Caspase-8,first classified as a pro-apoptotic caspase,is considered to have arisen from duplication with caspase-10 and involves multiple immune and inflammatory responses in mammals.However,few are known on the phylo...Caspase-8,first classified as a pro-apoptotic caspase,is considered to have arisen from duplication with caspase-10 and involves multiple immune and inflammatory responses in mammals.However,few are known on the phylogeny and function of caspase-8 in molluscs,one of the largest phyla in marine invertebrates.In this study,we conducted phylogenetic and functional analysis on molluscan caspase-8-like genes.Results indicate that duplication occurred in molluscan caspase-8-like genes,resulting in at least two caspase-8 copies in some groups of bivalves.Additional studies in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas showed different spatio-temporal expression patterns and subcellular localizations of CgCaspase-8-1 and CgCaspase-8-2.While no interaction was observed between CgCaspase-8-2 and CgFADD,the adaptor molecule in apoptosis,yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays suggested the interaction between CgCaspase-8-1 and CgFADD,indicating its pro-apoptotic function.In addition,CgCaspase-8-1 showed interaction with the CARD domain of CgRIG-I.Together with two NF-κB subunits(Cgp105 and CgRel),their transcripts were up-regulated in response to poly(I:C)stimuli,supporting the immune function of both pro-and anti-inflammation.The results provide insight into the evolution and functional diversification of Bivalvia caspase-8 genes.展开更多
Many marine invertebrate phyla are characterized by indirect development.These animals transit from planktonic larvae to benthic spats via settlement and metamorphosis,which contributes to their adaption to the marine...Many marine invertebrate phyla are characterized by indirect development.These animals transit from planktonic larvae to benthic spats via settlement and metamorphosis,which contributes to their adaption to the marine environment.Studying the biological process of metamorphosis is,thus,key to understanding the origin and evolution of indirect development.Although numerous studies have been conducted on the relationship between metamorphosis and the marine environment,microorganisms,and neurohormones,little is known about gene regulation network(GRN)dynamics during metamorphosis.Metamorphosis-competent pediveligers of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas were assayed in this study.By assaying gene expression patterns and open chromatin region changes of different samples of larvae and spats,the dynamics of molecular regulation during metamorphosis were examined.The results indicated significantly different gene regulation networks before,during and post-metamorphosis.Genes encoding membrane-integrated receptors and those related to the remodeling of the nervous system were upregulated before the initiation of metamorphosis.Massive biogenesis,e.g.,of various enzymes and structural proteins,occurred during metamorphosis as inferred from the comprehensive upregulation of the protein synthesis system post epinephrine stimulation.Hierarchical downstream gene networks were then stimulated.Some transcription factors,including homeobox,basic helix–loop–helix and nuclear receptors,showed different temporal response patterns,suggesting a complex GRN during the transition stage.Nuclear receptors,as well as their retinoid X receptor partner,may participate in the GRN controlling oyster metamorphosis,indicating an ancient role of the nuclear receptor regulation system in animal metamorphosis.展开更多
基金Supported by the Science&Technology Innovation Project of Laoshan Laboratory (No. LSKJ202203001)the Center for Ocean Mega-Research of Science+2 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. COMS2019Q11)the GHfund B (No. 20210702)the Taishan Scholars Program
文摘Caspase-8,first classified as a pro-apoptotic caspase,is considered to have arisen from duplication with caspase-10 and involves multiple immune and inflammatory responses in mammals.However,few are known on the phylogeny and function of caspase-8 in molluscs,one of the largest phyla in marine invertebrates.In this study,we conducted phylogenetic and functional analysis on molluscan caspase-8-like genes.Results indicate that duplication occurred in molluscan caspase-8-like genes,resulting in at least two caspase-8 copies in some groups of bivalves.Additional studies in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas showed different spatio-temporal expression patterns and subcellular localizations of CgCaspase-8-1 and CgCaspase-8-2.While no interaction was observed between CgCaspase-8-2 and CgFADD,the adaptor molecule in apoptosis,yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays suggested the interaction between CgCaspase-8-1 and CgFADD,indicating its pro-apoptotic function.In addition,CgCaspase-8-1 showed interaction with the CARD domain of CgRIG-I.Together with two NF-κB subunits(Cgp105 and CgRel),their transcripts were up-regulated in response to poly(I:C)stimuli,supporting the immune function of both pro-and anti-inflammation.The results provide insight into the evolution and functional diversification of Bivalvia caspase-8 genes.
基金supported by the Oceanographic Data Center,IOCAS.We acknowledge financial support from the Science&Technology Innovation Project of Laoshan Laboratory(LSKJ202203001)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong(2022LZGC015),and the Taishan Scholars Program.
文摘Many marine invertebrate phyla are characterized by indirect development.These animals transit from planktonic larvae to benthic spats via settlement and metamorphosis,which contributes to their adaption to the marine environment.Studying the biological process of metamorphosis is,thus,key to understanding the origin and evolution of indirect development.Although numerous studies have been conducted on the relationship between metamorphosis and the marine environment,microorganisms,and neurohormones,little is known about gene regulation network(GRN)dynamics during metamorphosis.Metamorphosis-competent pediveligers of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas were assayed in this study.By assaying gene expression patterns and open chromatin region changes of different samples of larvae and spats,the dynamics of molecular regulation during metamorphosis were examined.The results indicated significantly different gene regulation networks before,during and post-metamorphosis.Genes encoding membrane-integrated receptors and those related to the remodeling of the nervous system were upregulated before the initiation of metamorphosis.Massive biogenesis,e.g.,of various enzymes and structural proteins,occurred during metamorphosis as inferred from the comprehensive upregulation of the protein synthesis system post epinephrine stimulation.Hierarchical downstream gene networks were then stimulated.Some transcription factors,including homeobox,basic helix–loop–helix and nuclear receptors,showed different temporal response patterns,suggesting a complex GRN during the transition stage.Nuclear receptors,as well as their retinoid X receptor partner,may participate in the GRN controlling oyster metamorphosis,indicating an ancient role of the nuclear receptor regulation system in animal metamorphosis.
