·AIM:To assess the effect of 0.01%atropine eye drops on intraocular pressure(IOP)in myopic children.·METHODS:A placebo-controlled,double-masked,randomized study.Totally 220 children aged 6 to 12 y with myopi...·AIM:To assess the effect of 0.01%atropine eye drops on intraocular pressure(IOP)in myopic children.·METHODS:A placebo-controlled,double-masked,randomized study.Totally 220 children aged 6 to 12 y with myopia ranging from-1.00 to-6.00 D in both eyes were enrolled.Children were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either 0.01%atropine eye drops or a placebo group using generated random numbers.All participants underwent the examination of IOP and cycloplegic refraction at baseline,6 and 12 mo.The change of IOP and the proportion of subjects with increased IOP in atropine and placebo groups were compared.·RESULTS:Of 220 children,117 were boys(53.2%).A total of 159(72.3%)participants completed the follow-up at the 1-year study.At baseline,the mean IOP was 15.74 mm Hg(95%CI,15.13 to 16.34 mm Hg)for the 0.01%atropine group and 15.59 mm Hg(95%CI,15.00 to 16.19 mm Hg)for placebo group(mean difference,0.14 mm Hg;P=0.743)after adjusting for central corneal thickness at baseline.At one year follow-up,the mean change of IOP was 0.16 mm Hg(95%CI,-0.43 to 0.76 mm Hg)for the 0.01%atropine group and-0.11 mm Hg(95%CI,-0.71 to 0.50 mm Hg)for placebo group(mean difference,0.27 mm Hg;P=0.525)after adjusting for central corneal thickness.The 51.4%of children have increased IOP in the 0.01%atropine group,compared with 45.9%in the placebo group(P=0.511).·CONCLUSION:The 0.01%atropine eye drops do not significantly affect the risk of elevated IOP.It is relatively safer to use in the studies that try to minimize myopia progression.However,a further long-duration study is required to be validated.展开更多
AIM：To study the relation between higher-order aberrations（HOAs）and contrast sensitivity（CS）in normal eyes among a population of laser in situ keratomileusis（LASIK）candidates.METHODS：In 6629 eyes of 3315 LASIK...AIM：To study the relation between higher-order aberrations（HOAs）and contrast sensitivity（CS）in normal eyes among a population of laser in situ keratomileusis（LASIK）candidates.METHODS：In 6629 eyes of 3315 LASIK candidates,CS were measured under dark environment at the spatial frequencies of 1.5,3,6,12 and 18 cycles per degree（c/d）,respectively,using an Optec 6500 visual function tester.Meanwhile,ocular HOAs were measured for a 6.0 mm pupil with a Hartmann-Shack wavefront analyzer.RESULTS：In the study,the subjects with an average spherical equivalent of-4.86±2.07 D were included.HOAs decreased from the third to the sixth order aberrations with predominant aberrations of third-order coma,trefoil and fourth-order spherical aberration.At low and moderate spatial frequencies,CS was negatively correlated with the third-order coma and trefoil aberrations,and decreased with increasing Z31,but increased with increasing Z3-3and Z5-1.At high spatial frequencies,CS decreased with increasing Z3-3and increased with increasing Z5-1.CONCLUSION：At a large pupil size of 6.0 mm,the thirdorder aberrations,but not the total aberrations,are the main factors affecting CS.Vertical coma is negatively correlated with CS.展开更多
An Al–AlN core–shell structure is beneficial to the performance of Al–Al2O3 composites. In this paper, the phase evolution and microstructure of Al–Al2O3–TiO2 composites at high temperatures in flowing N2 were in...An Al–AlN core–shell structure is beneficial to the performance of Al–Al2O3 composites. In this paper, the phase evolution and microstructure of Al–Al2O3–TiO2 composites at high temperatures in flowing N2 were investigated after the Al–AlN core–shell structure was created at 853 K for 8 h. The results show that TiO2 can convert Al into Al3Ti(~1685 K), which reduces the content of metal Al and rearranges the structure of the composite. Under N2 conditions, Al3Ti is further transformed into a novelty non-oxide phase, TiCN. The transformation process can be expressed as follows: Al3Ti reacts with C and other carbides(Al4C3 and Al4O4C) to form TiCx(x < 1). As the firing temperature increases, Al3Ti transforms into a liquid phase and produces Ti(g) and TiO(g). Finally, Ti(g) and TiO(g) are nitrided and solid-dissolved into the TiCx crystals to form a TiCN solid solution.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the distribution of intraocular pressure(IOP)and its relationship with refractive error and other factors in university students from Anyang,China.METHODS:A university-based study was conducted.Subj...AIM:To investigate the distribution of intraocular pressure(IOP)and its relationship with refractive error and other factors in university students from Anyang,China.METHODS:A university-based study was conducted.Subjects were invited to complete ophthalmic examinations,including visual acuity,noncontact tonometr y(NCT),cycloplegic autorefraction,and ocular biometry.Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to evaluate the associations between IOP and other factors.Only data from right eyes were used in analysis.RESULTS:A total of 7720 subjects aged 16 to 26 years old were included,and 2834(36.4%)of the participants were male.The mean IOP of the right eye for all subjects was 15.52±3.20 mm Hg(95%CI:15.45,15.59).Using multivariate linear regression analysis,IOP was found to correlate significantly with younger age(P<0.001;standardized regression coefficientβ,-0.061;regression coefficientβ,-0.139;95%CI:-0.18,-0.09),higher myopic refractive error(P=0.044;standardizedβ,-0.060;regression coefficientβ,-0.770;95%CI:-0.15,-0.002),higher central corneal thickness(P<0.001;standardizedβ,0.450;regression coefficientβ,0.044;95%CI:0.04,0.05),and shorter axial length(AL;P<0.001;standardizedβ,-0.061;regression coefficientβ,-0.163;95%CI:-0.25,-0.07).CONCLUSION:This study described the normal distribution of IOP.In Chinese university students aged 16-26 y,higherIOP is associated with younger age,higher myopic refractive error,higher thickness of the central cornea,and shorter AL.展开更多
Visual real-time monitoring is the premise of low frequency oscillation control in power grids. This paper showed a visual method for the control center of power grids to monitor low frequency oscillation. It processe...Visual real-time monitoring is the premise of low frequency oscillation control in power grids. This paper showed a visual method for the control center of power grids to monitor low frequency oscillation. It processed the PMU real-time data with incomplete S-transform, and converted the waveforms to two-dimensional time-frequency figures which showed the initial time, frequency and amplitude of each low frequency oscillation mode directly. GPU was used to show figures and calculate FFT with the purpose of improving calculation efficiency. The results of practical cases show that the real-time characters of low frequency oscillation can be identified availably by this visualization real-time monitoring method which is helpful and suitable for practical application.展开更多
Myopia in children remains a major public health problem worldwide,especially in some Asian countries such as China,Singapore and Japan.Although many interventions have been attempted,few has been proven to be effecti...Myopia in children remains a major public health problem worldwide,especially in some Asian countries such as China,Singapore and Japan.Although many interventions have been attempted,few has been proven to be effective in controlling onset and progression of myopia in children.Environmental factors,genetic susceptibility or ethnic differences can affect the efficacy of these interventions.However,many questions remain unclear and even controversial for controlling myopia.China has the biggest population with myopia,especially for children myopia.Thus,it is of importance to present what achievements Chinese scientists have made in the field of myopia control in children.We summarize the current findings on myopia control in children from the Anyang Childhood Eye Study,including epidemiological data,clinical trials,systematic reviews and meta-analyses,and compare them with studies in other countries to find potential clues for controlling myopia in children.展开更多
Network-on-Chip(NoC)is widely adopted in neuromorphic processors to support communication between neurons in spiking neural networks(SNNs).However,SNNs generate enormous spiking packets due to the one-to-many traffic ...Network-on-Chip(NoC)is widely adopted in neuromorphic processors to support communication between neurons in spiking neural networks(SNNs).However,SNNs generate enormous spiking packets due to the one-to-many traffic pattern.The spiking packets may cause communication pressure on NoC.We propose a path-based multicast routing method to alleviate the pressure.Firstly,all destination nodes of each source node on NoC are divided into several clusters.Secondly,multicast paths in the clusters are created based on the Hamiltonian path algorithm.The proposed routing can reduce the length of path and balance the communication load of each router.Lastly,we design a lightweight microarchitecture of NoC,which involves a customized multicast packet and a routing function.We use six datasets to verify the proposed multicast routing.Compared with unicast routing,the running time of path-based multicast routing achieves 5.1x speedup,and the number of hops and the maximum transmission latency of path-based multicast routing are reduced by 68.9%and 77.4%,respectively.The maximum length of path is reduced by 68.3%and 67.2%compared with the dual-path(DP)and multi-path(MP)multicast routing,respectively.Therefore,the proposed multicast routing has improved performance in terms of average latency and throughput compared with the DP or MP multicast routing.展开更多
It has now believed that chloroplasts arose from cyanobacteria, however, during endosymbiosis, the photosynthetic genes in chloroplasts have been reduced. How these changes occurred during plant evolution was the focu...It has now believed that chloroplasts arose from cyanobacteria, however, during endosymbiosis, the photosynthetic genes in chloroplasts have been reduced. How these changes occurred during plant evolution was the focus of the present study. Beginning with photosystem I （PSI） genes, a homologous comparison of amino acid sequences of 18 subunits of PSI from 10 species of cyanobacteria, chloroplasts in 12 species of eucaryotic algae, and 28 species of plants （including bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnospermae, dicotyledon and monocotyledon） was undertaken. The data showed that 18 genes of PSI can be divided into two groups： Part Ⅰ including seven genes （psaA, psaB, psaC, psal, psaJ, ycf3 and ycf4） shared both by cyanobacteria and plant chloroplasts; Part Ⅱ containing another 11 genes （psaD, psaE, psaF, psaK, psaL, psaM, btpA, ycf37, psaG, psaH and psaN） appeared to have diversified in different plant groups. Among Part Ⅰ genes, psaC, psaA and psaB had higher homology in all species of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. Among Part Ⅱ genes, only psaG, psaH and psaN emerged in seed plants.展开更多
Myopia has become a major public health issue with an increasing prevalence.There are still individuals who experience similar environmental risk factors and,yet,remain non-myopic.Thus,there might be genetic factors p...Myopia has become a major public health issue with an increasing prevalence.There are still individuals who experience similar environmental risk factors and,yet,remain non-myopic.Thus,there might be genetic factors protecting people from myopia.Considering the opposite ocular characteristics of primary angle closure glaucoma(PACG)to myopia and possible common pathway between them,we propose that certain risk genes for PACG might act as a protective factor for myopia.In this study,2,678 young adults were genotyped for 37 targeted single nucleotide polymorphisms.Compared with emmetropia,rs1401999(allele C:OR=0.795,P=0.03;genotype in dominant model:OR=0.759,P=0.02)and rs1258267(allele A:OR=0.824,P=0.03;genotype in dominant model:OR=0.603,P=0.01)were associated with low to moderate myopia and high myopia,respectively.Genotype under recessive model of rs11024102 was correlated with myopia(OR=1.456,P=0.01),low to moderate myopia(OR=1.443,P=0.02)and high myopia(OR=1.453,P=0.02).However,these associations did not survive Bonferroni correction.Moreover,rs1401999,rs1258267,and rs11024102 showed associations with certain ocular biometric parameters in different groups.Our study suggests that ABCC5,CHAT and PLEKHA7 might be associated with refractive errors by contributing to the regulation of ocular biometry,in terms of uncorrected results and their biological functions.展开更多
Current states of traumatic eye injury are reviewed in terms of epidemiology in the developing countries and developed countries, causes of the trauma, eye injury types, traumatic eye injury diagnostic methods and tre...Current states of traumatic eye injury are reviewed in terms of epidemiology in the developing countries and developed countries, causes of the trauma, eye injury types, traumatic eye injury diagnostic methods and treatments. Trauma-caused vision-threatening conditions such as open global injury, traumatic optic neuropathy and proliferative vitreoretinopathy are particularly discussed. Also the most updated clinic research in China as Eye Injury Vitrectomy Study is discussed. At the end, the current achievements and research in traumatic eye injury in the world are summerized.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82071000)the Beijing Science Foundation for Distinguished Yong Scholars(No.JQ20029)+2 种基金the Capital Health Research and Development of Special(No.2020-2-1081)Supported by the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program(No.PX2022007)the Primary Scientific Research Foundation for the Junior Researcher in Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University(No.2020-YJJ-ZZL-011)。
文摘·AIM:To assess the effect of 0.01%atropine eye drops on intraocular pressure(IOP)in myopic children.·METHODS:A placebo-controlled,double-masked,randomized study.Totally 220 children aged 6 to 12 y with myopia ranging from-1.00 to-6.00 D in both eyes were enrolled.Children were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either 0.01%atropine eye drops or a placebo group using generated random numbers.All participants underwent the examination of IOP and cycloplegic refraction at baseline,6 and 12 mo.The change of IOP and the proportion of subjects with increased IOP in atropine and placebo groups were compared.·RESULTS:Of 220 children,117 were boys(53.2%).A total of 159(72.3%)participants completed the follow-up at the 1-year study.At baseline,the mean IOP was 15.74 mm Hg(95%CI,15.13 to 16.34 mm Hg)for the 0.01%atropine group and 15.59 mm Hg(95%CI,15.00 to 16.19 mm Hg)for placebo group(mean difference,0.14 mm Hg;P=0.743)after adjusting for central corneal thickness at baseline.At one year follow-up,the mean change of IOP was 0.16 mm Hg(95%CI,-0.43 to 0.76 mm Hg)for the 0.01%atropine group and-0.11 mm Hg(95%CI,-0.71 to 0.50 mm Hg)for placebo group(mean difference,0.27 mm Hg;P=0.525)after adjusting for central corneal thickness.The 51.4%of children have increased IOP in the 0.01%atropine group,compared with 45.9%in the placebo group(P=0.511).·CONCLUSION:The 0.01%atropine eye drops do not significantly affect the risk of elevated IOP.It is relatively safer to use in the studies that try to minimize myopia progression.However,a further long-duration study is required to be validated.
文摘AIM：To study the relation between higher-order aberrations（HOAs）and contrast sensitivity（CS）in normal eyes among a population of laser in situ keratomileusis（LASIK）candidates.METHODS：In 6629 eyes of 3315 LASIK candidates,CS were measured under dark environment at the spatial frequencies of 1.5,3,6,12 and 18 cycles per degree（c/d）,respectively,using an Optec 6500 visual function tester.Meanwhile,ocular HOAs were measured for a 6.0 mm pupil with a Hartmann-Shack wavefront analyzer.RESULTS：In the study,the subjects with an average spherical equivalent of-4.86±2.07 D were included.HOAs decreased from the third to the sixth order aberrations with predominant aberrations of third-order coma,trefoil and fourth-order spherical aberration.At low and moderate spatial frequencies,CS was negatively correlated with the third-order coma and trefoil aberrations,and decreased with increasing Z31,but increased with increasing Z3-3and Z5-1.At high spatial frequencies,CS decreased with increasing Z3-3and increased with increasing Z5-1.CONCLUSION：At a large pupil size of 6.0 mm,the thirdorder aberrations,but not the total aberrations,are the main factors affecting CS.Vertical coma is negatively correlated with CS.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51872023)
文摘An Al–AlN core–shell structure is beneficial to the performance of Al–Al2O3 composites. In this paper, the phase evolution and microstructure of Al–Al2O3–TiO2 composites at high temperatures in flowing N2 were investigated after the Al–AlN core–shell structure was created at 853 K for 8 h. The results show that TiO2 can convert Al into Al3Ti(~1685 K), which reduces the content of metal Al and rearranges the structure of the composite. Under N2 conditions, Al3Ti is further transformed into a novelty non-oxide phase, TiCN. The transformation process can be expressed as follows: Al3Ti reacts with C and other carbides(Al4C3 and Al4O4C) to form TiCx(x < 1). As the firing temperature increases, Al3Ti transforms into a liquid phase and produces Ti(g) and TiO(g). Finally, Ti(g) and TiO(g) are nitrided and solid-dissolved into the TiCx crystals to form a TiCN solid solution.
文摘AIM:To investigate the distribution of intraocular pressure(IOP)and its relationship with refractive error and other factors in university students from Anyang,China.METHODS:A university-based study was conducted.Subjects were invited to complete ophthalmic examinations,including visual acuity,noncontact tonometr y(NCT),cycloplegic autorefraction,and ocular biometry.Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to evaluate the associations between IOP and other factors.Only data from right eyes were used in analysis.RESULTS:A total of 7720 subjects aged 16 to 26 years old were included,and 2834(36.4%)of the participants were male.The mean IOP of the right eye for all subjects was 15.52±3.20 mm Hg(95%CI:15.45,15.59).Using multivariate linear regression analysis,IOP was found to correlate significantly with younger age(P<0.001;standardized regression coefficientβ,-0.061;regression coefficientβ,-0.139;95%CI:-0.18,-0.09),higher myopic refractive error(P=0.044;standardizedβ,-0.060;regression coefficientβ,-0.770;95%CI:-0.15,-0.002),higher central corneal thickness(P<0.001;standardizedβ,0.450;regression coefficientβ,0.044;95%CI:0.04,0.05),and shorter axial length(AL;P<0.001;standardizedβ,-0.061;regression coefficientβ,-0.163;95%CI:-0.25,-0.07).CONCLUSION:This study described the normal distribution of IOP.In Chinese university students aged 16-26 y,higherIOP is associated with younger age,higher myopic refractive error,higher thickness of the central cornea,and shorter AL.
文摘Visual real-time monitoring is the premise of low frequency oscillation control in power grids. This paper showed a visual method for the control center of power grids to monitor low frequency oscillation. It processed the PMU real-time data with incomplete S-transform, and converted the waveforms to two-dimensional time-frequency figures which showed the initial time, frequency and amplitude of each low frequency oscillation mode directly. GPU was used to show figures and calculate FFT with the purpose of improving calculation efficiency. The results of practical cases show that the real-time characters of low frequency oscillation can be identified availably by this visualization real-time monitoring method which is helpful and suitable for practical application.
基金This work was supported by the capital health research and development of special(2016-4-2056)the Ministry of Science and Technology,the Major International(Regional)Joint Research Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81120108007)+3 种基金the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(’973’Program,2011CB504601)a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Discovery Grant(#RGPIN/131-2013)Beijing Nova Program(Z121107002512055)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81300797).
文摘Myopia in children remains a major public health problem worldwide,especially in some Asian countries such as China,Singapore and Japan.Although many interventions have been attempted,few has been proven to be effective in controlling onset and progression of myopia in children.Environmental factors,genetic susceptibility or ethnic differences can affect the efficacy of these interventions.However,many questions remain unclear and even controversial for controlling myopia.China has the biggest population with myopia,especially for children myopia.Thus,it is of importance to present what achievements Chinese scientists have made in the field of myopia control in children.We summarize the current findings on myopia control in children from the Anyang Childhood Eye Study,including epidemiological data,clinical trials,systematic reviews and meta-analyses,and compare them with studies in other countries to find potential clues for controlling myopia in children.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant Nos.2018YFB2202-603and2020AAA0104602.
文摘Network-on-Chip(NoC)is widely adopted in neuromorphic processors to support communication between neurons in spiking neural networks(SNNs).However,SNNs generate enormous spiking packets due to the one-to-many traffic pattern.The spiking packets may cause communication pressure on NoC.We propose a path-based multicast routing method to alleviate the pressure.Firstly,all destination nodes of each source node on NoC are divided into several clusters.Secondly,multicast paths in the clusters are created based on the Hamiltonian path algorithm.The proposed routing can reduce the length of path and balance the communication load of each router.Lastly,we design a lightweight microarchitecture of NoC,which involves a customized multicast packet and a routing function.We use six datasets to verify the proposed multicast routing.Compared with unicast routing,the running time of path-based multicast routing achieves 5.1x speedup,and the number of hops and the maximum transmission latency of path-based multicast routing are reduced by 68.9%and 77.4%,respectively.The maximum length of path is reduced by 68.3%and 67.2%compared with the dual-path(DP)and multi-path(MP)multicast routing,respectively.Therefore,the proposed multicast routing has improved performance in terms of average latency and throughput compared with the DP or MP multicast routing.
基金Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission(043182711)
文摘It has now believed that chloroplasts arose from cyanobacteria, however, during endosymbiosis, the photosynthetic genes in chloroplasts have been reduced. How these changes occurred during plant evolution was the focus of the present study. Beginning with photosystem I （PSI） genes, a homologous comparison of amino acid sequences of 18 subunits of PSI from 10 species of cyanobacteria, chloroplasts in 12 species of eucaryotic algae, and 28 species of plants （including bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnospermae, dicotyledon and monocotyledon） was undertaken. The data showed that 18 genes of PSI can be divided into two groups： Part Ⅰ including seven genes （psaA, psaB, psaC, psal, psaJ, ycf3 and ycf4） shared both by cyanobacteria and plant chloroplasts; Part Ⅱ containing another 11 genes （psaD, psaE, psaF, psaK, psaL, psaM, btpA, ycf37, psaG, psaH and psaN） appeared to have diversified in different plant groups. Among Part Ⅰ genes, psaC, psaA and psaB had higher homology in all species of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. Among Part Ⅱ genes, only psaG, psaH and psaN emerged in seed plants.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Capital Medical University,Beijing,China(PYZ20107)the Integration,Translation and Development on Ophthalmic Technology(Jingyiyan 2016-5)+2 种基金the Major International(Regional)Joint Research Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81120108007)the Youth Top Talent Project of Beijing Tongren Hospital(2020-YJJ-ZZL-013)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(JQ20029)。
文摘Myopia has become a major public health issue with an increasing prevalence.There are still individuals who experience similar environmental risk factors and,yet,remain non-myopic.Thus,there might be genetic factors protecting people from myopia.Considering the opposite ocular characteristics of primary angle closure glaucoma(PACG)to myopia and possible common pathway between them,we propose that certain risk genes for PACG might act as a protective factor for myopia.In this study,2,678 young adults were genotyped for 37 targeted single nucleotide polymorphisms.Compared with emmetropia,rs1401999(allele C:OR=0.795,P=0.03;genotype in dominant model:OR=0.759,P=0.02)and rs1258267(allele A:OR=0.824,P=0.03;genotype in dominant model:OR=0.603,P=0.01)were associated with low to moderate myopia and high myopia,respectively.Genotype under recessive model of rs11024102 was correlated with myopia(OR=1.456,P=0.01),low to moderate myopia(OR=1.443,P=0.02)and high myopia(OR=1.453,P=0.02).However,these associations did not survive Bonferroni correction.Moreover,rs1401999,rs1258267,and rs11024102 showed associations with certain ocular biometric parameters in different groups.Our study suggests that ABCC5,CHAT and PLEKHA7 might be associated with refractive errors by contributing to the regulation of ocular biometry,in terms of uncorrected results and their biological functions.
文摘Current states of traumatic eye injury are reviewed in terms of epidemiology in the developing countries and developed countries, causes of the trauma, eye injury types, traumatic eye injury diagnostic methods and treatments. Trauma-caused vision-threatening conditions such as open global injury, traumatic optic neuropathy and proliferative vitreoretinopathy are particularly discussed. Also the most updated clinic research in China as Eye Injury Vitrectomy Study is discussed. At the end, the current achievements and research in traumatic eye injury in the world are summerized.
