Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye complications that occur in diabetic patients and include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetic cataracts, and diabetic glaucoma. However, the global epid...Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye complications that occur in diabetic patients and include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetic cataracts, and diabetic glaucoma. However, the global epidemiology of these conditions has not been well characterized. In this study, we collected information on diabetic eye disease-related research grants from seven representative countries––the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, and France––by searching for all global diabetic eye disease journal articles in the Web of Science and Pub Med databases, all global registered clinical trials in the Clinical Trials database, and new drugs approved by the United States, China, Japan, and EU agencies from 2012 to 2021. During this time period, diabetic retinopathy accounted for the vast majority(89.53%) of the 2288 government research grants that were funded to investigate diabetic eye disease, followed by diabetic macular edema(9.27%). The United States granted the most research funding for diabetic eye disease out of the seven countries assessed. The research objectives of grants focusing on diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema differed by country. Additionally, the United States was dominant in terms of research output, publishing 17.53% of global papers about diabetic eye disease and receiving 22.58% of total citations. The United States and the United Kingdom led international collaborations in research into diabetic eye disease. Of the 415 clinical trials that we identified, diabetic macular edema was the major disease that was targeted for drug development(58.19%). Approximately half of the trials(49.13%) pertained to angiogenesis. However, few drugs were approved for ophthalmic(40 out of 1830;2.19%) and diabetic eye disease(3 out of 1830;0.02%) applications. Our findings show that basic and translational research related to diabetic eye disease in the past decade has not been highly active, and has yielded few new treatment methods and newly approved drugs.展开更多
Photoreceptor cell degeneration leads to blindness, for which there is currently no effective treatment. Our previous studies have shown that Lycium barbarum(L. barbarum) polysaccharide(LBP) protects degenerated photo...Photoreceptor cell degeneration leads to blindness, for which there is currently no effective treatment. Our previous studies have shown that Lycium barbarum(L. barbarum) polysaccharide(LBP) protects degenerated photoreceptors in rd1, a transgenic mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. L. barbarum glycopeptide(Lb GP) is an immunoreactive glycoprotein extracted from LBP. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effect of Lb GP on a chemically induced photoreceptor-degenerative mouse model. Wild-type mice received the following: oral administration of Lb GP as a protective pre-treatment on days 1–7;intraperitoneal administration of 40 mg/kg N-methylN-nitrosourea to induce photoreceptor injury on day 7;and continuation of orally administered Lb GP on days 8–14. Treatment with Lb GP increased photoreceptor survival and improved the structure of photoreceptors, retinal photoresponse, and visual behaviors of mice with photoreceptor degeneration. Lb GP was also found to partially inhibit the activation of microglia in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-injured retinas and significantly decreased the expression of two pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, Lb GP effectively slowed the rate of photoreceptor degeneration in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-injured mice, possibly through an anti-inflammatory mechanism, and has potential as a candidate drug for the clinical treatment of photoreceptor degeneration.展开更多
With the development of global industrialization,urbanization and changes of people’s lifestyle,Diabetes Mellitus,DM has become a serious worldwide health issue.The prevalence of diabetes in China is more than 10%.Du...With the development of global industrialization,urbanization and changes of people’s lifestyle,Diabetes Mellitus,DM has become a serious worldwide health issue.The prevalence of diabetes in China is more than 10%.Due to the huge population base,China has surpassed the U.S.and India,becoming the country with the largest diabetic population in the world.Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the most common complications of DM.The latest epidemiological survey shows that 17.8-29.2%of China’s diabetes patients developed DR,and it has become the leading cause of blindness in adults over the age of 40.Despite the continued emergence of new medicine and treatment in the past ten years,and a large number of global clinical trials have been carried out,we still couldn’t prevent the occurrence and development of DR.Microvascular damage caused by DM has been a top priority in the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications.Chinese government attaches great importance to the prevention and treatment of DR and has included it into China’s plan of the prevention and treatment of blindness.In this presentation,I’m going to focus on the pathogenesis of DR,especially the relationship between immune inflammatory response and DR.Major challenges and solutions in clinical treatment were discussed as well.展开更多
Fast and accurate identification of the pollutant source location and release rate is important for improving indoor air quality.From the perspective of public health,identification of the airborne pathogen source in ...Fast and accurate identification of the pollutant source location and release rate is important for improving indoor air quality.From the perspective of public health,identification of the airborne pathogen source in public buildings is particularly important for ensuring people’s safety and health.The existing adjoint probability method has difficulty in distinguishing the temporal source,and the optimization algorithm can only analyze a few potential sources in space.This study proposed an algorithm combining the adjoint-pulse and regularization methods to identify the spatiotemporal information of the point pollutant source in an entire room space.We first obtained a series of source-receptor response matrices using the adjoint-pulse method in the room based on the validated CFD model,and then used the regularization method and composite Bayesian inference to identify the release rate and location of the dynamic pollutant source.The results showed that the MAPEs(mean absolute percentage errors)of estimated source intensities were almost less than 15%,and the source localization success rates were above 25/30 in this study.This method has the potential to be used to identify the airborne pathogen source in public buildings combined with sensors for disease-specific biomarkers.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82122009 (to JX)Science Research Foundation ofAier Eye Hospital Group,No.AM2001D1 (to JX)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2020JJ5002 (to SJ)。
文摘Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye complications that occur in diabetic patients and include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetic cataracts, and diabetic glaucoma. However, the global epidemiology of these conditions has not been well characterized. In this study, we collected information on diabetic eye disease-related research grants from seven representative countries––the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, and France––by searching for all global diabetic eye disease journal articles in the Web of Science and Pub Med databases, all global registered clinical trials in the Clinical Trials database, and new drugs approved by the United States, China, Japan, and EU agencies from 2012 to 2021. During this time period, diabetic retinopathy accounted for the vast majority(89.53%) of the 2288 government research grants that were funded to investigate diabetic eye disease, followed by diabetic macular edema(9.27%). The United States granted the most research funding for diabetic eye disease out of the seven countries assessed. The research objectives of grants focusing on diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema differed by country. Additionally, the United States was dominant in terms of research output, publishing 17.53% of global papers about diabetic eye disease and receiving 22.58% of total citations. The United States and the United Kingdom led international collaborations in research into diabetic eye disease. Of the 415 clinical trials that we identified, diabetic macular edema was the major disease that was targeted for drug development(58.19%). Approximately half of the trials(49.13%) pertained to angiogenesis. However, few drugs were approved for ophthalmic(40 out of 1830;2.19%) and diabetic eye disease(3 out of 1830;0.02%) applications. Our findings show that basic and translational research related to diabetic eye disease in the past decade has not been highly active, and has yielded few new treatment methods and newly approved drugs.
基金supported by Guangzhou Key Projects of Brain Science and Brain-Like Intelligence Technology,No.20200730009 (to YX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82074169 (to XM)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.2021A1515012473 (to XM)Project of Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Province,No.20202045 (to XM)Aier Eye Hospital Group,No.AF2019001 (to ST,KFS,YX,XM)。
文摘Photoreceptor cell degeneration leads to blindness, for which there is currently no effective treatment. Our previous studies have shown that Lycium barbarum(L. barbarum) polysaccharide(LBP) protects degenerated photoreceptors in rd1, a transgenic mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. L. barbarum glycopeptide(Lb GP) is an immunoreactive glycoprotein extracted from LBP. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effect of Lb GP on a chemically induced photoreceptor-degenerative mouse model. Wild-type mice received the following: oral administration of Lb GP as a protective pre-treatment on days 1–7;intraperitoneal administration of 40 mg/kg N-methylN-nitrosourea to induce photoreceptor injury on day 7;and continuation of orally administered Lb GP on days 8–14. Treatment with Lb GP increased photoreceptor survival and improved the structure of photoreceptors, retinal photoresponse, and visual behaviors of mice with photoreceptor degeneration. Lb GP was also found to partially inhibit the activation of microglia in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-injured retinas and significantly decreased the expression of two pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, Lb GP effectively slowed the rate of photoreceptor degeneration in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-injured mice, possibly through an anti-inflammatory mechanism, and has potential as a candidate drug for the clinical treatment of photoreceptor degeneration.
文摘With the development of global industrialization,urbanization and changes of people’s lifestyle,Diabetes Mellitus,DM has become a serious worldwide health issue.The prevalence of diabetes in China is more than 10%.Due to the huge population base,China has surpassed the U.S.and India,becoming the country with the largest diabetic population in the world.Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the most common complications of DM.The latest epidemiological survey shows that 17.8-29.2%of China’s diabetes patients developed DR,and it has become the leading cause of blindness in adults over the age of 40.Despite the continued emergence of new medicine and treatment in the past ten years,and a large number of global clinical trials have been carried out,we still couldn’t prevent the occurrence and development of DR.Microvascular damage caused by DM has been a top priority in the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications.Chinese government attaches great importance to the prevention and treatment of DR and has included it into China’s plan of the prevention and treatment of blindness.In this presentation,I’m going to focus on the pathogenesis of DR,especially the relationship between immune inflammatory response and DR.Major challenges and solutions in clinical treatment were discussed as well.
基金This study is supported by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.SJCX22_0470).
文摘Fast and accurate identification of the pollutant source location and release rate is important for improving indoor air quality.From the perspective of public health,identification of the airborne pathogen source in public buildings is particularly important for ensuring people’s safety and health.The existing adjoint probability method has difficulty in distinguishing the temporal source,and the optimization algorithm can only analyze a few potential sources in space.This study proposed an algorithm combining the adjoint-pulse and regularization methods to identify the spatiotemporal information of the point pollutant source in an entire room space.We first obtained a series of source-receptor response matrices using the adjoint-pulse method in the room based on the validated CFD model,and then used the regularization method and composite Bayesian inference to identify the release rate and location of the dynamic pollutant source.The results showed that the MAPEs(mean absolute percentage errors)of estimated source intensities were almost less than 15%,and the source localization success rates were above 25/30 in this study.This method has the potential to be used to identify the airborne pathogen source in public buildings combined with sensors for disease-specific biomarkers.
