance in plant growth and crop production.However,most Fe elements in nature favor existing in the trivalent state,which often causes the deficiency of Fe^(2+)in plants.Here,we report the Fe valence state change from Fe^(3+)to Fe^(2+)by using leaves.This valence state change was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in Fe-Cl@leaves.Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy demonstrated that aromatic ring groups were included in leaves,and cation-π𝜋interactions between Fe cations and the components containing aromatic rings in leaves were measured.Further,density functional theory calculations revealed that the most stable adsorption site for hydrated Fe^(3+)cation was the region where hydroxyl groups and aromatic rings coexist.Moreover,molecular orbital and charge decomposition analysis revealed that the aromatic rings took the major part(59%)of the whole net charge transfer between leaves and Fe cations.This work provides a high-efficiency and eco-friendly way to transform the Fe valence state from Fe^(3+)to Fe^(2+),and affords a new insight into the valance change between plant organisms with cations.展开更多
In this study,Hy322 gene was cloned from Vibrio alginolyticus.The total length of its gene was 969 bp,and it could encode 322 amino acids.The physicochemical properties,protein structure,genetic evolutionary relations...In this study,Hy322 gene was cloned from Vibrio alginolyticus.The total length of its gene was 969 bp,and it could encode 322 amino acids.The physicochemical properties,protein structure,genetic evolutionary relationship and antigenic characteristics of the effector protein Hy322 of V.alginolyticus HY9901 type Ⅲ secretion system were studied and analyzed by bioinformatics methods and tools.The results showed that Hy322 is an unstable hydrophilic and acidic protein without a transmembrane region and a signal peptide,and secondary structure to α-helix.The evolutionary analysis showed that V.alginolyticus HY9901 and V.harveyi were clustered together,which indicated that the genetic relationship between the two species was closest.HY322 contains a FliN super family conserved domain associated with Flagellar motor switch.Bioinformatics analysis showed that the B-cell preponderant epitopes of Hy322 might be localized in the regions of 32-33,100-102,138-140,215-216,235-238 and 246-249.The 3D structure model of Hy322 subunit was simulated by SWISS-MODEL software and itwas found that the yscQ of Yersinia were similar and the similarity was 42.25%.In this study,the feasibility of Hy322 as a common antigen of Vibrio was verified from the perspective of bioinformatics,which laid the foundation for the next step in vaccine development.展开更多
Single-cell joint analysis of methylome and transcriptome reveals how the methylation regulates the transcriptional activity.However,traditional bench-top protocols for single-cell DNA methylation and RNA transcriptio...Single-cell joint analysis of methylome and transcriptome reveals how the methylation regulates the transcriptional activity.However,traditional bench-top protocols for single-cell DNA methylation and RNA transcription co-detection are laborintensive,cost-ineffective and contaminant-prone.Herein,we establish the DMF-sc MT-seq,a highly-efficient and cost-effective method to simultaneously analyze single-cell DNA methylation and transcriptional activity based on digital microfluidics.DMFsc MT-seq automates the workflow of single-cell isolation,cellular hypotonic lysis,nucleic acid separation and methylome/transcriptome library construction in a contactless and addressable way.The system ensures high accuracy(R>0.85),high gene detection ability(14,697 genes per cell at 4 million sequencing depth),and high CpG coverage(677,198 CpG sites per cell at 1million sequencing depth).By using DMF-sc MT-seq,the relationship of DNA methylation and RNA transcription under different genomic contexts is resolved.We further apply DMF-sc MT-seq to study the dynamics of transcription regulation with methylation-inhibiting anti-tumor Decitabine,and identify the methylated promoter/gene body driven genes in response to Decitabine treatment.DMF-sc MT-seq facilitates the construction of the correlation of DNA methylation and transcriptional activity at the single-cell level in a flexible,sensitive and accurate way,which is anticipated to be a powerful tool in studying single-cell biological systems.展开更多
Chronic loss of sleep damages health and disturbs the quality of life.Long-lasting sleep deprivation(SD)as well as sleep abnormalities are substantial risk factors for major depressive disorder,although the underlying...Chronic loss of sleep damages health and disturbs the quality of life.Long-lasting sleep deprivation(SD)as well as sleep abnormalities are substantial risk factors for major depressive disorder,although the underlying mechanisms are not clear.Here,we showed that chronic SD in mice promotes a gradual elevation of extracellular ATP,which activates astroglial P2X7 receptors(P2X7Rs).Activated P2X7Rs,in turn,selectively down-regulated the expression of 5-HT2B receptors(5-HT2BRs)in astrocytes.Stimulation of P2X7Rs induced by SD selectively suppressed the phosphorylation of AKT and FoxO3 a in astrocytes,but not in neurons.The overexpression of FoxO3a in astrocytes inhibited the expression of 5-HT2BRs.Down-regulation of 5-HT2BsRs instigated by SD suppressed the activation of STAT3 and relieved the inhibition of Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2.This latter cascade promoted the release of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2.The depression-like behaviors induced by SD were alleviated in P2X7R-KO mice.Our study reveals the mechanism underlying chronic SD-induced depression-like behaviors and suggests 5-HT2BRs as a key target for exploring therapeutic strategies aimed at the depression evoked by sleep disorders.展开更多
Evidence is emerging that t RNA-derived fragments(t RFs)are regulatory molecules.Studies of t RFs in plants have been based on conventional small RNA sequencing,and focused on profiling of t RF-5 and t RF-3 species.A ...Evidence is emerging that t RNA-derived fragments(t RFs)are regulatory molecules.Studies of t RFs in plants have been based on conventional small RNA sequencing,and focused on profiling of t RF-5 and t RF-3 species.A more comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the entire t RF population is highly necessary.Here,we employ t RNA-seq and YAMAT-seq,and develop a bioinformatics tool to comprehensively profile the expressions of t RNAs and t RFs in plants.We show that in Arabidopsis,approximately half of t RNA genes are extremely weakly expressed,accounting for only 1%of total t RNA abundance,while~12%of t RNA genes contribute to~80%of t RNA abundance.Our t RNA sequencings in various plants reveal that t RNA expression profiles exhibit a cross-species conserved pattern.By characterizing the composition of a highly heterogeneous t RF population,we show that t RNA halves and previously unnoticed 10–16-nt tiny t RFs represent substantial portions.The highly accumulated 13-nt and 16-nt tiny t RFs in Arabidopsis indicate that tiny t RFs are not random t RNA degradation products.Finally,we provide a user-friendly database for displaying the dynamic spatiotemporal expressions of t RNAs and t RFs in the model plants Arabidopsis and rice.展开更多
Dear Editor,The pathophysiologic al mechanisms underlying mood disorders including major depressive disorder(MDD)remain to be fully characterized.Iron is a key component in the development of the central nervous syste...Dear Editor,The pathophysiologic al mechanisms underlying mood disorders including major depressive disorder(MDD)remain to be fully characterized.Iron is a key component in the development of the central nervous system and iron deficiency has been linked to impairments of mood and cognition[1].展开更多
Attentional orienting and response inhibition have largely been studied separately. Each has yielded important findings, but controversy remains concerning whether they share any neurocognitive processes. These confli...Attentional orienting and response inhibition have largely been studied separately. Each has yielded important findings, but controversy remains concerning whether they share any neurocognitive processes. These conflicting findings may originate from two issues： （1） at the cognitive level, attentional orienting and response inhibition are typically studied in isolation; and （2） at the technological level, a single neuroimaging method is typically used to study these processes. This article reviews recent achievements in both spatial and temporal neuroimaging, emphasizing the relationship between attentional orienting and response inhibition. We suggest that coordinated engagement, both top-down and bottom-up, serves as a common neural mechanism underlying these two cognitive processes. In addition, the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex may play a major role in their harmonious operation.展开更多
In this paper,we propose and demonstrate a dual-beam delay-encoded Doppler spectral domain optical coherence tomography(OCT) system for in vivo measurement of absolute retinal blood velocity and flow with arbitrary or...In this paper,we propose and demonstrate a dual-beam delay-encoded Doppler spectral domain optical coherence tomography(OCT) system for in vivo measurement of absolute retinal blood velocity and flow with arbitrary orientation.The incident beam is split by a beam displacer into two probe beams of the single-spectrometer spectral domain OCT system with orthogonal polarization states and an optical path length delay.We validate our approach with a phantom and in vivo experiments of human retinal blood flow,respectively.展开更多
The in vivo degradation behavior of metallic nanoparticles(NPs) is very important for their biomedical applications and safety evaluation.Here,a method of laser ablation-single particle inductively coupled plasma mass...The in vivo degradation behavior of metallic nanoparticles(NPs) is very important for their biomedical applications and safety evaluation.Here,a method of laser ablation-single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-sp-ICP-MS) is shown to have high spatial resolution,sensitivity and accuracy for simultaneous imaging the in situ distribution of particulate Ag(P-Ag) and released ionic Ag(IonAg) in the sub-organs of spleen,liver and kidney after intravenous injection of Ag nanoparticles(50 nm,AgNPs) to mice.Under the optimized parameters of 0.4 J/cm^(2) laser fluence on a 30 μm spot with dwell time at 100 μs,the signals of P-Ag and Ion-Ag in the organic tissues can be easily distinguished from the mass spectra.The method of iterative threshold algorithm has been used to distract the signals of P-Ag and Ion-Ag and separate each other.The resulting images for the first time provide visualized evidence that a considerable amount of P-Ag accumulated in the splenic marginal zone,but widely distributed in the liver parenchyma at 24 h after injection of AgNPs,and in the meantime,obvious amounts of ionic Ag released and distributed in the organs.In addition,the imaging results indicate that the AgNP excretion in the kidney is mainly in ionic forms.The investigation here demonstrates that the developed LA-sp-ICPMS method with high spatial resolution,sensitivity and visualization capability can become a powerful tool in the clinical context of metallic NPs.展开更多
基金supported by the Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2020-BS-258)the Scientific Research Fund Project of the Educational Department of Liaoning Provincial(LJ2020JCL010)+1 种基金The project was supported by the discipline innovation team of Liaoning Technical University(LNTU20TD-14)the Key Research and Development Project of Heilongjiang Province(GA21A204).
文摘The Heilongjiang Jianbiannongchang area is located at the confluence of the Great and Lesser Xing’an Ranges.This area has a complex magmatic and tectonic evolutionary history that has resulted in a complex and diverse geological background for mineralization.In this study,isometric logarithmic ratio(ILR)transformations of Au,Cu,Pb,Zn,and Sb contents were performed in the1:50,000 soil geochemical data of the Jianbiannongchang area.Robust principal component analysis(RPCA)was conducted based on ILR transformation.The local singularity and spectrum-area(S-A)methods were used to extract information on mineralogic anomalies.The results showed that:(1)the transformed data eliminated the influence of the original data closure effect,and the PC1and PC2 information obtained by applying RPCA reflected ore-producing element anomalies dominated by Au and Cu.(2)The local singularity method can enhance the information of the local strong and weak slow anomalies.After performing local singularity analysis on PC1 and PC2,the obtained local anomalies reflected the local singularity spatial anomaly patterns related to Cu and Au mineralization in this area,which is an effective method for trapping ore-producing anomalies.(3)Furthermore,the composite anomaly decomposition of PC1 and PC2 was performed using the S-A method,and the screened anomalous and background fields reflect the ore-producing anomalies related to Cu and Au mineralization.This information is in agreement with known Cu and Au mineralization.(4)The geochemical anomalies with mineralization potential were obtained outside the known mineralization sites by integrating the information of oreproducing anomalies extracted by the local singularity and S-A methods,providing the theoretical basis and exploration direction for future exploration in the study area.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0802204,2019YFE0124700)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Fujian(2020J05078)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41906127 and 42076163)。
文摘Mangrove distribution along shorelines shows distinct zonation patterns;thus,different communities may face various influences from sea level rise(SLR)and land use.However,long-term change predictions are usually based only on the total extent of mangroves.Few studies have revealed how SLR and land development such as agriculture,aquaculture,and urbanization jointly affect different intertidal mangrove communities.This study proposed a novel framework combining SLAMM(Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model)and the CLUE-S(Conversion of Land Use and its Effect at Small regional extent)model to assess the potential impacts on upper and lower intertidal mangrove communities.Maoweihai in Guangxi,China,was selected as the study area and the potential impacts from the squeeze effect and mangrove expansion potential were evaluated.We established three scenarios combining SLR and land use patterns to predict mangrove coverage projections by 2070.The results showed that,under a single SLR driver,the upper intertidal mangroves would be more adaptive to rapid SLR than the lower intertidal mangroves.However,under the combined influence of the two drivers,the upper intertidal mangroves would experience larger squeeze effects than the lower intertidal mangroves,with up to 80.5%of suitable habitat lost.Moreover,the expansion potential of upper intertidal mangroves would be considerably more limited than that of lower intertidal mangroves.The length of the expandable habitat patch boundary of upper intertidal mangroves only reached 1.4–1.8 km,while that of the lower intertidal mangroves reached up to99.2–111.2 km.Further,we found that aquaculture ponds and cropland are the top two land development types that could occupy suitable habitat and restrict the mangrove expansion potential.Our results highlight that timely improvement of land use policies to create available landward accommodation space for mangrove migration is essential to maintain the coverage and diversity of mangrove communities under SLR.The proposed method can be a helpful tool for adaptive mangrove conservation and management under climate change.
基金Supported by Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)(ZK[2022]-492&[2020]1Y045)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82260767).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the protective effect of Alpinia zerumbet(Pers.)Burttet Smith ethanol extraction(YSJ)on gastric ulcers.[Methods]The ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model was generated by male Kunming mice.The mice were divided into six groups,including control,model(GU),positive omeprazole enteric-coated capsules(18 mg/kg),YSJ low(1.17 g/kg),medium(2.34 g/kg)and high(4.68 g/kg)dose groups.To observe the state of gastric tissues,hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining was applied and immunohistochemistry(IHC)was used to evaluate the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B p65(NF-κB p65),interleukin 6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)in gastric tissues.The ulcer index,biochemical parameters,and inflammatory proteins were evaluated.In vitro,GES-1 cells were induced by anhydrous ethanol to found gastric ulcer model.The groups were the same as in vivo experiment.Cytotoxicity was tested by MTT and IL-1β,TNF-α,and IL-6 were detected by Elisa assays.[Results]The injuries of gastric tissue in the model group were unambiguously observed and improved after YSJ treatment.The levels of interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β),interleukin 6(IL-6),interleukin 8(IL-8),and TNF-αin serum and tissues were decreased(P<0.05 or 0.01),whereas interleukin 4(IL-4)and prostaglandin E 2(PGE 2)were increased after treatment with YSJ(P<0.05 or 0.01).The levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-8 were decreased in YSJ groups,while IL-4 and PGE 2 presented the opposite trend.The protein expression of p-NF-κB,NF-κB,p-IκBα,IκBα,and TNF-αwas inhibited after treatment with YSJ(P<0.05 or 0.01).[Conclusions]These results demonstrate that YSJ alleviates the occurrence and development of gastric ulcers via inhibiting inflammation.
基金supported by a funding from Chengdu Science and Technology Benefiting Project(Grant number 2016-HM02-00018-SF)
文摘By removing a part of the structure,the tooth preparation provides restorative space,bonding surface,and finish line for various restorations on abutment.Preparation technique plays critical role in achieving the optimal result of tooth preparation.With successful application of microscope in endodontics for>30 years,there is a full expectation of microscopic dentistry.However,as relatively little progress has been made in the application of microscopic dentistry in prosthodontics,the following assumptions have been proposed:Is it suitable to choose the tooth preparation technique under the naked eye in the microscopic vision?Is there a more accurate preparation technology intended for the microscope?To obtain long-term stable therapeutic effects,is it much easier to achieve maximum tooth preservation and retinal protection and maintain periodontal tissue and oral function health under microscopic vision?Whether the microscopic prosthodontics is a gimmick or a breakthrough in obtaining an ideal tooth preparation should be resolved in microscopic tooth preparation.This article attempts to illustrate the concept,core elements,and indications of microscopic minimally invasive tooth preparation,physiological basis of dental pulp,periodontium and functions involved in tool preparation,position ergonomics and visual basis for dentists,comparison of tooth preparation by naked eyes and a microscope,and comparison of different designs of microscopic minimally invasive tooth preparation techniques.Furthermore,a clinical protocol for microscopic minimally invasive tooth preparation based on target restorative space guide plate has been put forward and new insights on the quantity and shape of microscopic minimally invasive tooth preparation has been provided.
基金Project supported by the fund of the State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect (Grant No. SKLIPR1908).
文摘The numerical method of modes analysis and decomposition of the output signal in 3D electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation is presented. By the method, multiple modes can be resolved at one time using a set of diagnostic data, the amplitudes and the phases of the specified modes can all be given separately. Based on the method, the output signals of one X-band tri-bend mode converter used for one high power microwave device, with ionization process in the device due to the strong normal electric field, are analyzed and decomposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11974366,12004110,and 12147169)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Center Universities.
文摘Fe^(2+)is of considerable importance in plant growth and crop production.However,most Fe elements in nature favor existing in the trivalent state,which often causes the deficiency of Fe^(2+)in plants.Here,we report the Fe valence state change from Fe^(3+)to Fe^(2+)by using leaves.This valence state change was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in Fe-Cl@leaves.Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy demonstrated that aromatic ring groups were included in leaves,and cation-π𝜋interactions between Fe cations and the components containing aromatic rings in leaves were measured.Further,density functional theory calculations revealed that the most stable adsorption site for hydrated Fe^(3+)cation was the region where hydroxyl groups and aromatic rings coexist.Moreover,molecular orbital and charge decomposition analysis revealed that the aromatic rings took the major part(59%)of the whole net charge transfer between leaves and Fe cations.This work provides a high-efficiency and eco-friendly way to transform the Fe valence state from Fe^(3+)to Fe^(2+),and affords a new insight into the valance change between plant organisms with cations.
基金Supported by Shenzhen Science and Technology Project(JCYJ20170818111629778,JCYJ20170306161613251)National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2017A030313174)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Ocean University(C17379)Undergraduate Innovative and Entrepreneurial Team Project(CCTD201802)
文摘In this study,Hy322 gene was cloned from Vibrio alginolyticus.The total length of its gene was 969 bp,and it could encode 322 amino acids.The physicochemical properties,protein structure,genetic evolutionary relationship and antigenic characteristics of the effector protein Hy322 of V.alginolyticus HY9901 type Ⅲ secretion system were studied and analyzed by bioinformatics methods and tools.The results showed that Hy322 is an unstable hydrophilic and acidic protein without a transmembrane region and a signal peptide,and secondary structure to α-helix.The evolutionary analysis showed that V.alginolyticus HY9901 and V.harveyi were clustered together,which indicated that the genetic relationship between the two species was closest.HY322 contains a FliN super family conserved domain associated with Flagellar motor switch.Bioinformatics analysis showed that the B-cell preponderant epitopes of Hy322 might be localized in the regions of 32-33,100-102,138-140,215-216,235-238 and 246-249.The 3D structure model of Hy322 subunit was simulated by SWISS-MODEL software and itwas found that the yscQ of Yersinia were similar and the similarity was 42.25%.In this study,the feasibility of Hy322 as a common antigen of Vibrio was verified from the perspective of bioinformatics,which laid the foundation for the next step in vaccine development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21927806,22204132,22104080)the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0905800)+1 种基金the Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai,and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2072021000,20720210005)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J011360)。
文摘Single-cell joint analysis of methylome and transcriptome reveals how the methylation regulates the transcriptional activity.However,traditional bench-top protocols for single-cell DNA methylation and RNA transcription co-detection are laborintensive,cost-ineffective and contaminant-prone.Herein,we establish the DMF-sc MT-seq,a highly-efficient and cost-effective method to simultaneously analyze single-cell DNA methylation and transcriptional activity based on digital microfluidics.DMFsc MT-seq automates the workflow of single-cell isolation,cellular hypotonic lysis,nucleic acid separation and methylome/transcriptome library construction in a contactless and addressable way.The system ensures high accuracy(R>0.85),high gene detection ability(14,697 genes per cell at 4 million sequencing depth),and high CpG coverage(677,198 CpG sites per cell at 1million sequencing depth).By using DMF-sc MT-seq,the relationship of DNA methylation and RNA transcription under different genomic contexts is resolved.We further apply DMF-sc MT-seq to study the dynamics of transcription regulation with methylation-inhibiting anti-tumor Decitabine,and identify the methylated promoter/gene body driven genes in response to Decitabine treatment.DMF-sc MT-seq facilitates the construction of the correlation of DNA methylation and transcriptional activity at the single-cell level in a flexible,sensitive and accurate way,which is anticipated to be a powerful tool in studying single-cell biological systems.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81871852,81200935,81671862,and 81871529)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1807137)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation for Overseas Scholars of the Education Ministry of China(20151098)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(20170541030)。
文摘Chronic loss of sleep damages health and disturbs the quality of life.Long-lasting sleep deprivation(SD)as well as sleep abnormalities are substantial risk factors for major depressive disorder,although the underlying mechanisms are not clear.Here,we showed that chronic SD in mice promotes a gradual elevation of extracellular ATP,which activates astroglial P2X7 receptors(P2X7Rs).Activated P2X7Rs,in turn,selectively down-regulated the expression of 5-HT2B receptors(5-HT2BRs)in astrocytes.Stimulation of P2X7Rs induced by SD selectively suppressed the phosphorylation of AKT and FoxO3 a in astrocytes,but not in neurons.The overexpression of FoxO3a in astrocytes inhibited the expression of 5-HT2BRs.Down-regulation of 5-HT2BsRs instigated by SD suppressed the activation of STAT3 and relieved the inhibition of Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2.This latter cascade promoted the release of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2.The depression-like behaviors induced by SD were alleviated in P2X7R-KO mice.Our study reveals the mechanism underlying chronic SD-induced depression-like behaviors and suggests 5-HT2BRs as a key target for exploring therapeutic strategies aimed at the depression evoked by sleep disorders.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871321,31788103,31770874)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation of China(16JCZDJC33400)Tianjin Rice Industrial Technology System of China(ITTRRS2018006)。
文摘Evidence is emerging that t RNA-derived fragments(t RFs)are regulatory molecules.Studies of t RFs in plants have been based on conventional small RNA sequencing,and focused on profiling of t RF-5 and t RF-3 species.A more comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the entire t RF population is highly necessary.Here,we employ t RNA-seq and YAMAT-seq,and develop a bioinformatics tool to comprehensively profile the expressions of t RNAs and t RFs in plants.We show that in Arabidopsis,approximately half of t RNA genes are extremely weakly expressed,accounting for only 1%of total t RNA abundance,while~12%of t RNA genes contribute to~80%of t RNA abundance.Our t RNA sequencings in various plants reveal that t RNA expression profiles exhibit a cross-species conserved pattern.By characterizing the composition of a highly heterogeneous t RF population,we show that t RNA halves and previously unnoticed 10–16-nt tiny t RFs represent substantial portions.The highly accumulated 13-nt and 16-nt tiny t RFs in Arabidopsis indicate that tiny t RFs are not random t RNA degradation products.Finally,we provide a user-friendly database for displaying the dynamic spatiotemporal expressions of t RNAs and t RFs in the model plants Arabidopsis and rice.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81871852,81200935,81671867 and 81971794)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1807137)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars of the Ministry of Education of China(20151098)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(20170541030)。
文摘Dear Editor,The pathophysiologic al mechanisms underlying mood disorders including major depressive disorder(MDD)remain to be fully characterized.Iron is a key component in the development of the central nervous system and iron deficiency has been linked to impairments of mood and cognition[1].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31100745 91232725 and 61175117)+5 种基金the National Basic Research Development Program (973 Program) of China (2011CB707803)the ‘111’ Project of China the Doctoral Training Fund of China (2010018511016)the Scientific Project of Bureau of Education Chongqing Municipality China (KJ110502)
文摘Attentional orienting and response inhibition have largely been studied separately. Each has yielded important findings, but controversy remains concerning whether they share any neurocognitive processes. These conflicting findings may originate from two issues： （1） at the cognitive level, attentional orienting and response inhibition are typically studied in isolation; and （2） at the technological level, a single neuroimaging method is typically used to study these processes. This article reviews recent achievements in both spatial and temporal neuroimaging, emphasizing the relationship between attentional orienting and response inhibition. We suggest that coordinated engagement, both top-down and bottom-up, serves as a common neural mechanism underlying these two cognitive processes. In addition, the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex may play a major role in their harmonious operation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61975246 and 61505267)Research Fund for Guangxi Distinguished Experts
文摘In this paper,we propose and demonstrate a dual-beam delay-encoded Doppler spectral domain optical coherence tomography(OCT) system for in vivo measurement of absolute retinal blood velocity and flow with arbitrary orientation.The incident beam is split by a beam displacer into two probe beams of the single-spectrometer spectral domain OCT system with orthogonal polarization states and an optical path length delay.We validate our approach with a phantom and in vivo experiments of human retinal blood flow,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11975251, 11875268)。
文摘The in vivo degradation behavior of metallic nanoparticles(NPs) is very important for their biomedical applications and safety evaluation.Here,a method of laser ablation-single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-sp-ICP-MS) is shown to have high spatial resolution,sensitivity and accuracy for simultaneous imaging the in situ distribution of particulate Ag(P-Ag) and released ionic Ag(IonAg) in the sub-organs of spleen,liver and kidney after intravenous injection of Ag nanoparticles(50 nm,AgNPs) to mice.Under the optimized parameters of 0.4 J/cm^(2) laser fluence on a 30 μm spot with dwell time at 100 μs,the signals of P-Ag and Ion-Ag in the organic tissues can be easily distinguished from the mass spectra.The method of iterative threshold algorithm has been used to distract the signals of P-Ag and Ion-Ag and separate each other.The resulting images for the first time provide visualized evidence that a considerable amount of P-Ag accumulated in the splenic marginal zone,but widely distributed in the liver parenchyma at 24 h after injection of AgNPs,and in the meantime,obvious amounts of ionic Ag released and distributed in the organs.In addition,the imaging results indicate that the AgNP excretion in the kidney is mainly in ionic forms.The investigation here demonstrates that the developed LA-sp-ICPMS method with high spatial resolution,sensitivity and visualization capability can become a powerful tool in the clinical context of metallic NPs.
