The widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed various sectors globally, making themmore intelligent and connected. However, this advancement comes with challenges related to the effectiveness...The widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed various sectors globally, making themmore intelligent and connected. However, this advancement comes with challenges related to the effectiveness ofIoT devices. These devices, present in offices, homes, industries, and more, need constant monitoring to ensuretheir proper functionality. The success of smart systems relies on their seamless operation and ability to handlefaults. Sensors, crucial components of these systems, gather data and contribute to their functionality. Therefore,sensor faults can compromise the system’s reliability and undermine the trustworthiness of smart environments.To address these concerns, various techniques and algorithms can be employed to enhance the performance ofIoT devices through effective fault detection. This paper conducted a thorough review of the existing literature andconducted a detailed analysis.This analysis effectively links sensor errors with a prominent fault detection techniquecapable of addressing them. This study is innovative because it paves theway for future researchers to explore errorsthat have not yet been tackled by existing fault detection methods. Significant, the paper, also highlights essentialfactors for selecting and adopting fault detection techniques, as well as the characteristics of datasets and theircorresponding recommended techniques. Additionally, the paper presents amethodical overview of fault detectiontechniques employed in smart devices, including themetrics used for evaluation. Furthermore, the paper examinesthe body of academic work related to sensor faults and fault detection techniques within the domain. This reflectsthe growing inclination and scholarly attention of researchers and academicians toward strategies for fault detectionwithin the realm of the Internet of Things.展开更多
Urbanization is termed as physical transformation of landscapes that alter the natural regime of the environment of its surrounding resulting in further changes in macro as well as micro climate of the region [1]. Urb...Urbanization is termed as physical transformation of landscapes that alter the natural regime of the environment of its surrounding resulting in further changes in macro as well as micro climate of the region [1]. Urban areas are continually facing problems of water scarcity and urban flash floods. Recent news from IPCC report 2010, CIESIN’s Global Rural Urban Mapping Project [2] and World Water Vol. 7 2007, it is clear that urban land area has doubled and affected the hydrological cycle. The components of hydrological cycle affected are Infiltration, Runoff and Evaporation and the causing components are derived by studies as land use, land cover, water withdrawal and urban developments. Thus water availability, water recharge and water cycle are all destabilized in course or urban development. The paper is an attempt to correlate and identify the periodical changes in urban water cycle, during urbanization of Bhopal City, India, during last twenty years and above. The observations are based on GIS mapping of the study area from 1991 to 2009 using rational method of runoff and recharge calculations and statistical analysis of related built-up areas. Also change in natural course of drainages with the help of GIS imageries which have been detected during twenty years that help to observe the adaptation of natural system to urban course. Also the observations show an interesting relation which can be used for further research and sustainable development [3].展开更多
Urbanization is rapidly growing all over the world affecting life styles and environment to a large scale. The most challenging impacts that can be observed are the reducing water levels and increasing surface flows i...Urbanization is rapidly growing all over the world affecting life styles and environment to a large scale. The most challenging impacts that can be observed are the reducing water levels and increasing surface flows in form of flash floods. Urban sprawl has converted hectares of agriculture and forest land into developed surfaces which have zero infiltration resulting in increased flow of precipitation. Apart from sealed land surfaces, the ignorance of soil behavior also leads to added surface flows and unnatural infiltration into soil. Incompatibility of urban planning and functions with the natural environment is becoming vast. Changes in land patterns due to Build up, pavements, roads and similar land cover affect surface water flow seriously. Wise use of modern means and best technologies available are not in use resulting in a huge gap between basic knowledge of natural processes and its requirement for balanced development having minimum impact on water recharge. Present paper is a research on various soil groups and urban water sheds for impacts of increasing Build up on runoff and behavior of soil under developed conditions. The method adopted was to analyze Build up from 1971 to 2014 using ArcGis 9.3 and hydrological modeling using SWMM software for resulting runoff in 40 years of urbanization. Results were compared for different soil groups to observe best conditions for suitable Build up on soil groups for sustainable development.展开更多
文摘The widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed various sectors globally, making themmore intelligent and connected. However, this advancement comes with challenges related to the effectiveness ofIoT devices. These devices, present in offices, homes, industries, and more, need constant monitoring to ensuretheir proper functionality. The success of smart systems relies on their seamless operation and ability to handlefaults. Sensors, crucial components of these systems, gather data and contribute to their functionality. Therefore,sensor faults can compromise the system’s reliability and undermine the trustworthiness of smart environments.To address these concerns, various techniques and algorithms can be employed to enhance the performance ofIoT devices through effective fault detection. This paper conducted a thorough review of the existing literature andconducted a detailed analysis.This analysis effectively links sensor errors with a prominent fault detection techniquecapable of addressing them. This study is innovative because it paves theway for future researchers to explore errorsthat have not yet been tackled by existing fault detection methods. Significant, the paper, also highlights essentialfactors for selecting and adopting fault detection techniques, as well as the characteristics of datasets and theircorresponding recommended techniques. Additionally, the paper presents amethodical overview of fault detectiontechniques employed in smart devices, including themetrics used for evaluation. Furthermore, the paper examinesthe body of academic work related to sensor faults and fault detection techniques within the domain. This reflectsthe growing inclination and scholarly attention of researchers and academicians toward strategies for fault detectionwithin the realm of the Internet of Things.
文摘Urbanization is termed as physical transformation of landscapes that alter the natural regime of the environment of its surrounding resulting in further changes in macro as well as micro climate of the region [1]. Urban areas are continually facing problems of water scarcity and urban flash floods. Recent news from IPCC report 2010, CIESIN’s Global Rural Urban Mapping Project [2] and World Water Vol. 7 2007, it is clear that urban land area has doubled and affected the hydrological cycle. The components of hydrological cycle affected are Infiltration, Runoff and Evaporation and the causing components are derived by studies as land use, land cover, water withdrawal and urban developments. Thus water availability, water recharge and water cycle are all destabilized in course or urban development. The paper is an attempt to correlate and identify the periodical changes in urban water cycle, during urbanization of Bhopal City, India, during last twenty years and above. The observations are based on GIS mapping of the study area from 1991 to 2009 using rational method of runoff and recharge calculations and statistical analysis of related built-up areas. Also change in natural course of drainages with the help of GIS imageries which have been detected during twenty years that help to observe the adaptation of natural system to urban course. Also the observations show an interesting relation which can be used for further research and sustainable development [3].
文摘Urbanization is rapidly growing all over the world affecting life styles and environment to a large scale. The most challenging impacts that can be observed are the reducing water levels and increasing surface flows in form of flash floods. Urban sprawl has converted hectares of agriculture and forest land into developed surfaces which have zero infiltration resulting in increased flow of precipitation. Apart from sealed land surfaces, the ignorance of soil behavior also leads to added surface flows and unnatural infiltration into soil. Incompatibility of urban planning and functions with the natural environment is becoming vast. Changes in land patterns due to Build up, pavements, roads and similar land cover affect surface water flow seriously. Wise use of modern means and best technologies available are not in use resulting in a huge gap between basic knowledge of natural processes and its requirement for balanced development having minimum impact on water recharge. Present paper is a research on various soil groups and urban water sheds for impacts of increasing Build up on runoff and behavior of soil under developed conditions. The method adopted was to analyze Build up from 1971 to 2014 using ArcGis 9.3 and hydrological modeling using SWMM software for resulting runoff in 40 years of urbanization. Results were compared for different soil groups to observe best conditions for suitable Build up on soil groups for sustainable development.
