Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional(2D)materials have been the focus of research since the discovery of graphene.The light–matter interaction length in 2D materials is,however,much shorter than that in bulk...Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional(2D)materials have been the focus of research since the discovery of graphene.The light–matter interaction length in 2D materials is,however,much shorter than that in bulk materials owing to the atomic nature of 2D materials.Plasmonic nanostructures are usually integrated with 2D materials to enhance the light–matter interactions,offering great opportunities for both fundamental research and technological applications.Nanoparticle-on-mirror(NPo M)structures with extremely confined optical fields are highly desired in this aspect.In addition,2D materials provide a good platform for the study of plasmonic fields with subnanometer resolution and quantum plasmonics down to the characteristic length scale of a single atom.A focused and up-to-date review article is highly desired for a timely summary of the progress in this rapidly growing field and to encourage more research efforts in this direction.In this review,we will first introduce the basic concepts of plasmonic modes in NPo M structures.Interactions between plasmons and quasi-particles in 2D materials,e.g.,excitons and phonons,from weak to strong coupling and potential applications will then be described in detail.Related phenomena in subnanometer metallic gaps separated by 2D materials,such as quantum tunneling,will also be touched.We will finally discuss phenomena and physical processes that have not been understood clearly and provide an outlook for future research.We believe that the hybrid systems of2D materials and NPo M structures will be a promising research field in the future.展开更多
The two-dimensional(2D)Janus monolayers are promising in spintronic device application due to their enhanced magnetic couplings and Curie temperatures.Van der Waals CrCl_(3) monolayer has been experimentally proved to...The two-dimensional(2D)Janus monolayers are promising in spintronic device application due to their enhanced magnetic couplings and Curie temperatures.Van der Waals CrCl_(3) monolayer has been experimentally proved to have an in-plane magnetic easy axis and a low Curie temperature of 17 K,which will limit its application in spintronic devices.In this work,we propose a new Janus monolayer Cr_(2)Cl_(3)S_(3) based on the first principles calculations.The phonon dispersion and elastic constants confirm that Janus monolayer Cr_(2)Cl_(3)S_(3) is dynamically and mechanically stable.Our Monte Carlo simulation results based on magnetic exchange constants reveal that Janus monolayer Cr_(2)Cl_(3)S_(3) is an intrinsic ferromagnetic semiconductor with TC of 180 K,which is much higher than that of CrCl_(3) due to the enhanced ferromagnetic coupling caused by S substitution.Moreover,the magnetic easy axis of Janus Cr_(2)Cl_(3)S_(3) can be tuned to the perpendicular direction with a large magnetic anisotropy energy(MAE)of 142eV/Cr.Furthermore,the effect of biaxial strain on the magnetic property of Janus monolayer Cr_(2)Cl_(3)S_(3) is evaluated.It is found that the Curie temperature is more robust under tensile strain.This work indicates that the Janus monolayer Cr_(2)Cl_(3)S_(3) presents increased Curie temperature and out-of-plane magnetic easy axis,suggesting greater application potential in 2D spintronic devices.展开更多
Objective:Epigenetic abnormalities have a critical role in breast cancer by regulating gene expression;however,the intricate interrelationships and key roles of approximately 400 epigenetic regulators in breast cancer...Objective:Epigenetic abnormalities have a critical role in breast cancer by regulating gene expression;however,the intricate interrelationships and key roles of approximately 400 epigenetic regulators in breast cancer remain elusive.It is important to decipher the comprehensive epigenetic regulatory network in breast cancer cells to identify master epigenetic regulators and potential therapeutic targets.Methods:We employed high-throughput sequencing-based high-throughput screening(HTS^(2))to effectively detect changes in the expression of 2,986 genes following the knockdown of 400 epigenetic regulators.Then,bioinformatics analysis tools were used for the resulting gene expression signatures to investigate the epigenetic regulations in breast cancer.Results:Utilizing these gene expression signatures,we classified the epigenetic regulators into five distinct clusters,each characterized by specific functions.We discovered functional similarities between BAZ2B and SETMAR,as well as CLOCK and CBX3.Moreover,we observed that CLOCK functions in a manner opposite to that of HDAC8 in downstream gene regulation.Notably,we constructed an epigenetic regulatory network based on the gene expression signatures,which revealed 8 distinct modules and identified 10 master epigenetic regulators in breast cancer.Conclusions:Our work deciphered the extensive regulation among hundreds of epigenetic regulators.The identification of 10 master epigenetic regulators offers promising therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment.展开更多
Named entity recognition(NER)is a fundamental task of information extraction(IE),and it has attracted considerable research attention in recent years.The abundant annotated English NER datasets have significantly prom...Named entity recognition(NER)is a fundamental task of information extraction(IE),and it has attracted considerable research attention in recent years.The abundant annotated English NER datasets have significantly promoted the NER research in the English field.By contrast,much fewer efforts are made to the Chinese NER research,especially in the scientific domain,due to the scarcity of Chinese NER datasets.To alleviate this problem,we present aChinese scientificNER dataset–SciCN,which contains entity annotations of titles and abstracts derived from 3,500 scientific papers.We manually annotate a total of 62,059 entities,and these entities are classified into six types.Compared to English scientific NER datasets,SciCN has a larger scale and is more diverse,for it not only contains more paper abstracts but these abstracts are derived from more research fields.To investigate the properties of SciCN and provide baselines for future research,we adapt a number of previous state-of-theart Chinese NER models to evaluate SciCN.Experimental results show that SciCN is more challenging than other Chinese NER datasets.In addition,previous studies have proven the effectiveness of using lexicons to enhance Chinese NER models.Motivated by this fact,we provide a scientific domain-specific lexicon.Validation results demonstrate that our lexicon delivers better performance gains than lexicons of other domains.We hope that the SciCN dataset and the lexicon will enable us to benchmark the NER task regarding the Chinese scientific domain and make progress for future research.The dataset and lexicon are available at:https://github.com/yangjingla/SciCN.git.展开更多
In this study, we intended to construct an ethogram of the toad-headed lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii by classifying and describing its behaviors using the Posture-act-environment （PAE） method. Through direct field...In this study, we intended to construct an ethogram of the toad-headed lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii by classifying and describing its behaviors using the Posture-act-environment （PAE） method. Through direct field observation and video recording, we obtained eight postures, sixty-two acts and ten environments, and thus we formed an ethogram consisting of eighty-three behaviors encoded with PAE. A complete ethogram for a species could provide systematic behavioral information which helps to understand the connections among related behaviors and provides background information for specific behavioral study, hence the present ethogram will be greatly useful for future behavioral studies on P. vlangalii as well as other Phrynocephalus species.展开更多
An exhaustive study has been conducted to investigate span-based models for the joint entity and relation extraction task.However,these models sample a large number of negative entities and negative relations during t...An exhaustive study has been conducted to investigate span-based models for the joint entity and relation extraction task.However,these models sample a large number of negative entities and negative relations during the model training,which are essential but result in grossly imbalanced data distributions and in turn cause suboptimal model performance.In order to address the above issues,we propose a two-phase paradigm for the span-based joint entity and relation extraction,which involves classifying the entities and relations in the first phase,and predicting the types of these entities and relations in the second phase.The two-phase paradigm enables our model to significantly reduce the data distribution gap,including the gap between negative entities and other entities,aswell as the gap between negative relations and other relations.In addition,we make the first attempt at combining entity type and entity distance as global features,which has proven effective,especially for the relation extraction.Experimental results on several datasets demonstrate that the span-based joint extraction model augmented with the two-phase paradigm and the global features consistently outperforms previous state-ofthe-art span-based models for the joint extraction task,establishing a new standard benchmark.Qualitative and quantitative analyses further validate the effectiveness the proposed paradigm and the global features.展开更多
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)protect against diabetic cardiovascular diseases and nephropathy.However,their activity in diabetic retinopathy(DR)remains unclear.Our retrospective cohort study inv...Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)protect against diabetic cardiovascular diseases and nephropathy.However,their activity in diabetic retinopathy(DR)remains unclear.Our retrospective cohort study involving 1626 T2DM patients revealed superior efficacy of GLP-1 RAs in controlling DR compared to other glucose-lowering medications,suggesting their advantage in DR treatment.By single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis and immunostaining,we observed a high expression of GLP-1R in retinal endothelial cells,which was down-regulated under diabetic conditions.Treatment of GLP-1 RAs significantly restored the receptor expression,resulting in an improvement in retinal degeneration,vascular tortuosity,avascular vessels,and vascular integrity in diabetic mice.GO and GSEA analyses further implicated enhanced mitochondrial gene translation and mitochondrial functions by GLP-1 RAs.Additionally,the treatment attenuated STING signaling activation in retinal endothelial cells,which is typically activated by leaked mitochondrial DNA.Expression of STING mRNA was positively correlated to the levels of angiogenic and inflammatory factors in the endothelial cells of human fibrovascular membranes.Further investigation revealed that the cAMP-responsive element binding protein played a role in the GLP-1R signaling pathway on suppression of STING signaling.This study demonstrates a novel role of GLP-1 RAs in the protection of diabetic retinal vasculature by inhibiting STING-elicited inflammatory signals.展开更多
In a smart system, the faults of edge devices directly impact the system’s overall fault. Further, complexity arises when different edge devices provide varying fault data. To study the Smart System Fault Evolution P...In a smart system, the faults of edge devices directly impact the system’s overall fault. Further, complexity arises when different edge devices provide varying fault data. To study the Smart System Fault Evolution Process (SSFEP) under different fault data conditions, an intelligent method for determining the Smart System Fault Probability (SSFP) is proposed. The data types provided by edge devices include the following: (1) only known edge device fault probability;(2) known Edge Device Fault Probability Distribution (EDFPD);(3) known edge device fault number and EDFPD;(4) known factor state of the edge device fault and EDFPD. Moreover, decision methods are proposed for each data case. Transfer Probability (TP) is divided into Continuity Transfer Probability (CTP) and Filterability Transfer Probability (FTP). CTP asserts that a Cause Event (CE) must lead to a Result Event (RE), while FTP requires CF probability to exceed a threshold before RF occurs. These probabilities are used to calculate SSFP. This paper introduces a decision method using the information diffusion principle for low-data SSFP determination, along with an improved method. The method is based on space fault network theory, abstracting SSFEP into a System Fault Evolution Process (SFEP) for research purposes.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong> To investigate the effect of the theory of enabling education on the fine management of patients with internal double J tubes after ureteral stricture. <strong>Methods: &l...<strong>Objective:</strong> To investigate the effect of the theory of enabling education on the fine management of patients with internal double J tubes after ureteral stricture. <strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty patients with built-in double J tubes after ureteral stricture were selected from the urology department of a grade a hospital in Guangzhou. The patients were divided into control group and observation group by random number method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group received refined nursing after surgery, while the observation group received refined nursing including the theory of empowerment education after surgery on the basis of the control group. <strong>Results:</strong> After the intervention, the observation group had a higher standard rate of quality indicators, higher self-efficacy score than the control group (P ≤ 0.05), lower scores of ureteral stent-related symptoms, urinary system symptoms, pain symptoms, total health status, job performance, additional problems and total scores than the control group (P ≤ 0.05), and statistically significant differences were found in the total health status dimension and total scores (P ≤ 0.01). The nursing satisfaction survey, the scores of clinical nursing, health education, psychological counseling and nurse-patient communication were all higher than those in the control group (P ≤ 0.05), and the differences in health education and nurse-patient communication were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.01). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The theory of enabling education can improve patients’ self-nursing level, promote the implementation of refined nursing quantitative indicators and nursing measures, relieve the poor symptoms of ureteral stricture patients, and improve patients’ satisfaction with nursing work.展开更多
Therapies based on stem cell transplants offer significant potential in the field of regenerative medicine. Monitoring the fate of the transplanted stem cells in a timely manner is considered one of the main limitatio...Therapies based on stem cell transplants offer significant potential in the field of regenerative medicine. Monitoring the fate of the transplanted stem cells in a timely manner is considered one of the main limitations for long-standing success of stem cell transplants. Imaging methods that visualize and track stem cells<i> in vivo</i> non-invasively in real time are helpful towards the development of successful cell transplantation techniques. Novel molecular imaging methods which are non-invasive particularly such as MRI have been of great recent interest. Hence, mouse models which are of clinical relevance have been studied by injecting contrast agents used for labelling cells such as super-paramagnetic iron-oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles for cellular imaging. The MR techniques which can be used to generate positive contrast images have been of much relevance recently for tracking of the labelled cells. Particularly when the off-resonance region in the vicinity of the labeled cells is selectively excited while suppressing the signals from the non-labeled regions by the method of spectral dephasing. Thus, tracking of magnetically labelled cells employing positive contrast<i> in vivo</i> MR imaging methods in a burn mouse model in a non-invasive way has been the scope of this study. The consequences have direct implications for monitoring labeled stem cells at some stage in wound healing. We suggest that our approach can be used in clinical trials in molecular and regenerative medicine.展开更多
Torque teno virus(TTV) has been found to be prevalent world-wide in healthy populations and in patients with various diseases, but its etiological role has not yet been determined. Using high-throughput unbiased seque...Torque teno virus(TTV) has been found to be prevalent world-wide in healthy populations and in patients with various diseases, but its etiological role has not yet been determined. Using high-throughput unbiased sequencing to screen for viruses in the serum of a patient with persistent high fever who died of suspected viral infection and prolonged weakness, we identified the complete genome sequence of a TTV(isolate Hebei-1). The genome of TTV-Hebei-1 is 3649 bp in length, encoding four putative open reading frames, and it has a G+C content of 49%. Genomic comparison and a BLASTN search revealed that the assembled genome of TTV-Hebei-1 represented a novel isolate, with a genome sequence that was highly heterologous to the sequences of other reported TTV strains. A phylogenetic tree constructed using the complete genome sequence showed that TTV-Hebei-1 and an uncharacterized Taiwan Residents strain, TW53A37, constitute a new TTV genotype. The patient was strongly suspected of carrying a viral infection and died eventually without any other possible causes being apparent. No virus other than the novel TTV was identified in his serum sample. Although a direct causal link between the novel TTV genotype infection and the patient's disease could not be confirmed, the findings suggest that surveillance of this novel TTV genotype is necessary and that its role in disease deserves to be explored.展开更多
We presented a passively Q-switched(PQS) diode-pumped c-cut Tm, Ho:LuVO_4 laser with a black phosphorus saturable absorber for the first time.Under PQS mode, an average output power of 0.86 W and a peak power of 2.32 ...We presented a passively Q-switched(PQS) diode-pumped c-cut Tm, Ho:LuVO_4 laser with a black phosphorus saturable absorber for the first time.Under PQS mode, an average output power of 0.86 W and a peak power of 2.32 W were acquired from the Tm, Ho:LuVO4 laser with the pump power of 14.55 W, corresponding to a pulse width of 2.89 μs,a pulse repetition rate of 71.84 kHz, and a pulse energy of about 6.70 μJ.展开更多
Rodents have been widely used in the production of cerebral ischemia models. However, successful therapies have been proven on experimental rodent stroke model, and they have often failed to be effective when tested c...Rodents have been widely used in the production of cerebral ischemia models. However, successful therapies have been proven on experimental rodent stroke model, and they have often failed to be effective when tested clinically. Therefore, nonhuman primates were recommended as the ideal alternatives, owing to their similarities with the human cerebrovascular system, brain metabolism, grey to white matter ratio and even their rich behavioral repertoire. The present review is a thorough summary of ten methods that establish nonhuman primate models of focal cerebral ischemia; electrocoagulation, endothelin-1-induced occlusion, microvascular clip occlusion, autologous blood clot embolization, balloon inflation, microcatheter embolization, coil embolization, surgical suture embolization, suture, and photochemical induction methods. This review addresses the advantages and disadvantages of each method, as well as precautions for each model, compared nonhuman primates with rodents, different species of nonhuman primates and different modeling methods. Finally it discusses various factors that need to be considered when modelling and the method of evaluation after modelling. These are critical for understanding their respective strengths and weaknesses and underlie the selection of the optimum model.展开更多
Currently, Nanjing South Railway Stationplanning to implement slate roof renovation is integratingsolar cell modules into traditional roof materials to generateclean energy. Copper–indium–gallium diselenide（CuIn1-x...Currently, Nanjing South Railway Stationplanning to implement slate roof renovation is integratingsolar cell modules into traditional roof materials to generateclean energy. Copper–indium–gallium diselenide（CuIn1-xGaxSe2, CIGS） is one of the most promisingmaterials for thin film solar cells. Cu（In1-xGax）Se2 filmswere deposited by a one-step radio frequency magnetronsputtering process at low substrate temperature. X-raydiffraction, Raman, scanning electron microscopy, energydispersiveX-ray spectroscopy, and electrical and opticalmeasurements were carried out to investigate the depositedfilms. The results reveal that a temperature of 320 C iscritical for near-stoichiometric CIGS films with uniformsurface morphology. Cu-rich phase particulates are foundat less than this temperature. The sample deposited at380 C gives well-crystalline single-phase CIGS film.Furthermore, the electrical and optical performances of theabsorber layer are improved significantly with theincreasing substrate temperature.展开更多
Earth-abundant seawater resource has become an attractive candidate to produce hydrogen from electrolysis,which is of great significance to realize hydrogen economy and carbon neutrality.Nonetheless,developing highly ...Earth-abundant seawater resource has become an attractive candidate to produce hydrogen from electrolysis,which is of great significance to realize hydrogen economy and carbon neutrality.Nonetheless,developing highly active and stable electrocatalysts to meet the needs of highly effective seawater splitting is still challenging for the sluggish oxygen evolution dynamics and the existed competitive reaction of chlorine evolution reaction(CER).To this end,some newly-developed electrocatalysts with superior performance,such as noble metals,alloy,transition metals,oxides,carbides,nitrides,phosphides,and so on,have been synthesized for the seawater splitting in recent years.This review starts from the historical background and fundamental mechanisms,and summarizes the most recent progress in the development of seawater electrolysis technologies.Some existing issues in the process of seawater electrolysis are enumerated and the corresponded solutions are presented.The future of hydrogen production from seawater electrolysis,especially the design and synthesis of novel catalysts for seawater electrolysis,is prospected.展开更多
To study the effects of seed metering on seeding performance under different motion parameters,a simulation model for a spoonwheel type seeder was established.A seed meter was tested by using EDEM(Engineering Discrete...To study the effects of seed metering on seeding performance under different motion parameters,a simulation model for a spoonwheel type seeder was established.A seed meter was tested by using EDEM(Engineering Discrete Element Method)software to simulate its working process at different speeds and tilt angles.The trajectories of individual cottonseeds in the seed-metering device were obtained,concurrently,the stress trend in the grain group was determined as a function of time.The simulation results suggest that at larger speeds,the metering index of the seed meter gradually decreases,while the index and the missing index gradually increase.As the tilt angle increased,the multiples index and missing index gradually decreased,while the multiples index gradually increased.When the seed meter speed reached 50 r/min and the tilt angle was 15°,the seed meter had a relatively good working performance with a seed spacing acceptance index of 92.59%,a multiples index of 1.85%,and a missing rate index of 5.56%.The seed meter was tested on a bench by using a JPS-12 performance-tester bench.At the aforementioned speed and angle,the coefficient of variation for the cottonseed spacing was 2.1%.The field trial results indicated that the multiples and the missing rates were higher than those for the tester bench but still met a passing rate of more than 90%.The coefficient of variation for the seed spacing was less than 10%,suggesting that the design could be used for field sowing.The resulting seeding uniformity was higher under these conditions,which indicates that the seed meter has a better working performance and the bench has a good seeding effect.展开更多
BACKGROUND： While brain-imaging studies in healthy adults have indicated that multiple cortical regions are involved in swallowing, these functional imaging techniques have not been extensively applied to the complet...BACKGROUND： While brain-imaging studies in healthy adults have indicated that multiple cortical regions are involved in swallowing, these functional imaging techniques have not been extensively applied to the complete understand neurophysiology of swallowing in China. A full understanding of normal swallowing neurophysiology is important for improving functional outcomes for dysphagia due to neurologic disorders or damage with increasing age. Thus the interpretations of the functional contributions of various brain areas in swallowing should be scientifically researched. OBJECTIVE： To identify the activation and characteristic of swallowing center in healthy adults using functional magnetic resonance imaging. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An uncontrolled neuroimaging study was performed at the Outpatient Clinic, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University between March and November 2008. PARTICIPANTS： Ten healthy right-handed volunteers, aged over 20 years with a mean age of （34.2 ＋ 8.1） years, a range of 25-45 years and including five males and five females participated. A medical history was obtained from all potential subjects and all subjects were free of systemic diseases and neurological disorders. METHODS： The healthy volunteers were examined with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging of blood oxygenation level-dependent while laryngeal swallow-related movements were recorded. Subjects were scanned during voluntary saliva swallowing and water bolus swallowing activation tasks. Data was processed using the General Linear Model. A voxel by voxel group comparison was performed using random effect analysis. Any cluster with a corrected P 〈 0.05 for spatial extent was considered significant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The cerebral cortical activation maps of voluntary swallowing of saliva and swallowing of water bolus in healthy adults were observed. RESULTS： A multifocal cortical representation of swallowing was in the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, insula, anterior cingulate gyrus, thalamus, basal ganglia and cerebellum, in a bilateral and asymmetrical manner, predominantly on the left hemisphere in the volunteers （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Activation of the cortex during normal swallowing tasks may be functionally linked to basal nuclei, thalamus, and cerebellum, greatly appearing in the left hemisphere.展开更多
Invoice tax affairs sharing, which is based on the relying on invoice tax information management system, with the aims of avoiding the risk of tax affairs, optimizing the organizational structure, standardizing the pr...Invoice tax affairs sharing, which is based on the relying on invoice tax information management system, with the aims of avoiding the risk of tax affairs, optimizing the organizational structure, standardizing the process, improving the efficiency, reducing the operating costs and supporting the planning of tax affairs, is dedicated to providing internal and external customers with specialized, centralized and shareable management services of invoice tax affairs.展开更多
This paper mainly explores the impact of export market diversification as an important measure to deal with trade friction on firms total factor productivity.Firstly,this article focuses on the theoretical analysis of...This paper mainly explores the impact of export market diversification as an important measure to deal with trade friction on firms total factor productivity.Firstly,this article focuses on the theoretical analysis of the impact mechanism,including risk diversification,reversal effect and spillover effect.Based on the sample data of Chinese manufacturing export enterprises from 2000 to 2007,this paper conducts an empirical test on the relationship between export market diversification and total factor productivity.The result indicates that export market diversification has a significant positive effect on the total factor productivity of enterprises.After considering the endogenous problem,by controlling the fixed effects,using the two-stage least square method and changing the duration of the sample for robustness analysis,the results are still consistent.In addition,the role of diversification policy in total factor productivity presents heterogeneous characteristics in terms of different types of enterprise ownership,export intensity,industry competition,trade methods,and the development degree of exporting market.Accordingly,this paper puts forward corresponding policy recommendations.展开更多
Coronaviruses(CoVs)are a group of related enveloped RNA viruses that have severe consequences in a wide variety of animals by causing respiratory,enteric or systemic diseases.Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)is an...Coronaviruses(CoVs)are a group of related enveloped RNA viruses that have severe consequences in a wide variety of animals by causing respiratory,enteric or systemic diseases.Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)is an economically important CoV distributed worldwide that causes diarrhea in pigs.nsp14 is a nonstructural protein of PEDV that is involved in regulation of innate immunity and viral replication.However,the function and mechanism by which nsp14 modulates and manipulates host immune responses remain largely unknown.Here,we report that PEDV nsp14 is an NF-κB pathway antagonist.Overexpression PEDV nsp14 protein remarkably decreases SeV-,poly(I:C)-and TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation.Meanwhile,expression of proinflammatory cytokines is suppressed by nspl4.nsp14 inhibits the phosphorylation of IKKs by interacting with IKKs and p65.Furthermore,nsp14 suppresses TNF-α-induced phosphorylation and nuclear import of p65.Overexpression nsp14 considerably increases PEDV replication.These results suggest a novel mechanism employed by PEDV to suppress the host antiviral response,providing insights that can guide the development of antivirals against CoVs.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62205183)the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(ANR/RGC,Ref.No.A-CUHK404/21).
文摘Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional(2D)materials have been the focus of research since the discovery of graphene.The light–matter interaction length in 2D materials is,however,much shorter than that in bulk materials owing to the atomic nature of 2D materials.Plasmonic nanostructures are usually integrated with 2D materials to enhance the light–matter interactions,offering great opportunities for both fundamental research and technological applications.Nanoparticle-on-mirror(NPo M)structures with extremely confined optical fields are highly desired in this aspect.In addition,2D materials provide a good platform for the study of plasmonic fields with subnanometer resolution and quantum plasmonics down to the characteristic length scale of a single atom.A focused and up-to-date review article is highly desired for a timely summary of the progress in this rapidly growing field and to encourage more research efforts in this direction.In this review,we will first introduce the basic concepts of plasmonic modes in NPo M structures.Interactions between plasmons and quasi-particles in 2D materials,e.g.,excitons and phonons,from weak to strong coupling and potential applications will then be described in detail.Related phenomena in subnanometer metallic gaps separated by 2D materials,such as quantum tunneling,will also be touched.We will finally discuss phenomena and physical processes that have not been understood clearly and provide an outlook for future research.We believe that the hybrid systems of2D materials and NPo M structures will be a promising research field in the future.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12104234)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant Nos.BK20210578,20KJB140004,and JSSCBS20210513)+4 种基金Y Pu acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61874060,U1932159,and 61911530220)Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Program,the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant Nos.BK20181388 and 19KJA180007)the Overseas Researcher Innovation Program of Nanjing,NUPTSF(Grant No.NY217118)F Li Acknowledges the Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.21KJD140005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12304085).
文摘The two-dimensional(2D)Janus monolayers are promising in spintronic device application due to their enhanced magnetic couplings and Curie temperatures.Van der Waals CrCl_(3) monolayer has been experimentally proved to have an in-plane magnetic easy axis and a low Curie temperature of 17 K,which will limit its application in spintronic devices.In this work,we propose a new Janus monolayer Cr_(2)Cl_(3)S_(3) based on the first principles calculations.The phonon dispersion and elastic constants confirm that Janus monolayer Cr_(2)Cl_(3)S_(3) is dynamically and mechanically stable.Our Monte Carlo simulation results based on magnetic exchange constants reveal that Janus monolayer Cr_(2)Cl_(3)S_(3) is an intrinsic ferromagnetic semiconductor with TC of 180 K,which is much higher than that of CrCl_(3) due to the enhanced ferromagnetic coupling caused by S substitution.Moreover,the magnetic easy axis of Janus Cr_(2)Cl_(3)S_(3) can be tuned to the perpendicular direction with a large magnetic anisotropy energy(MAE)of 142eV/Cr.Furthermore,the effect of biaxial strain on the magnetic property of Janus monolayer Cr_(2)Cl_(3)S_(3) is evaluated.It is found that the Curie temperature is more robust under tensile strain.This work indicates that the Janus monolayer Cr_(2)Cl_(3)S_(3) presents increased Curie temperature and out-of-plane magnetic easy axis,suggesting greater application potential in 2D spintronic devices.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82172723)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan(Grant Nos.2023NSFSC1828 and 2022NSFSC1289)+2 种基金the“Xinglin Scholar”Scientific Research Promotion Plan of Chengdu University of Transitional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.BSH2021003)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.ZYYCXTD-D-202209)the Research Funding of Department of Science and Technology of Qinghai Province(Grant No.2023-ZJ-729)。
文摘Objective:Epigenetic abnormalities have a critical role in breast cancer by regulating gene expression;however,the intricate interrelationships and key roles of approximately 400 epigenetic regulators in breast cancer remain elusive.It is important to decipher the comprehensive epigenetic regulatory network in breast cancer cells to identify master epigenetic regulators and potential therapeutic targets.Methods:We employed high-throughput sequencing-based high-throughput screening(HTS^(2))to effectively detect changes in the expression of 2,986 genes following the knockdown of 400 epigenetic regulators.Then,bioinformatics analysis tools were used for the resulting gene expression signatures to investigate the epigenetic regulations in breast cancer.Results:Utilizing these gene expression signatures,we classified the epigenetic regulators into five distinct clusters,each characterized by specific functions.We discovered functional similarities between BAZ2B and SETMAR,as well as CLOCK and CBX3.Moreover,we observed that CLOCK functions in a manner opposite to that of HDAC8 in downstream gene regulation.Notably,we constructed an epigenetic regulatory network based on the gene expression signatures,which revealed 8 distinct modules and identified 10 master epigenetic regulators in breast cancer.Conclusions:Our work deciphered the extensive regulation among hundreds of epigenetic regulators.The identification of 10 master epigenetic regulators offers promising therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment.
基金This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program[2020YFB1006302].
文摘Named entity recognition(NER)is a fundamental task of information extraction(IE),and it has attracted considerable research attention in recent years.The abundant annotated English NER datasets have significantly promoted the NER research in the English field.By contrast,much fewer efforts are made to the Chinese NER research,especially in the scientific domain,due to the scarcity of Chinese NER datasets.To alleviate this problem,we present aChinese scientificNER dataset–SciCN,which contains entity annotations of titles and abstracts derived from 3,500 scientific papers.We manually annotate a total of 62,059 entities,and these entities are classified into six types.Compared to English scientific NER datasets,SciCN has a larger scale and is more diverse,for it not only contains more paper abstracts but these abstracts are derived from more research fields.To investigate the properties of SciCN and provide baselines for future research,we adapt a number of previous state-of-theart Chinese NER models to evaluate SciCN.Experimental results show that SciCN is more challenging than other Chinese NER datasets.In addition,previous studies have proven the effectiveness of using lexicons to enhance Chinese NER models.Motivated by this fact,we provide a scientific domain-specific lexicon.Validation results demonstrate that our lexicon delivers better performance gains than lexicons of other domains.We hope that the SciCN dataset and the lexicon will enable us to benchmark the NER task regarding the Chinese scientific domain and make progress for future research.The dataset and lexicon are available at:https://github.com/yangjingla/SciCN.git.
基金supported by agrant of the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Yuezhao WANG(No.31071892)
文摘In this study, we intended to construct an ethogram of the toad-headed lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii by classifying and describing its behaviors using the Posture-act-environment （PAE） method. Through direct field observation and video recording, we obtained eight postures, sixty-two acts and ten environments, and thus we formed an ethogram consisting of eighty-three behaviors encoded with PAE. A complete ethogram for a species could provide systematic behavioral information which helps to understand the connections among related behaviors and provides background information for specific behavioral study, hence the present ethogram will be greatly useful for future behavioral studies on P. vlangalii as well as other Phrynocephalus species.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program[2020YFB1006302].
文摘An exhaustive study has been conducted to investigate span-based models for the joint entity and relation extraction task.However,these models sample a large number of negative entities and negative relations during the model training,which are essential but result in grossly imbalanced data distributions and in turn cause suboptimal model performance.In order to address the above issues,we propose a two-phase paradigm for the span-based joint entity and relation extraction,which involves classifying the entities and relations in the first phase,and predicting the types of these entities and relations in the second phase.The two-phase paradigm enables our model to significantly reduce the data distribution gap,including the gap between negative entities and other entities,aswell as the gap between negative relations and other relations.In addition,we make the first attempt at combining entity type and entity distance as global features,which has proven effective,especially for the relation extraction.Experimental results on several datasets demonstrate that the span-based joint extraction model augmented with the two-phase paradigm and the global features consistently outperforms previous state-ofthe-art span-based models for the joint extraction task,establishing a new standard benchmark.Qualitative and quantitative analyses further validate the effectiveness the proposed paradigm and the global features.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82000782,82270886,82070811)the Foster Program for NSFC at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University(2020G2RPYQN11,China)+3 种基金China International Medical Foundation(2018-N-01)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangzhou City(2024A03J0002,China)Key Area R&D Program of Guangdong Province(2019B020227003,China)Sci-Tech Research Development Program of Guangzhou City(202201020589,China).
文摘Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)protect against diabetic cardiovascular diseases and nephropathy.However,their activity in diabetic retinopathy(DR)remains unclear.Our retrospective cohort study involving 1626 T2DM patients revealed superior efficacy of GLP-1 RAs in controlling DR compared to other glucose-lowering medications,suggesting their advantage in DR treatment.By single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis and immunostaining,we observed a high expression of GLP-1R in retinal endothelial cells,which was down-regulated under diabetic conditions.Treatment of GLP-1 RAs significantly restored the receptor expression,resulting in an improvement in retinal degeneration,vascular tortuosity,avascular vessels,and vascular integrity in diabetic mice.GO and GSEA analyses further implicated enhanced mitochondrial gene translation and mitochondrial functions by GLP-1 RAs.Additionally,the treatment attenuated STING signaling activation in retinal endothelial cells,which is typically activated by leaked mitochondrial DNA.Expression of STING mRNA was positively correlated to the levels of angiogenic and inflammatory factors in the endothelial cells of human fibrovascular membranes.Further investigation revealed that the cAMP-responsive element binding protein played a role in the GLP-1R signaling pathway on suppression of STING signaling.This study demonstrates a novel role of GLP-1 RAs in the protection of diabetic retinal vasculature by inhibiting STING-elicited inflammatory signals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52004120).
文摘In a smart system, the faults of edge devices directly impact the system’s overall fault. Further, complexity arises when different edge devices provide varying fault data. To study the Smart System Fault Evolution Process (SSFEP) under different fault data conditions, an intelligent method for determining the Smart System Fault Probability (SSFP) is proposed. The data types provided by edge devices include the following: (1) only known edge device fault probability;(2) known Edge Device Fault Probability Distribution (EDFPD);(3) known edge device fault number and EDFPD;(4) known factor state of the edge device fault and EDFPD. Moreover, decision methods are proposed for each data case. Transfer Probability (TP) is divided into Continuity Transfer Probability (CTP) and Filterability Transfer Probability (FTP). CTP asserts that a Cause Event (CE) must lead to a Result Event (RE), while FTP requires CF probability to exceed a threshold before RF occurs. These probabilities are used to calculate SSFP. This paper introduces a decision method using the information diffusion principle for low-data SSFP determination, along with an improved method. The method is based on space fault network theory, abstracting SSFEP into a System Fault Evolution Process (SFEP) for research purposes.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong> To investigate the effect of the theory of enabling education on the fine management of patients with internal double J tubes after ureteral stricture. <strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty patients with built-in double J tubes after ureteral stricture were selected from the urology department of a grade a hospital in Guangzhou. The patients were divided into control group and observation group by random number method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group received refined nursing after surgery, while the observation group received refined nursing including the theory of empowerment education after surgery on the basis of the control group. <strong>Results:</strong> After the intervention, the observation group had a higher standard rate of quality indicators, higher self-efficacy score than the control group (P ≤ 0.05), lower scores of ureteral stent-related symptoms, urinary system symptoms, pain symptoms, total health status, job performance, additional problems and total scores than the control group (P ≤ 0.05), and statistically significant differences were found in the total health status dimension and total scores (P ≤ 0.01). The nursing satisfaction survey, the scores of clinical nursing, health education, psychological counseling and nurse-patient communication were all higher than those in the control group (P ≤ 0.05), and the differences in health education and nurse-patient communication were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.01). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The theory of enabling education can improve patients’ self-nursing level, promote the implementation of refined nursing quantitative indicators and nursing measures, relieve the poor symptoms of ureteral stricture patients, and improve patients’ satisfaction with nursing work.
文摘Therapies based on stem cell transplants offer significant potential in the field of regenerative medicine. Monitoring the fate of the transplanted stem cells in a timely manner is considered one of the main limitations for long-standing success of stem cell transplants. Imaging methods that visualize and track stem cells<i> in vivo</i> non-invasively in real time are helpful towards the development of successful cell transplantation techniques. Novel molecular imaging methods which are non-invasive particularly such as MRI have been of great recent interest. Hence, mouse models which are of clinical relevance have been studied by injecting contrast agents used for labelling cells such as super-paramagnetic iron-oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles for cellular imaging. The MR techniques which can be used to generate positive contrast images have been of much relevance recently for tracking of the labelled cells. Particularly when the off-resonance region in the vicinity of the labeled cells is selectively excited while suppressing the signals from the non-labeled regions by the method of spectral dephasing. Thus, tracking of magnetically labelled cells employing positive contrast<i> in vivo</i> MR imaging methods in a burn mouse model in a non-invasive way has been the scope of this study. The consequences have direct implications for monitoring labeled stem cells at some stage in wound healing. We suggest that our approach can be used in clinical trials in molecular and regenerative medicine.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81072350)the National Hi-Tech Research and Development (863) Program of China (No. 2012AA022-003)+2 种基金the China Mega-Project on Major Drug Development (No. 2011ZX09401-023)the China Mega-Project on Infectious Disease Prevention (No. 2013ZX10004-605, No. 2013ZX10004-607, No. 2013ZX10004-217, and No. 2011ZX10004-001) the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and BioSecurity Program (No. SKLPBS1113)
文摘Torque teno virus(TTV) has been found to be prevalent world-wide in healthy populations and in patients with various diseases, but its etiological role has not yet been determined. Using high-throughput unbiased sequencing to screen for viruses in the serum of a patient with persistent high fever who died of suspected viral infection and prolonged weakness, we identified the complete genome sequence of a TTV(isolate Hebei-1). The genome of TTV-Hebei-1 is 3649 bp in length, encoding four putative open reading frames, and it has a G+C content of 49%. Genomic comparison and a BLASTN search revealed that the assembled genome of TTV-Hebei-1 represented a novel isolate, with a genome sequence that was highly heterologous to the sequences of other reported TTV strains. A phylogenetic tree constructed using the complete genome sequence showed that TTV-Hebei-1 and an uncharacterized Taiwan Residents strain, TW53A37, constitute a new TTV genotype. The patient was strongly suspected of carrying a viral infection and died eventually without any other possible causes being apparent. No virus other than the novel TTV was identified in his serum sample. Although a direct causal link between the novel TTV genotype infection and the patient's disease could not be confirmed, the findings suggest that surveillance of this novel TTV genotype is necessary and that its role in disease deserves to be explored.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61775053,51572053,51777046,and 61705140)
文摘We presented a passively Q-switched(PQS) diode-pumped c-cut Tm, Ho:LuVO_4 laser with a black phosphorus saturable absorber for the first time.Under PQS mode, an average output power of 0.86 W and a peak power of 2.32 W were acquired from the Tm, Ho:LuVO4 laser with the pump power of 14.55 W, corresponding to a pulse width of 2.89 μs,a pulse repetition rate of 71.84 kHz, and a pulse energy of about 6.70 μJ.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81000852 and 81301677the AHA Award,No.17POST32530004+1 种基金the Supporting Project of Science & Technology of Sichuan Province of China,No.2012SZ0140the Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China,No.201022896
文摘Rodents have been widely used in the production of cerebral ischemia models. However, successful therapies have been proven on experimental rodent stroke model, and they have often failed to be effective when tested clinically. Therefore, nonhuman primates were recommended as the ideal alternatives, owing to their similarities with the human cerebrovascular system, brain metabolism, grey to white matter ratio and even their rich behavioral repertoire. The present review is a thorough summary of ten methods that establish nonhuman primate models of focal cerebral ischemia; electrocoagulation, endothelin-1-induced occlusion, microvascular clip occlusion, autologous blood clot embolization, balloon inflation, microcatheter embolization, coil embolization, surgical suture embolization, suture, and photochemical induction methods. This review addresses the advantages and disadvantages of each method, as well as precautions for each model, compared nonhuman primates with rodents, different species of nonhuman primates and different modeling methods. Finally it discusses various factors that need to be considered when modelling and the method of evaluation after modelling. These are critical for understanding their respective strengths and weaknesses and underlie the selection of the optimum model.
基金financial supports of the Foundation of National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program (No. 2011GB112001)the Program of International S&T Cooperation (No. 2013DFA51050)+1 种基金the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China (No. 51271155, 51377138)the Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (Nos. 2011JY0031 and 2011JY0130)
文摘Currently, Nanjing South Railway Stationplanning to implement slate roof renovation is integratingsolar cell modules into traditional roof materials to generateclean energy. Copper–indium–gallium diselenide（CuIn1-xGaxSe2, CIGS） is one of the most promisingmaterials for thin film solar cells. Cu（In1-xGax）Se2 filmswere deposited by a one-step radio frequency magnetronsputtering process at low substrate temperature. X-raydiffraction, Raman, scanning electron microscopy, energydispersiveX-ray spectroscopy, and electrical and opticalmeasurements were carried out to investigate the depositedfilms. The results reveal that a temperature of 320 C iscritical for near-stoichiometric CIGS films with uniformsurface morphology. Cu-rich phase particulates are foundat less than this temperature. The sample deposited at380 C gives well-crystalline single-phase CIGS film.Furthermore, the electrical and optical performances of theabsorber layer are improved significantly with theincreasing substrate temperature.
基金supported by ZiQoo Chemical Co.Ltd.,Japan,and Hydrogen Energy Systems Society of Japan.Feng and Chen gratefully acknowledge the State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council,China.
文摘Earth-abundant seawater resource has become an attractive candidate to produce hydrogen from electrolysis,which is of great significance to realize hydrogen economy and carbon neutrality.Nonetheless,developing highly active and stable electrocatalysts to meet the needs of highly effective seawater splitting is still challenging for the sluggish oxygen evolution dynamics and the existed competitive reaction of chlorine evolution reaction(CER).To this end,some newly-developed electrocatalysts with superior performance,such as noble metals,alloy,transition metals,oxides,carbides,nitrides,phosphides,and so on,have been synthesized for the seawater splitting in recent years.This review starts from the historical background and fundamental mechanisms,and summarizes the most recent progress in the development of seawater electrolysis technologies.Some existing issues in the process of seawater electrolysis are enumerated and the corresponded solutions are presented.The future of hydrogen production from seawater electrolysis,especially the design and synthesis of novel catalysts for seawater electrolysis,is prospected.
文摘To study the effects of seed metering on seeding performance under different motion parameters,a simulation model for a spoonwheel type seeder was established.A seed meter was tested by using EDEM(Engineering Discrete Element Method)software to simulate its working process at different speeds and tilt angles.The trajectories of individual cottonseeds in the seed-metering device were obtained,concurrently,the stress trend in the grain group was determined as a function of time.The simulation results suggest that at larger speeds,the metering index of the seed meter gradually decreases,while the index and the missing index gradually increase.As the tilt angle increased,the multiples index and missing index gradually decreased,while the multiples index gradually increased.When the seed meter speed reached 50 r/min and the tilt angle was 15°,the seed meter had a relatively good working performance with a seed spacing acceptance index of 92.59%,a multiples index of 1.85%,and a missing rate index of 5.56%.The seed meter was tested on a bench by using a JPS-12 performance-tester bench.At the aforementioned speed and angle,the coefficient of variation for the cottonseed spacing was 2.1%.The field trial results indicated that the multiples and the missing rates were higher than those for the tester bench but still met a passing rate of more than 90%.The coefficient of variation for the seed spacing was less than 10%,suggesting that the design could be used for field sowing.The resulting seeding uniformity was higher under these conditions,which indicates that the seed meter has a better working performance and the bench has a good seeding effect.
基金Supported by:the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30625024Supported by:the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30728017+1 种基金Supported by:the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30525030National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program),No. 2007CB512305/1
文摘BACKGROUND： While brain-imaging studies in healthy adults have indicated that multiple cortical regions are involved in swallowing, these functional imaging techniques have not been extensively applied to the complete understand neurophysiology of swallowing in China. A full understanding of normal swallowing neurophysiology is important for improving functional outcomes for dysphagia due to neurologic disorders or damage with increasing age. Thus the interpretations of the functional contributions of various brain areas in swallowing should be scientifically researched. OBJECTIVE： To identify the activation and characteristic of swallowing center in healthy adults using functional magnetic resonance imaging. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An uncontrolled neuroimaging study was performed at the Outpatient Clinic, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University between March and November 2008. PARTICIPANTS： Ten healthy right-handed volunteers, aged over 20 years with a mean age of （34.2 ＋ 8.1） years, a range of 25-45 years and including five males and five females participated. A medical history was obtained from all potential subjects and all subjects were free of systemic diseases and neurological disorders. METHODS： The healthy volunteers were examined with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging of blood oxygenation level-dependent while laryngeal swallow-related movements were recorded. Subjects were scanned during voluntary saliva swallowing and water bolus swallowing activation tasks. Data was processed using the General Linear Model. A voxel by voxel group comparison was performed using random effect analysis. Any cluster with a corrected P 〈 0.05 for spatial extent was considered significant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The cerebral cortical activation maps of voluntary swallowing of saliva and swallowing of water bolus in healthy adults were observed. RESULTS： A multifocal cortical representation of swallowing was in the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, insula, anterior cingulate gyrus, thalamus, basal ganglia and cerebellum, in a bilateral and asymmetrical manner, predominantly on the left hemisphere in the volunteers （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Activation of the cortex during normal swallowing tasks may be functionally linked to basal nuclei, thalamus, and cerebellum, greatly appearing in the left hemisphere.
文摘Invoice tax affairs sharing, which is based on the relying on invoice tax information management system, with the aims of avoiding the risk of tax affairs, optimizing the organizational structure, standardizing the process, improving the efficiency, reducing the operating costs and supporting the planning of tax affairs, is dedicated to providing internal and external customers with specialized, centralized and shareable management services of invoice tax affairs.
基金This paper was supported by Shandong Provincial Social Science Research Project(16DJJJ03)“Comparative Study on the Effect of Introducing Market-oriented FDI and Import Trade on Promoting Economic Performance Improvement in Shandong Province”(16DJJJ03).
文摘This paper mainly explores the impact of export market diversification as an important measure to deal with trade friction on firms total factor productivity.Firstly,this article focuses on the theoretical analysis of the impact mechanism,including risk diversification,reversal effect and spillover effect.Based on the sample data of Chinese manufacturing export enterprises from 2000 to 2007,this paper conducts an empirical test on the relationship between export market diversification and total factor productivity.The result indicates that export market diversification has a significant positive effect on the total factor productivity of enterprises.After considering the endogenous problem,by controlling the fixed effects,using the two-stage least square method and changing the duration of the sample for robustness analysis,the results are still consistent.In addition,the role of diversification policy in total factor productivity presents heterogeneous characteristics in terms of different types of enterprise ownership,export intensity,industry competition,trade methods,and the development degree of exporting market.Accordingly,this paper puts forward corresponding policy recommendations.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0500103 and 2017YFD0501100)the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-LVRI and Y2017JC55)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(1610312016013 and 1610312017003).
文摘Coronaviruses(CoVs)are a group of related enveloped RNA viruses that have severe consequences in a wide variety of animals by causing respiratory,enteric or systemic diseases.Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)is an economically important CoV distributed worldwide that causes diarrhea in pigs.nsp14 is a nonstructural protein of PEDV that is involved in regulation of innate immunity and viral replication.However,the function and mechanism by which nsp14 modulates and manipulates host immune responses remain largely unknown.Here,we report that PEDV nsp14 is an NF-κB pathway antagonist.Overexpression PEDV nsp14 protein remarkably decreases SeV-,poly(I:C)-and TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation.Meanwhile,expression of proinflammatory cytokines is suppressed by nspl4.nsp14 inhibits the phosphorylation of IKKs by interacting with IKKs and p65.Furthermore,nsp14 suppresses TNF-α-induced phosphorylation and nuclear import of p65.Overexpression nsp14 considerably increases PEDV replication.These results suggest a novel mechanism employed by PEDV to suppress the host antiviral response,providing insights that can guide the development of antivirals against CoVs.
