BACKGROUND:Sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE) is a critical disease caused by sepsis.In addition to high mortality,SAE can also adversely aff ect life quality and lead to significant socioeconomic costs.This review...BACKGROUND:Sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE) is a critical disease caused by sepsis.In addition to high mortality,SAE can also adversely aff ect life quality and lead to significant socioeconomic costs.This review aims to explore the development of evaluation animal models of SAE,giving insight into the direction of future research in terms of its pathophysiology and therapy.METHODS:We performed a literature search from January 1,2000,to December 31,2022,in MEDLINE,PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science using related keywords.Two independent researchers screened all the accessible articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and collected the relevant data of the studies.RESULTS:The animal models for sepsis are commonly induced through cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) or lipopolysaccharide(LPS) injection.SAE can be evaluated using nervous reflex scores and sepsis evaluation during the acute phase,or through Morris water maze(MWM),openfield test,fear condition(FC) test,inhibitory avoidance,and other tests during the late phase.CONCLUSION:CLP and LPS injection are the most common methods for establishing SAE animal models.Nervous reflexs cores,MWM,FC test,and inhibitory avoidance are widely used in SAE model analysis.Future research should focus on establishing a standardized system for SAE development and analysis.展开更多
Long-term nonunion of bone defects has always been a major problem in orthopedic treatment.Artificial bone graft materials such as Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate(PLGA/β-TCP)scaffolds are expect...Long-term nonunion of bone defects has always been a major problem in orthopedic treatment.Artificial bone graft materials such as Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate(PLGA/β-TCP)scaffolds are expected to solve this problem due to their suitable degradation rate and good osteoconductivity.However,insufficient mechanical properties,lack of osteoinductivity and infections after implanted limit its large-scale clinical application.Hence,we proposed a novel bone repair bioscaffold by adding zinc submicron particles to PLGA/β-TCP using low temperature rapid prototyping 3D printing technology.We first screened the scaffolds with 1 wt%Zn that had good biocompatibility and could stably release a safe dose of zinc ions within 16 weeks to ensure long-term non-toxicity.As designed,the scaffold had a multi-level porous structure of biomimetic cancellous bone,and the Young’s modulus(63.41±1.89 MPa)and compressive strength(2.887±0.025 MPa)of the scaffold were close to those of cancellous bone.In addition,after a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments,the scaffolds proved to have no adverse effects on the viability of BMSCs and promoted their adhesion and osteogenic differentiation,as well as exhibiting higher osteogenic and anti-inflammatory properties than PLGA/β-TCP scaffold without zinc particles.We also found that this osteogenic and anti-inflammatory effect might be related to Wnt/β-catenin,P38 MAPK and NFkB pathways.This study lay a foundation for the follow-up study of bone regeneration mechanism of Zn-containing biomaterials.We envision that this scaffold may become a new strategy for clinical treatment of bone defects.展开更多
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Fund (2022-PUMCH-B-109)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(2021-1-I2M-020)。
文摘BACKGROUND:Sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE) is a critical disease caused by sepsis.In addition to high mortality,SAE can also adversely aff ect life quality and lead to significant socioeconomic costs.This review aims to explore the development of evaluation animal models of SAE,giving insight into the direction of future research in terms of its pathophysiology and therapy.METHODS:We performed a literature search from January 1,2000,to December 31,2022,in MEDLINE,PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science using related keywords.Two independent researchers screened all the accessible articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and collected the relevant data of the studies.RESULTS:The animal models for sepsis are commonly induced through cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) or lipopolysaccharide(LPS) injection.SAE can be evaluated using nervous reflex scores and sepsis evaluation during the acute phase,or through Morris water maze(MWM),openfield test,fear condition(FC) test,inhibitory avoidance,and other tests during the late phase.CONCLUSION:CLP and LPS injection are the most common methods for establishing SAE animal models.Nervous reflexs cores,MWM,FC test,and inhibitory avoidance are widely used in SAE model analysis.Future research should focus on establishing a standardized system for SAE development and analysis.
基金supported by Tsinghua University-Peking Union Medical College Hospital Initiative Scientific Research Program(20191080871)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82272464,82002314).
文摘Long-term nonunion of bone defects has always been a major problem in orthopedic treatment.Artificial bone graft materials such as Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate(PLGA/β-TCP)scaffolds are expected to solve this problem due to their suitable degradation rate and good osteoconductivity.However,insufficient mechanical properties,lack of osteoinductivity and infections after implanted limit its large-scale clinical application.Hence,we proposed a novel bone repair bioscaffold by adding zinc submicron particles to PLGA/β-TCP using low temperature rapid prototyping 3D printing technology.We first screened the scaffolds with 1 wt%Zn that had good biocompatibility and could stably release a safe dose of zinc ions within 16 weeks to ensure long-term non-toxicity.As designed,the scaffold had a multi-level porous structure of biomimetic cancellous bone,and the Young’s modulus(63.41±1.89 MPa)and compressive strength(2.887±0.025 MPa)of the scaffold were close to those of cancellous bone.In addition,after a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments,the scaffolds proved to have no adverse effects on the viability of BMSCs and promoted their adhesion and osteogenic differentiation,as well as exhibiting higher osteogenic and anti-inflammatory properties than PLGA/β-TCP scaffold without zinc particles.We also found that this osteogenic and anti-inflammatory effect might be related to Wnt/β-catenin,P38 MAPK and NFkB pathways.This study lay a foundation for the follow-up study of bone regeneration mechanism of Zn-containing biomaterials.We envision that this scaffold may become a new strategy for clinical treatment of bone defects.
