麦-玉一年两熟的江淮、黄淮地区秸秆混土还田保护性耕作模式,麦秸秆-土壤混合的种床缺乏准确的物料相互接触参数,阻碍了机械化玉米精密播种过程中关键部件、种粒、肥料与混合种床相互作用研究,进而制约了机具优化与改进。采用物理与EDE...麦-玉一年两熟的江淮、黄淮地区秸秆混土还田保护性耕作模式,麦秸秆-土壤混合的种床缺乏准确的物料相互接触参数,阻碍了机械化玉米精密播种过程中关键部件、种粒、肥料与混合种床相互作用研究,进而制约了机具优化与改进。采用物理与EDEM离散元方法结合研究非连续体麦秸秆-土壤混合物之间相互作用,选用Bonding V2黏结模型搭建柔性麦秸秆段“元颗粒”,选取Hertz-Mindlin with JKR模型对一定湿度的土壤进行参数标定。首先,以圆桶提升麦秸秆和土壤种床混合物堆积角为响应值,采用Plackett-Burman筛选试验和最陡爬坡试验分别对显著影响因素从大到小排序和缩近最佳取值范围。利用Box-Behnken试验构建了显著影响因素与堆积角二阶回归模型,对显著因素交互项进行响应曲面分析,利用Design-Expert软件优化模型并以实测堆积角39.94°为目标响应值,计算得土壤JKR表面能0.500、土壤-秸秆动摩擦系数0.065 8、土壤-秸秆JKR表面能0.262及土壤-土壤动摩擦系数0.155,仿真验证误差1.08%,表明标定的接触模型参数可靠。该研究可为麦-玉保护性耕作模型下混合种床与机具精密播种相互作用研究提供参考和理论依据。展开更多
Subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a series of pathological changes,including vascular spasm,cellular apoptosis,blood–brain barrier damage,cerebral edema,and white matter injury.Microglia,which are the key immune cells...Subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a series of pathological changes,including vascular spasm,cellular apoptosis,blood–brain barrier damage,cerebral edema,and white matter injury.Microglia,which are the key immune cells in the central nervous system,maintain homeostasis in the neural environment,support neurons,mediate apoptosis,participate in immune regulation,and have neuroprotective effects.Increasing evidence has shown that microglia play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of subarachnoid hemorrhage and affect the process of injury and the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Moreover,microglia play certain neuroprotective roles in the recovery phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Several approaches aimed at modulating microglia function are believed to attenuate subarachnoid hemorrhage injury.This provides new targets and ideas for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.However,an in-depth and comprehensive summary of the role of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage is still lacking.This review describes the activation of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage and their roles in the pathological processes of vasospasm,neuroinflammation,neuronal apoptosis,blood–brain barrier disruption,cerebral edema,and cerebral white matter lesions.It also discusses the neuroprotective roles of microglia during recovery from subarachnoid hemorrhage and therapeutic advances aimed at modulating microglial function after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Currently,microglia in subarachnoid hemorrhage are targeted with TLR inhibitors,nuclear factor-κB and STAT3 pathway inhibitors,glycine/tyrosine kinases,NLRP3 signaling pathway inhibitors,Gasdermin D inhibitors,vincristine receptorαreceptor agonists,ferroptosis inhibitors,genetic modification techniques,stem cell therapies,and traditional Chinese medicine.However,most of these are still being evaluated at the laboratory stage.More clinical studies and data on subarachnoid hemorrhage are required to improve the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.展开更多
文摘麦-玉一年两熟的江淮、黄淮地区秸秆混土还田保护性耕作模式,麦秸秆-土壤混合的种床缺乏准确的物料相互接触参数,阻碍了机械化玉米精密播种过程中关键部件、种粒、肥料与混合种床相互作用研究,进而制约了机具优化与改进。采用物理与EDEM离散元方法结合研究非连续体麦秸秆-土壤混合物之间相互作用,选用Bonding V2黏结模型搭建柔性麦秸秆段“元颗粒”,选取Hertz-Mindlin with JKR模型对一定湿度的土壤进行参数标定。首先,以圆桶提升麦秸秆和土壤种床混合物堆积角为响应值,采用Plackett-Burman筛选试验和最陡爬坡试验分别对显著影响因素从大到小排序和缩近最佳取值范围。利用Box-Behnken试验构建了显著影响因素与堆积角二阶回归模型,对显著因素交互项进行响应曲面分析,利用Design-Expert软件优化模型并以实测堆积角39.94°为目标响应值,计算得土壤JKR表面能0.500、土壤-秸秆动摩擦系数0.065 8、土壤-秸秆JKR表面能0.262及土壤-土壤动摩擦系数0.155,仿真验证误差1.08%,表明标定的接触模型参数可靠。该研究可为麦-玉保护性耕作模型下混合种床与机具精密播种相互作用研究提供参考和理论依据。
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2022MH124the Youth Science Foundation of Shandong First Medical University,No.202201–105(both to YX)。
文摘Subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a series of pathological changes,including vascular spasm,cellular apoptosis,blood–brain barrier damage,cerebral edema,and white matter injury.Microglia,which are the key immune cells in the central nervous system,maintain homeostasis in the neural environment,support neurons,mediate apoptosis,participate in immune regulation,and have neuroprotective effects.Increasing evidence has shown that microglia play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of subarachnoid hemorrhage and affect the process of injury and the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Moreover,microglia play certain neuroprotective roles in the recovery phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Several approaches aimed at modulating microglia function are believed to attenuate subarachnoid hemorrhage injury.This provides new targets and ideas for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.However,an in-depth and comprehensive summary of the role of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage is still lacking.This review describes the activation of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage and their roles in the pathological processes of vasospasm,neuroinflammation,neuronal apoptosis,blood–brain barrier disruption,cerebral edema,and cerebral white matter lesions.It also discusses the neuroprotective roles of microglia during recovery from subarachnoid hemorrhage and therapeutic advances aimed at modulating microglial function after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Currently,microglia in subarachnoid hemorrhage are targeted with TLR inhibitors,nuclear factor-κB and STAT3 pathway inhibitors,glycine/tyrosine kinases,NLRP3 signaling pathway inhibitors,Gasdermin D inhibitors,vincristine receptorαreceptor agonists,ferroptosis inhibitors,genetic modification techniques,stem cell therapies,and traditional Chinese medicine.However,most of these are still being evaluated at the laboratory stage.More clinical studies and data on subarachnoid hemorrhage are required to improve the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
