Miano area is one of the distinct major hydrocarbon producing fields of the Lower Indus basin. Lower Goru is the reservoir strait in this area. The aim of the present study is to exploit the channels reservoirs and ot...Miano area is one of the distinct major hydrocarbon producing fields of the Lower Indus basin. Lower Goru is the reservoir strait in this area. The aim of the present study is to exploit the channels reservoirs and other stratigraphic features in such a terrain where there is always a challenge for the geoscientist to search and exploit the channeled reservoirs. To resolve this issue we have utilized attribute analysis on high resolution 3D-seismic data for the detailed comparative studies for the channels. There are many astonishing features that are identified in the current study, which could not otherwise be easily enhanced with the help of 2D Seismic Data. Seismic attributes such as coherency, frequency (are also appropriate for lithological discrimination), which are sensitive to the channel edges are applied for the channel delineation and their geometrical analysis. Spectral decomposition techniques are also applied for the delineation of channels and to appropriately select the best band for channels identification. Three types of channel geometries are recognized: 1) highly sinuous channel;2) narrow-broad meandering belts;3) moderate to high sinuous channel. NW-SE, N-W trending faults can be helpful to compartmentalize the reservoir. Instantaneous and dominant frequency are more beneficial for further field development based on Gamma Ray logs from nearby drilled wells and dimensional perspectives analysis of the channel reservoir.展开更多
Seismic attribute analysis approach has been applied for the interpretation and identification of fault geometry of Zamzama Gas Field. Zamzama gas field area, which lies in the vicinity of Kirthar fold and thrust belt...Seismic attribute analysis approach has been applied for the interpretation and identification of fault geometry of Zamzama Gas Field. Zamzama gas field area, which lies in the vicinity of Kirthar fold and thrust belt, Southern Indus Basin of Pakistan. The Zamzama fault and its related structure have been predicted by applying the Average Energy Attribute, Instantaneous Frequency Attribute, relative Acoustic Impedance Attribute and Chaotic Reflection Attribute on the seismic line GHPK98 A.34. The results have been confirmed by applying the spectral decomposition attribute on the same seismic line that reveal the geometric configuration of Zamzama structure. The fault is reverse and started from 0 s and ended at the depth of 2.5 s on the vertical seismic section. Hanging wall moves up along the fault plane under the action of eastward oriented stress, which formed a large northesouth oriented and eastward verging thrusted anticline.展开更多
The Research work comprises area of Punjab Platform, Sulaiman Foredeep and Eastern Part of Sulaiman Fold Belt (from east to west), which is further extended to Zamzama and Dadu area of Lower Indus Basin. Seismic data ...The Research work comprises area of Punjab Platform, Sulaiman Foredeep and Eastern Part of Sulaiman Fold Belt (from east to west), which is further extended to Zamzama and Dadu area of Lower Indus Basin. Seismic data interpretation suggests a presence of a stratigraphic trap of Paleocene/Late Cretaceous age. It can act as a stratigraphic trap of reservoir quality for hydrocarbons. This feature is marked and discussed on various seismic sections. Sometimes it is difficult to locate this feature due to effect of folding, resulting from later compressions associated with a collision of Indian Plate. This structure could be explored for a hydrocarbon prospect in future. Such stratigraphic traps were not explored in the past.展开更多
Publicly available seismic and well data are used to study the subsurface structure and stratigraphy of an area on the southern margin of the Central Indus Basin (CIB), Pakistan. Study area includes southern parts of ...Publicly available seismic and well data are used to study the subsurface structure and stratigraphy of an area on the southern margin of the Central Indus Basin (CIB), Pakistan. Study area includes southern parts of the Punjab Platform and Sulaiman Foredeep tectonic units of the CIB. A regional scale East-West depth cross-section is prepared in South of hydrocarbon bearing Safed Koh Trend to Punjab Platform. It gives the structural configuration of various formations of Paleozoic-Cenozoic times. Reflectors are marked and correlated with the help of wells Drigri-01 and Bahawalpur East-01, located on seismic lines 914-RPR-03 and 916-YZM-05 respectively. These reflectors/formations are correlated with respect to ages to avoid the confusions as there are many truncations in the area. Average velocities are used for the depth computation. Depth cross-section (AB) shows that Punjab Monocline is a stable area with a shallow basement. In Punjab Platform all the formations dip gently to the West. Then they attain steep dips in the Sulaiman Foredeep/Depression area. Depth cross-section along the Drigri anticline which lies in the SE of Sakhi Sarwar anticline reveals that it is extended E-W over 17 km approx. and the reverse faults are present on both flanks of a fold, due to that a pop up structure is formed. It’s a low amplitude fold, as it marks the southern end of Safed Koh Trend (first line of folding of the folded flank of Sub-Sulaiman Fore Deep). Subsurface structural variations at Bahawalpur show a buried high of Jurassic-Permian age. A sedimentary cover is 9 km thick in West and 3 m thick in East. Basement is uplifted at Bahawalpur High.展开更多
Research Area comprises of Punjab Monocline, Sulaiman Foredeep and Eastern Part of Sulaiman Fold Belt (from east to west) in Central Indus Basin, Pakistan. Sargodha High is located in northeast of a Seismic Profile AB...Research Area comprises of Punjab Monocline, Sulaiman Foredeep and Eastern Part of Sulaiman Fold Belt (from east to west) in Central Indus Basin, Pakistan. Sargodha High is located in northeast of a Seismic Profile AB. Time and Depth models show the subsurface crustal variations near Sargodha High, which separates Upper Indus Basin from Central Indus Basin. The deposition of Pre-Cambrian sediments is uniform in area and Paleozoic sediments (Permian & Cambrian) are thinning in west. Mesozoic sediments (Cretaceous, Jurassic & Triassic) and younger sediments (Paleocene) are not deposited in this part suggesting an uplift of Sargodha High during Paleozoic time. An uneven distribution of Paleozoic rocks shows some thickness in east but erosion, thinning and almost truncation in west indicate their depocenter in east. This also represents a time of uplift of Sargodha High that shifts depocenter westward. Seismic data show a thick Mesozoic deposition in west, which onlaps on the Permo-Triassic unconformity suggesting an area of non-deposition. The gradual uplift of Sargodha high continues, which tilts the Mesozoic strata forming wedge shape geometry.展开更多
文摘Miano area is one of the distinct major hydrocarbon producing fields of the Lower Indus basin. Lower Goru is the reservoir strait in this area. The aim of the present study is to exploit the channels reservoirs and other stratigraphic features in such a terrain where there is always a challenge for the geoscientist to search and exploit the channeled reservoirs. To resolve this issue we have utilized attribute analysis on high resolution 3D-seismic data for the detailed comparative studies for the channels. There are many astonishing features that are identified in the current study, which could not otherwise be easily enhanced with the help of 2D Seismic Data. Seismic attributes such as coherency, frequency (are also appropriate for lithological discrimination), which are sensitive to the channel edges are applied for the channel delineation and their geometrical analysis. Spectral decomposition techniques are also applied for the delineation of channels and to appropriately select the best band for channels identification. Three types of channel geometries are recognized: 1) highly sinuous channel;2) narrow-broad meandering belts;3) moderate to high sinuous channel. NW-SE, N-W trending faults can be helpful to compartmentalize the reservoir. Instantaneous and dominant frequency are more beneficial for further field development based on Gamma Ray logs from nearby drilled wells and dimensional perspectives analysis of the channel reservoir.
文摘Seismic attribute analysis approach has been applied for the interpretation and identification of fault geometry of Zamzama Gas Field. Zamzama gas field area, which lies in the vicinity of Kirthar fold and thrust belt, Southern Indus Basin of Pakistan. The Zamzama fault and its related structure have been predicted by applying the Average Energy Attribute, Instantaneous Frequency Attribute, relative Acoustic Impedance Attribute and Chaotic Reflection Attribute on the seismic line GHPK98 A.34. The results have been confirmed by applying the spectral decomposition attribute on the same seismic line that reveal the geometric configuration of Zamzama structure. The fault is reverse and started from 0 s and ended at the depth of 2.5 s on the vertical seismic section. Hanging wall moves up along the fault plane under the action of eastward oriented stress, which formed a large northesouth oriented and eastward verging thrusted anticline.
文摘The Research work comprises area of Punjab Platform, Sulaiman Foredeep and Eastern Part of Sulaiman Fold Belt (from east to west), which is further extended to Zamzama and Dadu area of Lower Indus Basin. Seismic data interpretation suggests a presence of a stratigraphic trap of Paleocene/Late Cretaceous age. It can act as a stratigraphic trap of reservoir quality for hydrocarbons. This feature is marked and discussed on various seismic sections. Sometimes it is difficult to locate this feature due to effect of folding, resulting from later compressions associated with a collision of Indian Plate. This structure could be explored for a hydrocarbon prospect in future. Such stratigraphic traps were not explored in the past.
文摘Publicly available seismic and well data are used to study the subsurface structure and stratigraphy of an area on the southern margin of the Central Indus Basin (CIB), Pakistan. Study area includes southern parts of the Punjab Platform and Sulaiman Foredeep tectonic units of the CIB. A regional scale East-West depth cross-section is prepared in South of hydrocarbon bearing Safed Koh Trend to Punjab Platform. It gives the structural configuration of various formations of Paleozoic-Cenozoic times. Reflectors are marked and correlated with the help of wells Drigri-01 and Bahawalpur East-01, located on seismic lines 914-RPR-03 and 916-YZM-05 respectively. These reflectors/formations are correlated with respect to ages to avoid the confusions as there are many truncations in the area. Average velocities are used for the depth computation. Depth cross-section (AB) shows that Punjab Monocline is a stable area with a shallow basement. In Punjab Platform all the formations dip gently to the West. Then they attain steep dips in the Sulaiman Foredeep/Depression area. Depth cross-section along the Drigri anticline which lies in the SE of Sakhi Sarwar anticline reveals that it is extended E-W over 17 km approx. and the reverse faults are present on both flanks of a fold, due to that a pop up structure is formed. It’s a low amplitude fold, as it marks the southern end of Safed Koh Trend (first line of folding of the folded flank of Sub-Sulaiman Fore Deep). Subsurface structural variations at Bahawalpur show a buried high of Jurassic-Permian age. A sedimentary cover is 9 km thick in West and 3 m thick in East. Basement is uplifted at Bahawalpur High.
文摘Research Area comprises of Punjab Monocline, Sulaiman Foredeep and Eastern Part of Sulaiman Fold Belt (from east to west) in Central Indus Basin, Pakistan. Sargodha High is located in northeast of a Seismic Profile AB. Time and Depth models show the subsurface crustal variations near Sargodha High, which separates Upper Indus Basin from Central Indus Basin. The deposition of Pre-Cambrian sediments is uniform in area and Paleozoic sediments (Permian & Cambrian) are thinning in west. Mesozoic sediments (Cretaceous, Jurassic & Triassic) and younger sediments (Paleocene) are not deposited in this part suggesting an uplift of Sargodha High during Paleozoic time. An uneven distribution of Paleozoic rocks shows some thickness in east but erosion, thinning and almost truncation in west indicate their depocenter in east. This also represents a time of uplift of Sargodha High that shifts depocenter westward. Seismic data show a thick Mesozoic deposition in west, which onlaps on the Permo-Triassic unconformity suggesting an area of non-deposition. The gradual uplift of Sargodha high continues, which tilts the Mesozoic strata forming wedge shape geometry.
