Light is a fundamental environmental factor for living organisms on earth—not only as a primary energy source but also as an informational signal.In fungi,light can be used as an indicator for both time and space to ...Light is a fundamental environmental factor for living organisms on earth—not only as a primary energy source but also as an informational signal.In fungi,light can be used as an indicator for both time and space to control important physiological and morphological responses.Botrytis cinerea(B.cinerea)is a devastating phytopathogenic fungus that exploits light cues to optimize virulence and the balance between conidiation and sclerotia development,thereby improving its dispersal and survival in ecosystems.However,the components and mechanisms underlying these processes remain obscure.Here,we identify a novel light-signaling component in B.cinerea,BcCfaS,which encodes a putative cyclopropane fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase.BcCfaS is strongly induced by light at the transcriptional level and plays a crucial role in regulating photomorphogenesis.Deletion of BcCfaS results in reduced vegetative growth,altered colony morphology,impaired sclerotial development,and enhanced conidiation in a lightdependent manner.Moreover,the mutant exhibits serious defects in stress response and virulence on the host.Based on a lipidomics analysis,a number of previously unknown fungal lipids and many BcCfaS-regulated lipids are identified in B.cinerea,including several novel phospholipids and fatty acids.Importantly,we find that BcCfaS controls conidiation and sclerotial development by positively regulating methyl jasmonate(MeJA)synthesis to activate the transcription of light-signaling components,revealing for the first time the metabolic base of photomorphogenesis in fungi.Thus,we propose that BcCfaS serves as an integration node for light and lipid metabolism,thereby providing a regulatory mechanism by which fungi adapt their development to a changing light environment.These new findings provide an important target for antifungal design to prevent and control fungal disease.展开更多
Kiwifruit is an extremely perishable fruit;postharvest disease and senescence during storage can reduce the fruit quality,resulting in economic loss.Considerable research effort has focused on identifying safe and cos...Kiwifruit is an extremely perishable fruit;postharvest disease and senescence during storage can reduce the fruit quality,resulting in economic loss.Considerable research effort has focused on identifying safe and cost-effective ways to preserve fresh kiwifruit.To this end,the present study investigated the effects of alginate oligosaccharide(AOS)soaking treatment on postharvest quality and disease in the‘Bruno’variety of kiwifruit.The involved physiological mechanisms were further explored.The results showed that AOS did not inhibit the growth of Botrytis cinerea in vitro,the causal agent of gray mold in kiwifruit,but reduced the incidence of gray mold and diameter of lesions of kiwifruit during storage.Kiwifruit treated with 50 mg·L-1 AOS showed a higher degree of firmness and lower soluble solid content than control fruit treated with distilled water.Moreover,AOS treatment inhibited the activity of polygalacturonase and pectinesterase,while enhancing the activity of polyphenoloxidase,l-phenylalanine ammonia lyase andβ-1,3-glucanase related to pathogen defense,and also improved total antioxidant capacity determined by the DPPH,FRAP,and ABTS methods in kiwifruit.These results indicate that 50 mg·L-1 AOS can confer disease resistance in kiwifruit during storage.展开更多
Light plays a critical role in plant growth and development,but the mechanisms through which light regulates fruit ripening and nutritional quality in horticultural crops remain largely unknown.Here,we found that ELON...Light plays a critical role in plant growth and development,but the mechanisms through which light regulates fruit ripening and nutritional quality in horticultural crops remain largely unknown.Here,we found that ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5(HY5),a master regulator in the light signaling pathway,is required for normal fruit ripening in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum).Loss of function of tomato HY5(SlHY5)impairs pigment accumulation and ethylene biosynthesis.Transcriptome profiling identified 2948 differentially expressed genes,which included 1424 downregulated and 1524 upregulated genes,in the Slhy5 mutants.In addition,genes involved in carotenoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis and ethylene signaling were revealed as direct targets of SlHY5 by chromatin immunoprecipitation.Surprisingly,the expression of a large proportion of genes encoding ribosomal proteins was downregulated in the Slhy5 mutants,and this downregulation pattern was accompanied by a decrease in the abundance of ribosomal proteins.Further analysis demonstrated that SlHY5 affected the translation efficiency of numerous ripening-related genes.These data indicate that SlHY5 regulates fruit ripening both at the transcriptional level by targeting specific molecular pathways and at the translational level by affecting the protein translation machinery.Our findings unravel the regulatory mechanisms of SlHY5 in controlling fruit ripening and nutritional quality and uncover the multifaceted regulation of gene expression by transcription factors.展开更多
Fresh fruits are highly valued by consumers worldwide,owing to their delicious flavors,abundant nutrients,and health-promoting characteristics,and as such,fruits make up an important component of a healthy diet.The po...Fresh fruits are highly valued by consumers worldwide,owing to their delicious flavors,abundant nutrients,and health-promoting characteristics,and as such,fruits make up an important component of a healthy diet.The postharvest quality and safety of fresh fruit involve complex interactions among the fruit,environmental factors,and postharvest pathogens.Efficient regulation of fruit senescence and pathogen resistance,as well as disease-causing abilities of postharvest pathogens,is critical to understanding the fundamental mechanisms that underlie fruit quality and safety.This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances and currently available strategies for maintaining fruit quality and controlling major postharvest pathogens,mainly Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum,which may promote sustainable and environmental-friendly development of the fruit industry.展开更多
Sugars are fundamental metabolites synthesized in leaves and further delivered to fruit in fruit crops.They not only provide"sweetness"as fruit quality traits,but also function as signaling molecules to modu...Sugars are fundamental metabolites synthesized in leaves and further delivered to fruit in fruit crops.They not only provide"sweetness"as fruit quality traits,but also function as signaling molecules to modulate the responses of fruit to environmental stimuli.Therefore,the understanding to the molec-ular basis for sugar metabolism and transport is crucial for improving fruit quality and dissecting responses to abiotic/biotic factors.Here,we provide a review for mol ecular components involved in sugar metabolism and transport,crostalk with hormone signaling and the roles of sugars in responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.Moreover,we also envisage the strategies for optimizing sugar metabolism during fruit quality maintenance.展开更多
The objective of this present research is to study the biological basis of browning in peach fruit during storage at low temperatures.After being immersed in 0 or 2mmol·L^(-1)salicylic acid(SA)aqueous solution fo...The objective of this present research is to study the biological basis of browning in peach fruit during storage at low temperatures.After being immersed in 0 or 2mmol·L^(-1)salicylic acid(SA)aqueous solution for 10 min,peach fruit(Prunus persica L.cv.Hongtao)were stored at 10℃,5℃or 0℃with or without shelf life at 25℃.During storage,the progress of browning,lipid peroxidation,phenol content,activities of polyphenol oxidase(PPO,E.C.1.14.18.1)and guaiacol peroxidase(POD,EC 1.11.1.7),redox state of ascorbate and glutathione,as well as the content,location and metabolism of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))in the fruit were examined.The results indicated that a decrease in H_(2)O_(2)content was correlated with browning,whereas phenol content and activities of PPO and POD were not correlated with the change in H_(2)O_(2)content.Moreover,H_(2)O_(2)content was influenced by different responses of antioxidants at different storage conditions.It was concluded that the main effect of H_(2)O_(2)on browning was to regulate its appearance and development as a signal molecule,and lower H_(2)O_(2)content was beneficial to browning.展开更多
The DNA binding with one finger(Dof)proteins are plant-specific transcription factors involved in a variety of biological processes.However,little is known about their functions in fruit ripening,a flowering-plant-spe...The DNA binding with one finger(Dof)proteins are plant-specific transcription factors involved in a variety of biological processes.However,little is known about their functions in fruit ripening,a flowering-plant-specific process that is required for seed maturation and dispersal.Here,we found that the tomato Dof transcription factor SlDof1,is necessary for normal fruit ripening.Knockdown of SlDof1 expression by RNA interference delayed ripening-related processes,including lycopene synthesis and ethylene production.Transcriptome profiling indicated that SlDof1 influences the expression of hundreds of genes,and a chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed a large number of SlDof1 binding sites.A total of 312 genes were identified as direct targets of SlDof1,among which 162 were negatively regulated by SlDof1 and 150 were positively regulated.The SlDof1 target genes were involved in a variety of metabolic pathways,and follow-up analyses verified that SlDof1 directly regulates some well-known ripening-related genes including ACS2 and PG2A as well as transcriptional repressor genes such as SlIAA27.Our findings provide insights into the transcriptional regulatory networks underlying fruit ripening and highlight a gene potentially useful for genetic engineering to control ripening.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930086 and 32172642)the National Key Research and Development(R&D)Program of China(2016YFD0400902 and 2021YFD2100505).
文摘Light is a fundamental environmental factor for living organisms on earth—not only as a primary energy source but also as an informational signal.In fungi,light can be used as an indicator for both time and space to control important physiological and morphological responses.Botrytis cinerea(B.cinerea)is a devastating phytopathogenic fungus that exploits light cues to optimize virulence and the balance between conidiation and sclerotia development,thereby improving its dispersal and survival in ecosystems.However,the components and mechanisms underlying these processes remain obscure.Here,we identify a novel light-signaling component in B.cinerea,BcCfaS,which encodes a putative cyclopropane fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase.BcCfaS is strongly induced by light at the transcriptional level and plays a crucial role in regulating photomorphogenesis.Deletion of BcCfaS results in reduced vegetative growth,altered colony morphology,impaired sclerotial development,and enhanced conidiation in a lightdependent manner.Moreover,the mutant exhibits serious defects in stress response and virulence on the host.Based on a lipidomics analysis,a number of previously unknown fungal lipids and many BcCfaS-regulated lipids are identified in B.cinerea,including several novel phospholipids and fatty acids.Importantly,we find that BcCfaS controls conidiation and sclerotial development by positively regulating methyl jasmonate(MeJA)synthesis to activate the transcription of light-signaling components,revealing for the first time the metabolic base of photomorphogenesis in fungi.Thus,we propose that BcCfaS serves as an integration node for light and lipid metabolism,thereby providing a regulatory mechanism by which fungi adapt their development to a changing light environment.These new findings provide an important target for antifungal design to prevent and control fungal disease.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD0401303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31722043,31930086)Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(Y201919)。
文摘Kiwifruit is an extremely perishable fruit;postharvest disease and senescence during storage can reduce the fruit quality,resulting in economic loss.Considerable research effort has focused on identifying safe and cost-effective ways to preserve fresh kiwifruit.To this end,the present study investigated the effects of alginate oligosaccharide(AOS)soaking treatment on postharvest quality and disease in the‘Bruno’variety of kiwifruit.The involved physiological mechanisms were further explored.The results showed that AOS did not inhibit the growth of Botrytis cinerea in vitro,the causal agent of gray mold in kiwifruit,but reduced the incidence of gray mold and diameter of lesions of kiwifruit during storage.Kiwifruit treated with 50 mg·L-1 AOS showed a higher degree of firmness and lower soluble solid content than control fruit treated with distilled water.Moreover,AOS treatment inhibited the activity of polygalacturonase and pectinesterase,while enhancing the activity of polyphenoloxidase,l-phenylalanine ammonia lyase andβ-1,3-glucanase related to pathogen defense,and also improved total antioxidant capacity determined by the DPPH,FRAP,and ABTS methods in kiwifruit.These results indicate that 50 mg·L-1 AOS can confer disease resistance in kiwifruit during storage.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.31801601,31925035,and 31871855)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018T110153)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2019083).
文摘Light plays a critical role in plant growth and development,but the mechanisms through which light regulates fruit ripening and nutritional quality in horticultural crops remain largely unknown.Here,we found that ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5(HY5),a master regulator in the light signaling pathway,is required for normal fruit ripening in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum).Loss of function of tomato HY5(SlHY5)impairs pigment accumulation and ethylene biosynthesis.Transcriptome profiling identified 2948 differentially expressed genes,which included 1424 downregulated and 1524 upregulated genes,in the Slhy5 mutants.In addition,genes involved in carotenoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis and ethylene signaling were revealed as direct targets of SlHY5 by chromatin immunoprecipitation.Surprisingly,the expression of a large proportion of genes encoding ribosomal proteins was downregulated in the Slhy5 mutants,and this downregulation pattern was accompanied by a decrease in the abundance of ribosomal proteins.Further analysis demonstrated that SlHY5 affected the translation efficiency of numerous ripening-related genes.These data indicate that SlHY5 regulates fruit ripening both at the transcriptional level by targeting specific molecular pathways and at the translational level by affecting the protein translation machinery.Our findings unravel the regulatory mechanisms of SlHY5 in controlling fruit ripening and nutritional quality and uncover the multifaceted regulation of gene expression by transcription factors.
基金This study was supported by project funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31530057,31930086,31672210,31722043,and 31671910).
文摘Fresh fruits are highly valued by consumers worldwide,owing to their delicious flavors,abundant nutrients,and health-promoting characteristics,and as such,fruits make up an important component of a healthy diet.The postharvest quality and safety of fresh fruit involve complex interactions among the fruit,environmental factors,and postharvest pathogens.Efficient regulation of fruit senescence and pathogen resistance,as well as disease-causing abilities of postharvest pathogens,is critical to understanding the fundamental mechanisms that underlie fruit quality and safety.This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances and currently available strategies for maintaining fruit quality and controlling major postharvest pathogens,mainly Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum,which may promote sustainable and environmental-friendly development of the fruit industry.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930086,32072637).
文摘Sugars are fundamental metabolites synthesized in leaves and further delivered to fruit in fruit crops.They not only provide"sweetness"as fruit quality traits,but also function as signaling molecules to modulate the responses of fruit to environmental stimuli.Therefore,the understanding to the molec-ular basis for sugar metabolism and transport is crucial for improving fruit quality and dissecting responses to abiotic/biotic factors.Here,we provide a review for mol ecular components involved in sugar metabolism and transport,crostalk with hormone signaling and the roles of sugars in responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.Moreover,we also envisage the strategies for optimizing sugar metabolism during fruit quality maintenance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30771757)partly supported by the New Teacher Foundation of Jiangnan University+1 种基金the Young Food Scientist Research Award of Jiangnan University(Project No.FS-200803)the Research Program of State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology.
文摘The objective of this present research is to study the biological basis of browning in peach fruit during storage at low temperatures.After being immersed in 0 or 2mmol·L^(-1)salicylic acid(SA)aqueous solution for 10 min,peach fruit(Prunus persica L.cv.Hongtao)were stored at 10℃,5℃or 0℃with or without shelf life at 25℃.During storage,the progress of browning,lipid peroxidation,phenol content,activities of polyphenol oxidase(PPO,E.C.1.14.18.1)and guaiacol peroxidase(POD,EC 1.11.1.7),redox state of ascorbate and glutathione,as well as the content,location and metabolism of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))in the fruit were examined.The results indicated that a decrease in H_(2)O_(2)content was correlated with browning,whereas phenol content and activities of PPO and POD were not correlated with the change in H_(2)O_(2)content.Moreover,H_(2)O_(2)content was influenced by different responses of antioxidants at different storage conditions.It was concluded that the main effect of H_(2)O_(2)on browning was to regulate its appearance and development as a signal molecule,and lower H_(2)O_(2)content was beneficial to browning.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.31925035,31930086,and 31572174).
文摘The DNA binding with one finger(Dof)proteins are plant-specific transcription factors involved in a variety of biological processes.However,little is known about their functions in fruit ripening,a flowering-plant-specific process that is required for seed maturation and dispersal.Here,we found that the tomato Dof transcription factor SlDof1,is necessary for normal fruit ripening.Knockdown of SlDof1 expression by RNA interference delayed ripening-related processes,including lycopene synthesis and ethylene production.Transcriptome profiling indicated that SlDof1 influences the expression of hundreds of genes,and a chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed a large number of SlDof1 binding sites.A total of 312 genes were identified as direct targets of SlDof1,among which 162 were negatively regulated by SlDof1 and 150 were positively regulated.The SlDof1 target genes were involved in a variety of metabolic pathways,and follow-up analyses verified that SlDof1 directly regulates some well-known ripening-related genes including ACS2 and PG2A as well as transcriptional repressor genes such as SlIAA27.Our findings provide insights into the transcriptional regulatory networks underlying fruit ripening and highlight a gene potentially useful for genetic engineering to control ripening.
