Background In the modern sheep production systems,the reproductive performance of ewes determines the economic profitability of farming.Revealing the genetic mechanisms underlying differences in the litter size is imp...Background In the modern sheep production systems,the reproductive performance of ewes determines the economic profitability of farming.Revealing the genetic mechanisms underlying differences in the litter size is important for the selection and breeding of highly prolific ewes.Hu sheep,a high-quality Chinese sheep breed,is known for its high fecundity and is often used as a model to study prolificacy traits.In the current study,animals were divided into two groups according to their delivery rates in three consecutive lambing seasons(namely,the high and low reproductive groups with≥3 lambs and one lamb per season,n=3,respectively).The ewes were slaughtered within 12 h of estrus,and unilateral ovarian tissues were collected and analyzed by 10×Genomics single-cell RNA sequencing.Results A total of 5 types of somatic cells were identified and corresponding expression profiles were mapped in the ovaries of each group.Noticeably,the differences in the ovary somatic cell expression profiles between the high and low reproductive groups were mainly clustered in the granulosa cells.Furthermore,four granulosa cell subtypes were identified.GeneSwitches analysis revealed that the abundance of JPH1 expression and the reduction of LOC101112291 expression could lead to different evolutionary directions of the granulosa cells.Additionally,the expression levels of FTH1 and FTL in mural granulosa cells of the highly reproductive group were significantly higher.These genes inhibit necroptosis and ferroptosis of mural granulosa cells,which helps prevent follicular atresia.Conclusions This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the high fecundity of Hu sheep.The differences in gene expression profiles,particularly in the granulosa cells,suggest that these cells play a critical role in female prolificacy.The findings also highlight the importance of genes such as JPH1,LOC101112291,FTH1,and FTL in regulating granulosa cell function and follicular development.展开更多
The electrocatalytic water splitting technology can generate highpurity hydrogen without emitting carbon dioxide,which is in favor of relieving environmental pollution and energy crisis and achieving carbon neutrality...The electrocatalytic water splitting technology can generate highpurity hydrogen without emitting carbon dioxide,which is in favor of relieving environmental pollution and energy crisis and achieving carbon neutrality.Electrocatalysts can effectively reduce the reaction energy barrier and increase the reaction efficiency.Facet engineering is considered as a promising strategy in controlling the ratio of desired crystal planes on the surface.Owing to the anisotropy,crystal planes with different orientations usually feature facet-dependent physical and chemical properties,leading to differences in the adsorption energies of oxygen or hydrogen intermediates,and thus exhibit varied electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).In this review,a brief introduction of the basic concepts,fundamental understanding of the reaction mechanisms as well as key evaluating parameters for both HER and OER are provided.The formation mechanisms of the crystal facets are comprehensively overviewed aiming to give scientific theory guides to realize dominant crystal planes.Subsequently,three strategies of selective capping agent,selective etching agent,and coordination modulation to tune crystal planes are comprehensively summarized.Then,we present an overview of significant contributions of facet-engineered catalysts toward HER,OER,and overall water splitting.In particular,we highlight that density functional theory calculations play an indispensable role in unveiling the structure–activity correlation between the crystal plane and catalytic activity.Finally,the remaining challenges in facet-engineered catalysts for HER and OER are provided and future prospects for designing advanced facet-engineered electrocatalysts are discussed.展开更多
The high incidence of cardiovascular disease has led to significant demand for synthetic vascular grafts in clinical applications.Anti-proliferation drugs are usually loaded into devices to achieve desirable anti-thro...The high incidence of cardiovascular disease has led to significant demand for synthetic vascular grafts in clinical applications.Anti-proliferation drugs are usually loaded into devices to achieve desirable anti-thrombosis effects after implantation.However,the non-selectiveness of these conventional drugs can lead to the failure of blood vessel reconstruction,leading to potential complications in the long term.To address this issue,an asymmetric membrane was constructed through electro-spinning techniques.The bilayer membrane loaded and effectively released nitric oxide(NO),as hoped,from only one side.Due to the short diffusion distance of NO,it exerted negligible effects on the other side of the membrane,thus allowing selective regulation of different cells on both sides.The released NO boosted the growth of endothelial cells(ECs)over smooth muscle cells(SMCs)-while on the side where NO was absent,SMCs grew into multilayers.The overall structure resembled a native blood vessel,with confluent ECs as the inner layer and layers of SMCs to support it.In addition,the membrane preserved the normal function of ECs,and at the same time did not exacerbate inflammatory responses.By preparing this material type that regulates cell behavior differentially,we describe a new method for its application in the cardiovascular field such as for artificial blood vessels.展开更多
Porous carbons with high specific area surfaces are promising electrode materials for supercapacitors.However,their production usually involves complex,time-consuming,and corrosive processes.Hence,a straightforward an...Porous carbons with high specific area surfaces are promising electrode materials for supercapacitors.However,their production usually involves complex,time-consuming,and corrosive processes.Hence,a straightforward and effective strategy is presented for producing highly porous carbons via a self-activation procedure utilizing zinc gluconate as the precursor.The volatile nature of zinc at high temperatures gives the carbons a large specific surface area and an abundance of mesopores,which avoids the use of additional activators and templates.Consequently,the obtained porous carbon electrode delivers a satisfactory specific capacitance and outstanding cycling durability of 90.9%after 50000 cycles at 10 A·g^(-1).The symmetric supercapacitors assembled by the optimal electrodes exhibit an acceptable rate capability and a distinguished cycling stability in both aqueous and ionic liquid electrolytes.Accordingly,capacitance retention rates of 77.8%and 85.7%are achieved after 50000 cycles in aqueous alkaline electrolyte and 10000 cycles in ionic liquid electrolyte.Moreover,the symmetric supercapacitors deliver high energy/power densities of 49.8 W·h·kg^(-1)/2477.8 W·kg^(-1) in the Et4NBF4 electrolyte,outperforming the majority of previously reported porous carbon-based symmetric supercapacitors in ionic liquid electrolytes.展开更多
The human skin,an important sensory organ,responds sensitively to external stimuli under various harsh conditions.However,the simultaneous achievement of mechanical/thermal sensitivity and extreme environmental tolera...The human skin,an important sensory organ,responds sensitively to external stimuli under various harsh conditions.However,the simultaneous achievement of mechanical/thermal sensitivity and extreme environmental tolerance remains an enormous challenge for skin-like hydrogel-based sensors.In this study,a novel skin-inspired hydrogel–elastomer hybrid with a sandwich structure and strong interfacial bonding for mechanical–thermal multimode sensing applications is developed.An inner-layered ionic hydrogel with a semiinterpenetrating network is prepared using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)as a nanofiller,lithium chloride(LiCl)as an ionic transport conductor,and polyacrylamide(PAM)as a polymer matrix.The outer-layered polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)elastomers fully encapsulating the hydrogel endow the hybrids with improved mechanical properties,intrinsic waterproofness,and long-term water retention(>98%).The silane modification of the hydrogels and elastomers imparts the hybrids with enhanced interfacial bonding strength and integrity.The hybrids exhibit a high transmittance(~91.2%),fatigue resistance,and biocompatibility.The multifunctional sensors assembled from the hybrids realize real-time temperature(temperature coefficient of resistance,approximately1.1%℃^(-1))responsiveness,wide-range strain sensing capability(gauge factor,~3.8)over a wide temperature range(from-20℃ to 60℃),and underwater information transmission.Notably,the dualparameter sensor can recognize the superimposed signals of temperature and strain.The designed prototype sensor arrays can detect the magnitude and spatial distribution of forces and temperatures.The comprehensive performance of the sensor prepared via a facile method is superior to that of most similar sensors previously reported.Finally,this study develops a new material platform for monitoring human health in extreme environments.展开更多
Biomass-derived porous carbon with developed pore structure is critical to achieving high performance electrode materials.In this work,we report a grape-based honeycomb-like porous carbon(GHPC)prepared by KOH activati...Biomass-derived porous carbon with developed pore structure is critical to achieving high performance electrode materials.In this work,we report a grape-based honeycomb-like porous carbon(GHPC)prepared by KOH activation and carbonization,followed by N-doping(NGHPC).The obtained NGHPC exhibits a unique honeycomb-like structure with hierarchically interconnected micro/mesopores,and high specific surface area of 1268 m^2/g.As a supercapacitor electrode,the NGPHC electrode exhibits a remarkable specific capacitance of 275 F/g at 0.5 A/g in a three-electrode cell.Moreover,the NGHPC//NGHPC symmetric supercapacitor displays a high energy density of 12.6 Wh/kg,and excellent cycling stability of approximately 95.2% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at 5 A/g.The excellent electrochemical performance of NGHPC is ascribed to its high specific surface area,honeycomb-like structure and high-content of pyrodinic-N(36.29%).It is believed that grape-based carbon materials show great potential as advanced electrode materials for supercapacitors.展开更多
Developing effective electrodes with commercial-level active mass-loading(>10 mg cm^(−2))is vital for the practical application of supercapacitors.However,high active mass-loading usually requires thick active mass...Developing effective electrodes with commercial-level active mass-loading(>10 mg cm^(−2))is vital for the practical application of supercapacitors.However,high active mass-loading usually requires thick active mass layer,which severely hinders the ion/electron transport and results in poor capacitive performance.Herein,a self-standing biochar electrode with active mass-loading of ca.40 mg cm^(−2) and thickness of 800μm has been developed from basswood.The basswood was treated with formamide to incorporate N/O in the carbon structure,followed by mild KOH activation to ameliorate the pore size and introduce more O species in the carbon matrix.The as-prepared carbon monoliths possess well conductive carbon skeleton,abundant N/O dopant and 3D porous structure,which are favorable for the ion/electron transport and promoting capacitance performance.The self-standing carbon electrode not only exhibits the maximum areal/mass/volumetric specific capacitance of 5037.5 mF cm^(−2)/172.5 F g^(−1)/63.0 F cm^(−3) at 2 mA cm^(−2)(0.05 A g^(−1)),but also displays excellent rate performance with 76%capacitance retention at 500 mA cm^(−2)(12.5 A g^(−1))in a symmetric supercapacitor,surpassing the state-of-art biomass-based thick carbon electrode.The assembled model can power typical electron devices including a fan,a digital watch and a logo made up of 34 light-emitting diodes for a proper period,revealing its practical application potential.This study not only puts forward a commercial-level high active mass-loading electrode from biomass for supercapacitor,but also bridges the gap between the experimental research and practical application.展开更多
Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS)is a commercial polymer for widely industrial applications due to its good mechanical and physical properties.However,there are only countable reports regarding its fibers from elec...Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS)is a commercial polymer for widely industrial applications due to its good mechanical and physical properties.However,there are only countable reports regarding its fibers from electrospinning.Comprehensive investigation on its optimized electrospinning parameters is missing.Herein,ABS fibers with different fiber diameters were produced by electrospinning.The electrospinning conditions,including the solvents,solution concentrations and amounts of different salt additives,have been comprehensively investigated.The morphologies of electrospun ABS fibers are studied by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.Different fiber diameters and coating densities are applied for filtration applications,which showed excellent filtration performance.The filtration efficiency of up to 99%,low pressure drop of<30 Pa,and high filtration quality factor of up to 0.477 are achieved from the electrospun ABS fibers coated on microfibrous polypropylene substrates.In addition,the electrospun ABS fibers also shows good thermal stability and other applications such as oil/water separation.展开更多
Sponges are open cellular materials with numerous interesting features.However,the potential of compartmentalized sponges has not been explored although many new properties and applications could be envisioned.We foun...Sponges are open cellular materials with numerous interesting features.However,the potential of compartmentalized sponges has not been explored although many new properties and applications could be envisioned.We found that compartmentalized fbrous ultraporous polymer sponges with superhydrophobic surfaces could be designed as virtually wall-less reaction containers.With this,for example,the efcient removal of CO_(2) from water and the controlled mineralization of calcium carbonate are possible.Te high porosity(>99%)and superhydrophobicity make these sponges ideal candidates to hold alkanolamine solution for absorbing CO_(2) and exchange gas through the walls of the sponges.Te tubular sponge exhibits a much higher evaporation rate than a glass tube with the same diameter due to the much larger contact area between water and air.Terefore,the spongy reaction container also possesses a much faster adsorption rate,smaller equilibration time and higher efciency for CO_(2) adsorption than the glass tube container.In addition,these tubular sponges are also utilized to precipitate calcium carbonate by ammonium carbonate decomposition,which can control the deposition rates and products by tailoring the porosity and surface chemistry in the future.Tese new sponges provide an ideal basis for numerous new applications,for example,as breathable pipe lines for gas-liquid exchange,slag slurry carbonization,humidifer,and blood enricher.展开更多
Researches on novel natural fibers in polymer-based composites will help promote the invention of novel reinforcement and expand their possible applications.Herein,in this study,novel cellulosic fibers were extracted ...Researches on novel natural fibers in polymer-based composites will help promote the invention of novel reinforcement and expand their possible applications.Herein,in this study,novel cellulosic fibers were extracted from the stem of manau rattan(Calamus manan)by mechanical separation.The chemical,thermal,mechanical and morphological properties of manau rattan fibers were comprehensively analyzed and studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis,thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),single fiber tensile test and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Component analysis re-sults showed that the cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin contents of C.manan fibers were 42wt%,20wt%,and 27wt%,respectively.The surface of the rattan fiber was hydrophilic according to the oxygen/carbon ratio of 0.49.The C.manan has a crystalline index of 48.28%,inducing a max-imum degradation temperature of 332.8°C.This reveals that it can be used as a reinforcement for thermoplastic composites whose operating temperature is below 300°C.The average ten-sile strength can reach(273.28±52.88)MPa,which is beneficial to improve the mechanical properties of rattan fiber reinforced composites.The SEM images displayed the rough surface of the fiber,which helped to enhance the interfacial adhesion between the fibers and matrices in composites.These results indicate the great potential of C.manan fibers as the reinforcement in polymer-based composites.展开更多
Bendable and breathable polymer nanofibre nonwovens with metal-like electrical conductivity are required for lightweight electrodes and electric shielding design with applications in batteries,functional textiles,sens...Bendable and breathable polymer nanofibre nonwovens with metal-like electrical conductivity are required for lightweight electrodes and electric shielding design with applications in batteries,functional textiles,sensors,cars,aerospace,constructions,mobile phones,and medical devices.Metal-like conductivity in polymer nonwovens has not been achieved till now due to the limitation of the existing processing techniques.We show here,the metal-like electrical conductivity of 750,000 S/m in polyacrylonitrile(PAN),poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL)nonwoven using very low content of silver nanowires(AgNW;3.35 vol%).The key to the high conductivity was the homogenous distribution of AgNW in nonwoven made by wet-laid process using short electrospun fibre and AgNW dispersion.Above a threshold of 0.36 vol%AgNW,the conductivity of the nonwoven increased by seven orders of magnitude,which we attribute to the onset of percolation of the AgNW.Our nonwoven-AgNW composites show fast heating and cooling within a few seconds at a voltage of 1.1 V,which is in the range of portable devices.These composites are also breathable and bendable.The electrical conductivity was independent of the bending angle of the composite,which is important for applications mentioned above and would help other scientists to design new conductive materials in the future.展开更多
Soft and wet actuator systems have attracted great attention in some applications,such as assistive technologies for rehabilitation,training and regenerative biomedicines.Three-dimensional(3D)printing methods have rea...Soft and wet actuator systems have attracted great attention in some applications,such as assistive technologies for rehabilitation,training and regenerative biomedicines.Three-dimensional(3D)printing methods have realized the rapid fabrication of complex structures without the need for expensive dies or post processing.In this review,a comprehensive description is presented on stimuli-responsive hydrogels fabricated by light-responsive and extrusion-based 3D printing technologies.Mechanisms of actuations have been introduced based on stimuli types.As the most common method for 3D printed hydrogel actuators,direct-ink-writing has been discussed,including the two printing parameters of resolution and rheology.In addition,applications of 3D printed hydrogel actuators are presented followed by introductions of recent contributions on enhancing the toughness of 3D printed hydrogel and robust design tools,such as finite element analysis and artificial intelligence.展开更多
Lightweight,highly strong and bio-based structural materials remain a long-lasting challenge.Here,inspired by nacre,a lightweight and high mechanical performance cellulosic material was fabricated via a facile and eff...Lightweight,highly strong and bio-based structural materials remain a long-lasting challenge.Here,inspired by nacre,a lightweight and high mechanical performance cellulosic material was fabricated via a facile and effective top-down approach and the resulting material has a high tensile strength of149.21 MPa and toughness of 1.91 MJ/m^(3).More specifically,the natural balsawood(NW) was subjected to a simple chemical treatment,removing most lignin and partial hemicellulose,follow by freeze-drying,forming wood aerogel(WA).The delignification process produced many pores and exposed numerous aligned cellulose nanofibers.Afterwards,the WA absorbed a quantity of moisture and was directly densified to form above high-performance cellulosic material.Such treatment imitates highly ordered"brick-and-mortar" arrangement of nacre,in which water molecules plays the role of mortar and cellulose nanofibrils make the brick part.The lightweight and good mechanical properties make this material promising for new energy car,aerospace,etc.This paper also explains the strengthening mechanism for making biomimetic materials by water molecules-induced hydrogen bonding and will open a new path for designing high-performance bio-based structural materials.展开更多
Stimuli-responsive hydrogels hold an irreplaceable statue in intelligent actuation materials because of their reversible stretchability and excellent biocompatibility.However,the poor mechanical performance and compli...Stimuli-responsive hydrogels hold an irreplaceable statue in intelligent actuation materials because of their reversible stretchability and excellent biocompatibility.However,the poor mechanical performance and complicated fabrication process of anisotropic structures severely limit their further applications.Herein,we report a high-strength thermoresponsive wood-PNIPAM composite hydrogel actuator with complex deformations,through a simple in-situ polymerization.In this composite hydrogel actuator,the anisotropic wood and the thermoresponsive PNIPAM hydrogel hydroel can work together to pro-vide bending and even other complex deformations.Owing to strong interfacial interaction,this actuator perfectly realized the combination of good mechanical properties(∼1.1 MPa)and fast actuation speed(∼0.9 s).In addition,by adjusting the orientation direction of wood,this actuator can achieve various complex deformations.Such composite hydrogel actuator could be a good candidate for intelligent appli-cations,such as intelligent actuators,smart valves,manipulators and even soft robots.展开更多
Natural wood(NW)was treated with sodium chlorite to obtain delignified wood(DW)in this study,then epoxy was impregnated to get transparent wood(TW),and finally the TW was coated with perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane(FAS)...Natural wood(NW)was treated with sodium chlorite to obtain delignified wood(DW)in this study,then epoxy was impregnated to get transparent wood(TW),and finally the TW was coated with perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane(FAS)to acquire hydrophobic and transparent wood(HTW).The hydroxyl group generated by the hydrolysis of the FAS and the hydroxyl group of the epoxy underwent a dehydration condensation reaction to generate a Si-O-C bond,while the FAS molecules were also dehydrated and condensed to form a Si-O-Si bond according to Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Therefore,the mechanical property and thermal stability of the HTW were better than the TW based on their tensile tests and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).Due to the large reduction of hydroxyl in epoxy,the hydrophobicity of the HTW was greatly improved compared with the TW,and their contact angles were 113°and 77°,respectively.The results of scanning electron microscopy(SEM)showed that epoxy was filled in the voids of wood.In addition,the coating of the FAS did not obviously reduce the transmittance,and the transmittance of the TW and HTW was 69%and 67%at 750 nm.All in all,the HTW has potential for application in transparent decoration.展开更多
基金supported by the mutton sheep industry technology system construction project of Shaanxi Province(NYKJ-2021-YL(XN)43).
文摘Background In the modern sheep production systems,the reproductive performance of ewes determines the economic profitability of farming.Revealing the genetic mechanisms underlying differences in the litter size is important for the selection and breeding of highly prolific ewes.Hu sheep,a high-quality Chinese sheep breed,is known for its high fecundity and is often used as a model to study prolificacy traits.In the current study,animals were divided into two groups according to their delivery rates in three consecutive lambing seasons(namely,the high and low reproductive groups with≥3 lambs and one lamb per season,n=3,respectively).The ewes were slaughtered within 12 h of estrus,and unilateral ovarian tissues were collected and analyzed by 10×Genomics single-cell RNA sequencing.Results A total of 5 types of somatic cells were identified and corresponding expression profiles were mapped in the ovaries of each group.Noticeably,the differences in the ovary somatic cell expression profiles between the high and low reproductive groups were mainly clustered in the granulosa cells.Furthermore,four granulosa cell subtypes were identified.GeneSwitches analysis revealed that the abundance of JPH1 expression and the reduction of LOC101112291 expression could lead to different evolutionary directions of the granulosa cells.Additionally,the expression levels of FTH1 and FTL in mural granulosa cells of the highly reproductive group were significantly higher.These genes inhibit necroptosis and ferroptosis of mural granulosa cells,which helps prevent follicular atresia.Conclusions This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the high fecundity of Hu sheep.The differences in gene expression profiles,particularly in the granulosa cells,suggest that these cells play a critical role in female prolificacy.The findings also highlight the importance of genes such as JPH1,LOC101112291,FTH1,and FTL in regulating granulosa cell function and follicular development.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22005147)Dr.You acknowledges the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1600800)+1 种基金the Innovation and Talent Recruitment Base of New Energy Chemistry and Device(B21003)the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage(HUST),Ministry of Education(2021JYBKF03).
文摘The electrocatalytic water splitting technology can generate highpurity hydrogen without emitting carbon dioxide,which is in favor of relieving environmental pollution and energy crisis and achieving carbon neutrality.Electrocatalysts can effectively reduce the reaction energy barrier and increase the reaction efficiency.Facet engineering is considered as a promising strategy in controlling the ratio of desired crystal planes on the surface.Owing to the anisotropy,crystal planes with different orientations usually feature facet-dependent physical and chemical properties,leading to differences in the adsorption energies of oxygen or hydrogen intermediates,and thus exhibit varied electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).In this review,a brief introduction of the basic concepts,fundamental understanding of the reaction mechanisms as well as key evaluating parameters for both HER and OER are provided.The formation mechanisms of the crystal facets are comprehensively overviewed aiming to give scientific theory guides to realize dominant crystal planes.Subsequently,three strategies of selective capping agent,selective etching agent,and coordination modulation to tune crystal planes are comprehensively summarized.Then,we present an overview of significant contributions of facet-engineered catalysts toward HER,OER,and overall water splitting.In particular,we highlight that density functional theory calculations play an indispensable role in unveiling the structure–activity correlation between the crystal plane and catalytic activity.Finally,the remaining challenges in facet-engineered catalysts for HER and OER are provided and future prospects for designing advanced facet-engineered electrocatalysts are discussed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975111,21774053,and 51903123)Advanced Analysis and Testing Center of Nanjing Forestry University。
基金This work was supported by the Natural Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2018C03015)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC1102203)the Medical Health Science and Technology Projects of Zhejiang Province(No.2019KY426).
文摘The high incidence of cardiovascular disease has led to significant demand for synthetic vascular grafts in clinical applications.Anti-proliferation drugs are usually loaded into devices to achieve desirable anti-thrombosis effects after implantation.However,the non-selectiveness of these conventional drugs can lead to the failure of blood vessel reconstruction,leading to potential complications in the long term.To address this issue,an asymmetric membrane was constructed through electro-spinning techniques.The bilayer membrane loaded and effectively released nitric oxide(NO),as hoped,from only one side.Due to the short diffusion distance of NO,it exerted negligible effects on the other side of the membrane,thus allowing selective regulation of different cells on both sides.The released NO boosted the growth of endothelial cells(ECs)over smooth muscle cells(SMCs)-while on the side where NO was absent,SMCs grew into multilayers.The overall structure resembled a native blood vessel,with confluent ECs as the inner layer and layers of SMCs to support it.In addition,the membrane preserved the normal function of ECs,and at the same time did not exacerbate inflammatory responses.By preparing this material type that regulates cell behavior differentially,we describe a new method for its application in the cardiovascular field such as for artificial blood vessels.
文摘Porous carbons with high specific area surfaces are promising electrode materials for supercapacitors.However,their production usually involves complex,time-consuming,and corrosive processes.Hence,a straightforward and effective strategy is presented for producing highly porous carbons via a self-activation procedure utilizing zinc gluconate as the precursor.The volatile nature of zinc at high temperatures gives the carbons a large specific surface area and an abundance of mesopores,which avoids the use of additional activators and templates.Consequently,the obtained porous carbon electrode delivers a satisfactory specific capacitance and outstanding cycling durability of 90.9%after 50000 cycles at 10 A·g^(-1).The symmetric supercapacitors assembled by the optimal electrodes exhibit an acceptable rate capability and a distinguished cycling stability in both aqueous and ionic liquid electrolytes.Accordingly,capacitance retention rates of 77.8%and 85.7%are achieved after 50000 cycles in aqueous alkaline electrolyte and 10000 cycles in ionic liquid electrolyte.Moreover,the symmetric supercapacitors deliver high energy/power densities of 49.8 W·h·kg^(-1)/2477.8 W·kg^(-1) in the Et4NBF4 electrolyte,outperforming the majority of previously reported porous carbon-based symmetric supercapacitors in ionic liquid electrolytes.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901274)13th China Special Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020T130303)+4 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M661854)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(2019K142)Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province(2019)333 Project Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BRA2018337)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX22_1084).
文摘The human skin,an important sensory organ,responds sensitively to external stimuli under various harsh conditions.However,the simultaneous achievement of mechanical/thermal sensitivity and extreme environmental tolerance remains an enormous challenge for skin-like hydrogel-based sensors.In this study,a novel skin-inspired hydrogel–elastomer hybrid with a sandwich structure and strong interfacial bonding for mechanical–thermal multimode sensing applications is developed.An inner-layered ionic hydrogel with a semiinterpenetrating network is prepared using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)as a nanofiller,lithium chloride(LiCl)as an ionic transport conductor,and polyacrylamide(PAM)as a polymer matrix.The outer-layered polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)elastomers fully encapsulating the hydrogel endow the hybrids with improved mechanical properties,intrinsic waterproofness,and long-term water retention(>98%).The silane modification of the hydrogels and elastomers imparts the hybrids with enhanced interfacial bonding strength and integrity.The hybrids exhibit a high transmittance(~91.2%),fatigue resistance,and biocompatibility.The multifunctional sensors assembled from the hybrids realize real-time temperature(temperature coefficient of resistance,approximately1.1%℃^(-1))responsiveness,wide-range strain sensing capability(gauge factor,~3.8)over a wide temperature range(from-20℃ to 60℃),and underwater information transmission.Notably,the dualparameter sensor can recognize the superimposed signals of temperature and strain.The designed prototype sensor arrays can detect the magnitude and spatial distribution of forces and temperatures.The comprehensive performance of the sensor prepared via a facile method is superior to that of most similar sensors previously reported.Finally,this study develops a new material platform for monitoring human health in extreme environments.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51803093 and 51903123)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20180770 and BK20190760)Open Project of Chemistry Department of Qingdao University of Science and Technology(No.QUSTHX201921)。
文摘Biomass-derived porous carbon with developed pore structure is critical to achieving high performance electrode materials.In this work,we report a grape-based honeycomb-like porous carbon(GHPC)prepared by KOH activation and carbonization,followed by N-doping(NGHPC).The obtained NGHPC exhibits a unique honeycomb-like structure with hierarchically interconnected micro/mesopores,and high specific surface area of 1268 m^2/g.As a supercapacitor electrode,the NGPHC electrode exhibits a remarkable specific capacitance of 275 F/g at 0.5 A/g in a three-electrode cell.Moreover,the NGHPC//NGHPC symmetric supercapacitor displays a high energy density of 12.6 Wh/kg,and excellent cycling stability of approximately 95.2% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at 5 A/g.The excellent electrochemical performance of NGHPC is ascribed to its high specific surface area,honeycomb-like structure and high-content of pyrodinic-N(36.29%).It is believed that grape-based carbon materials show great potential as advanced electrode materials for supercapacitors.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22005147)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2020J01419,No.2020J05220).
文摘Developing effective electrodes with commercial-level active mass-loading(>10 mg cm^(−2))is vital for the practical application of supercapacitors.However,high active mass-loading usually requires thick active mass layer,which severely hinders the ion/electron transport and results in poor capacitive performance.Herein,a self-standing biochar electrode with active mass-loading of ca.40 mg cm^(−2) and thickness of 800μm has been developed from basswood.The basswood was treated with formamide to incorporate N/O in the carbon structure,followed by mild KOH activation to ameliorate the pore size and introduce more O species in the carbon matrix.The as-prepared carbon monoliths possess well conductive carbon skeleton,abundant N/O dopant and 3D porous structure,which are favorable for the ion/electron transport and promoting capacitance performance.The self-standing carbon electrode not only exhibits the maximum areal/mass/volumetric specific capacitance of 5037.5 mF cm^(−2)/172.5 F g^(−1)/63.0 F cm^(−3) at 2 mA cm^(−2)(0.05 A g^(−1)),but also displays excellent rate performance with 76%capacitance retention at 500 mA cm^(−2)(12.5 A g^(−1))in a symmetric supercapacitor,surpassing the state-of-art biomass-based thick carbon electrode.The assembled model can power typical electron devices including a fan,a digital watch and a logo made up of 34 light-emitting diodes for a proper period,revealing its practical application potential.This study not only puts forward a commercial-level high active mass-loading electrode from biomass for supercapacitor,but also bridges the gap between the experimental research and practical application.
文摘Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS)is a commercial polymer for widely industrial applications due to its good mechanical and physical properties.However,there are only countable reports regarding its fibers from electrospinning.Comprehensive investigation on its optimized electrospinning parameters is missing.Herein,ABS fibers with different fiber diameters were produced by electrospinning.The electrospinning conditions,including the solvents,solution concentrations and amounts of different salt additives,have been comprehensively investigated.The morphologies of electrospun ABS fibers are studied by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.Different fiber diameters and coating densities are applied for filtration applications,which showed excellent filtration performance.The filtration efficiency of up to 99%,low pressure drop of<30 Pa,and high filtration quality factor of up to 0.477 are achieved from the electrospun ABS fibers coated on microfibrous polypropylene substrates.In addition,the electrospun ABS fibers also shows good thermal stability and other applications such as oil/water separation.
基金We thank the Bavarian Polymer Institute(BPI)for providing access to electron microscopy facilities.Donation of Dimer N by Speciality Coating Systems is kindly acknowledged.This work was supported by the University of Bayreuth,the DFG via Collaborative Research Center SFB 840,the DFG GIP Project,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51803093)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20180770).
文摘Sponges are open cellular materials with numerous interesting features.However,the potential of compartmentalized sponges has not been explored although many new properties and applications could be envisioned.We found that compartmentalized fbrous ultraporous polymer sponges with superhydrophobic surfaces could be designed as virtually wall-less reaction containers.With this,for example,the efcient removal of CO_(2) from water and the controlled mineralization of calcium carbonate are possible.Te high porosity(>99%)and superhydrophobicity make these sponges ideal candidates to hold alkanolamine solution for absorbing CO_(2) and exchange gas through the walls of the sponges.Te tubular sponge exhibits a much higher evaporation rate than a glass tube with the same diameter due to the much larger contact area between water and air.Terefore,the spongy reaction container also possesses a much faster adsorption rate,smaller equilibration time and higher efciency for CO_(2) adsorption than the glass tube container.In addition,these tubular sponges are also utilized to precipitate calcium carbonate by ammonium carbonate decomposition,which can control the deposition rates and products by tailoring the porosity and surface chemistry in the future.Tese new sponges provide an ideal basis for numerous new applications,for example,as breathable pipe lines for gas-liquid exchange,slag slurry carbonization,humidifer,and blood enricher.
基金support by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51803093)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20180770).
文摘Researches on novel natural fibers in polymer-based composites will help promote the invention of novel reinforcement and expand their possible applications.Herein,in this study,novel cellulosic fibers were extracted from the stem of manau rattan(Calamus manan)by mechanical separation.The chemical,thermal,mechanical and morphological properties of manau rattan fibers were comprehensively analyzed and studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis,thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),single fiber tensile test and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Component analysis re-sults showed that the cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin contents of C.manan fibers were 42wt%,20wt%,and 27wt%,respectively.The surface of the rattan fiber was hydrophilic according to the oxygen/carbon ratio of 0.49.The C.manan has a crystalline index of 48.28%,inducing a max-imum degradation temperature of 332.8°C.This reveals that it can be used as a reinforcement for thermoplastic composites whose operating temperature is below 300°C.The average ten-sile strength can reach(273.28±52.88)MPa,which is beneficial to improve the mechanical properties of rattan fiber reinforced composites.The SEM images displayed the rough surface of the fiber,which helped to enhance the interfacial adhesion between the fibers and matrices in composites.These results indicate the great potential of C.manan fibers as the reinforcement in polymer-based composites.
文摘Bendable and breathable polymer nanofibre nonwovens with metal-like electrical conductivity are required for lightweight electrodes and electric shielding design with applications in batteries,functional textiles,sensors,cars,aerospace,constructions,mobile phones,and medical devices.Metal-like conductivity in polymer nonwovens has not been achieved till now due to the limitation of the existing processing techniques.We show here,the metal-like electrical conductivity of 750,000 S/m in polyacrylonitrile(PAN),poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL)nonwoven using very low content of silver nanowires(AgNW;3.35 vol%).The key to the high conductivity was the homogenous distribution of AgNW in nonwoven made by wet-laid process using short electrospun fibre and AgNW dispersion.Above a threshold of 0.36 vol%AgNW,the conductivity of the nonwoven increased by seven orders of magnitude,which we attribute to the onset of percolation of the AgNW.Our nonwoven-AgNW composites show fast heating and cooling within a few seconds at a voltage of 1.1 V,which is in the range of portable devices.These composites are also breathable and bendable.The electrical conductivity was independent of the bending angle of the composite,which is important for applications mentioned above and would help other scientists to design new conductive materials in the future.
基金supported by Changzhou Sci&Tech Program(Nos.CZ20200009,CJ20190017,CE20200089)Qinglan Project of Jiangsu(No.Su 2018-12)+1 种基金Young Fund,Doctoral Fund and Research Team of Changzhou Institute of Industry Technology(Nos.QN201813101011,BS202013101007,ZD201813101003)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20180770)。
文摘Soft and wet actuator systems have attracted great attention in some applications,such as assistive technologies for rehabilitation,training and regenerative biomedicines.Three-dimensional(3D)printing methods have realized the rapid fabrication of complex structures without the need for expensive dies or post processing.In this review,a comprehensive description is presented on stimuli-responsive hydrogels fabricated by light-responsive and extrusion-based 3D printing technologies.Mechanisms of actuations have been introduced based on stimuli types.As the most common method for 3D printed hydrogel actuators,direct-ink-writing has been discussed,including the two printing parameters of resolution and rheology.In addition,applications of 3D printed hydrogel actuators are presented followed by introductions of recent contributions on enhancing the toughness of 3D printed hydrogel and robust design tools,such as finite element analysis and artificial intelligence.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51803093)National Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20180770)。
文摘Lightweight,highly strong and bio-based structural materials remain a long-lasting challenge.Here,inspired by nacre,a lightweight and high mechanical performance cellulosic material was fabricated via a facile and effective top-down approach and the resulting material has a high tensile strength of149.21 MPa and toughness of 1.91 MJ/m^(3).More specifically,the natural balsawood(NW) was subjected to a simple chemical treatment,removing most lignin and partial hemicellulose,follow by freeze-drying,forming wood aerogel(WA).The delignification process produced many pores and exposed numerous aligned cellulose nanofibers.Afterwards,the WA absorbed a quantity of moisture and was directly densified to form above high-performance cellulosic material.Such treatment imitates highly ordered"brick-and-mortar" arrangement of nacre,in which water molecules plays the role of mortar and cellulose nanofibrils make the brick part.The lightweight and good mechanical properties make this material promising for new energy car,aerospace,etc.This paper also explains the strengthening mechanism for making biomimetic materials by water molecules-induced hydrogen bonding and will open a new path for designing high-performance bio-based structural materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51803093,51903123)Natu-ral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20190760)+1 种基金Open Project of Chemistry Department of Qingdao University of Science and Technology(No.QUSTHX201921)Open Fund of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology,China(Nos.WYKF-EIGT2020–3,WYKF-GC2021–1).
文摘Stimuli-responsive hydrogels hold an irreplaceable statue in intelligent actuation materials because of their reversible stretchability and excellent biocompatibility.However,the poor mechanical performance and complicated fabrication process of anisotropic structures severely limit their further applications.Herein,we report a high-strength thermoresponsive wood-PNIPAM composite hydrogel actuator with complex deformations,through a simple in-situ polymerization.In this composite hydrogel actuator,the anisotropic wood and the thermoresponsive PNIPAM hydrogel hydroel can work together to pro-vide bending and even other complex deformations.Owing to strong interfacial interaction,this actuator perfectly realized the combination of good mechanical properties(∼1.1 MPa)and fast actuation speed(∼0.9 s).In addition,by adjusting the orientation direction of wood,this actuator can achieve various complex deformations.Such composite hydrogel actuator could be a good candidate for intelligent appli-cations,such as intelligent actuators,smart valves,manipulators and even soft robots.
基金support by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51803093)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Provinc e(No.BK20180770).
文摘Natural wood(NW)was treated with sodium chlorite to obtain delignified wood(DW)in this study,then epoxy was impregnated to get transparent wood(TW),and finally the TW was coated with perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane(FAS)to acquire hydrophobic and transparent wood(HTW).The hydroxyl group generated by the hydrolysis of the FAS and the hydroxyl group of the epoxy underwent a dehydration condensation reaction to generate a Si-O-C bond,while the FAS molecules were also dehydrated and condensed to form a Si-O-Si bond according to Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Therefore,the mechanical property and thermal stability of the HTW were better than the TW based on their tensile tests and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).Due to the large reduction of hydroxyl in epoxy,the hydrophobicity of the HTW was greatly improved compared with the TW,and their contact angles were 113°and 77°,respectively.The results of scanning electron microscopy(SEM)showed that epoxy was filled in the voids of wood.In addition,the coating of the FAS did not obviously reduce the transmittance,and the transmittance of the TW and HTW was 69%and 67%at 750 nm.All in all,the HTW has potential for application in transparent decoration.
