With the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related metabolic syndrome,such as insulin resistance in recent years,it is urgent to explore effective interventions to prevent the progression of obesity-related metabolic ...With the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related metabolic syndrome,such as insulin resistance in recent years,it is urgent to explore effective interventions to prevent the progression of obesity-related metabolic syndrome.Palmitoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid that is available from dietary sources,mainly derived from marine products.P almitoleic acid plays a positive role in maintaining glucose homeostasis and reducing inflammation.However,it is still unknow the mechanism of palmitoleic acid in ameliorating insulin resistance.Here,we investigated the effects of palmitoleic acid on chow diet(CD)-fed and high-fat diet(HFD)-fed mice,which were fed CD or HFD for 12 weeks before administration.We administrated mice with BSA(control),oleic acid,or palmitoleic acid for 6 weeks on top of CD or HFD feeding.We found that palmitoleic acid only improved glucose homeostasis in HFD-fed obese mice by increasing glucose clearance and reducing HOMA-IR.Further study explored that palmitoleic acid changed the composition of gut microbiota by decreasing Firmicutes population and increasing Bacteroidetes population.In colon,palmitoleic acid increased intestinal tight junction integrity and reduced inflammation.Moreover,palmitoleic acid decreased macrophage infiltration in liver and adipose tissue and increase glucose uptake in adipose tissue.Diacylglycerol(DAG)in tissue(for example,liver)is found to positively correlated with HOMA-IR.HFD enhanced the levels of DAGs in liver but not in adipose tissue in this study.Palmitoleic acid did not reverse the high DAG levels induced by HFD in liver.Therefore,in HFD-fed mice,palmitoleic acid reduced insulin resistance by an independent-manner of DAGs.It might be associated with the beneficial effects of palmitoleic acid on altering the gut microbiota composition,improving of intestinal barrier function,and downregulating the inflammation in colon,liver,and adipose tissue.展开更多
We examined the development of soil nematodes ecological indices from the perspective off unctionaltraits.We found that soil nematode energy flow analyses based on multiple functional traits quantify the dynamics of e...We examined the development of soil nematodes ecological indices from the perspective off unctionaltraits.We found that soil nematode energy flow analyses based on multiple functional traits quantify the dynamics of energy flow across multipletrophic levels to provide a more comprehensive perspective.We conducted comparative analyses of the sensitivities of NMF and energy flow to verify that the energy flow analyses are more sensitive and have greater potential to reveal soil health and ecosystem function.Future in-depth studies of functional traits and energy flow analysis can help us achieve informed soil management practices,sustainable agriculture,andhealthiersoilecosystems.nignerEauc Tess CT Nematode ecological index based on functional traits:MI El,S,BI,C1 NMF Bongen.1990 Ferrisetal,2001 Ferris,2010 energs low analysis of soil nematodes Compare thecological index(NMf)and Bacterivores(Ba)Functional traits Energy flux Fungihores(Fn)rahn Soilnematodes latitude Lindicator Plant-parasites(PP)PF Energflus Soilhealth Omnivores-predators(oP)latitude Energy flow analysis of soil nematodes:By quantifying energy fux among trophic groups Barbes et al.,2014,2018 This paper examines the development of ecological indices for soil nematodes from the perspective of functional traits.It emphasizes the increasing significance of integrating multiple functional traits to achieve a more accurate assessment of soil health.Ecological indices based on life history strategies,feeding habits,and body size provide useful tools for assessing soil health.However,these indices do not fully capture the dynamics ofenergyflow across multiple-trophic levels inthesoil foodweb,which is critical fora deeperunderstanding of the intrinsic properties of soil health.By combining functional traits such as functional group,body size,feeding preference and metabolic rate,nematode energy flow analyses provide a more comprehensive perspective.This approach establishes a direct correlation between changes in the morphology,physiology,and metabolism of soil organisms and alterations in their habitat environment.We conducted comparative analyses of the sensitivity of nematode metabolic footprints and energy flow to latitudinal variation using a nematode dataset from the northeastern black soil region in China.The findings suggest that energy flow analyses are more sensitive to latitude and have greater potential to reveal soil health and ecosystem function.Therefore,future research should prioritize the development of automated and efficient methods for analyzing nematode traits.This will enhance the application of energy flow analyses in nematode food webs and support the development of sustainable soil management and agriculturalpractices.展开更多
To evaluate the effect of organic amendments on soil nematode community composition and diversity within aggregate fractions,a study was initiated in agricultural soils with four-year organic amendments.Soil samples w...To evaluate the effect of organic amendments on soil nematode community composition and diversity within aggregate fractions,a study was initiated in agricultural soils with four-year organic amendments.Soil samples were collected from the plow layer(0-20 cm)under three cornfield management scenarios:1)conventional cropping(CK,corn straw removal and no organic manure application);2)straw retention(SR,incorporation of chopped corn stalk);and 3)manure application(MA,chicken manure input).The soil samples were fractionated into four aggregate sizes,i.e.,>2 mm(large macroaggregates),1-2 mm(macroaggregates),0.25-1 mm(small macroaggregates),and<0.25 mm(microaggregates,silt and clay fractions).The composition and diversity of soil nematode communities were determined within each aggregate fraction.The results showed that both SR and MA treatments significantly increased the percentage of macroaggregates(>1 mm)and only MA treatment strongly increased the mean weight diameter compared to the CK(P<0.05).The abundance of total nematodes and four trophic groups were affected significantly by the aggregate fractions and their higher abundance occurred in the larger aggregates.The effects of aggregate size on most nematode genera were significant.Bacterivores in the small macroaggregates and microaggregates,and fungivores in the large macroaggregates were significantly different among treatments.The percentage of bacterivores increased after the application of organic materials,while that of fungivores decreased.It can be concluded that organic management significantly affects soil aggregation and soil characteristics within aggregates,and the aggregate size subsequently influences the distribution of nematode communities.展开更多
基金by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81803224)Young Scholars Program of Shandong University(2018WLJH33)to X.G.+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973031)Cheeloo Young Scholar Program of Shandong University(21320089963054)to H.W.Young Scholars Program of Shandong University(2018WLJH34)the Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(LMDBKF-2019-05)to L.D.
文摘With the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related metabolic syndrome,such as insulin resistance in recent years,it is urgent to explore effective interventions to prevent the progression of obesity-related metabolic syndrome.Palmitoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid that is available from dietary sources,mainly derived from marine products.P almitoleic acid plays a positive role in maintaining glucose homeostasis and reducing inflammation.However,it is still unknow the mechanism of palmitoleic acid in ameliorating insulin resistance.Here,we investigated the effects of palmitoleic acid on chow diet(CD)-fed and high-fat diet(HFD)-fed mice,which were fed CD or HFD for 12 weeks before administration.We administrated mice with BSA(control),oleic acid,or palmitoleic acid for 6 weeks on top of CD or HFD feeding.We found that palmitoleic acid only improved glucose homeostasis in HFD-fed obese mice by increasing glucose clearance and reducing HOMA-IR.Further study explored that palmitoleic acid changed the composition of gut microbiota by decreasing Firmicutes population and increasing Bacteroidetes population.In colon,palmitoleic acid increased intestinal tight junction integrity and reduced inflammation.Moreover,palmitoleic acid decreased macrophage infiltration in liver and adipose tissue and increase glucose uptake in adipose tissue.Diacylglycerol(DAG)in tissue(for example,liver)is found to positively correlated with HOMA-IR.HFD enhanced the levels of DAGs in liver but not in adipose tissue in this study.Palmitoleic acid did not reverse the high DAG levels induced by HFD in liver.Therefore,in HFD-fed mice,palmitoleic acid reduced insulin resistance by an independent-manner of DAGs.It might be associated with the beneficial effects of palmitoleic acid on altering the gut microbiota composition,improving of intestinal barrier function,and downregulating the inflammation in colon,liver,and adipose tissue.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42077046,31800440)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1500203)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA28020401)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2021228)the Young Scientist Group Project of Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology(Grant No.2022QNXZ04).
文摘We examined the development of soil nematodes ecological indices from the perspective off unctionaltraits.We found that soil nematode energy flow analyses based on multiple functional traits quantify the dynamics of energy flow across multipletrophic levels to provide a more comprehensive perspective.We conducted comparative analyses of the sensitivities of NMF and energy flow to verify that the energy flow analyses are more sensitive and have greater potential to reveal soil health and ecosystem function.Future in-depth studies of functional traits and energy flow analysis can help us achieve informed soil management practices,sustainable agriculture,andhealthiersoilecosystems.nignerEauc Tess CT Nematode ecological index based on functional traits:MI El,S,BI,C1 NMF Bongen.1990 Ferrisetal,2001 Ferris,2010 energs low analysis of soil nematodes Compare thecological index(NMf)and Bacterivores(Ba)Functional traits Energy flux Fungihores(Fn)rahn Soilnematodes latitude Lindicator Plant-parasites(PP)PF Energflus Soilhealth Omnivores-predators(oP)latitude Energy flow analysis of soil nematodes:By quantifying energy fux among trophic groups Barbes et al.,2014,2018 This paper examines the development of ecological indices for soil nematodes from the perspective of functional traits.It emphasizes the increasing significance of integrating multiple functional traits to achieve a more accurate assessment of soil health.Ecological indices based on life history strategies,feeding habits,and body size provide useful tools for assessing soil health.However,these indices do not fully capture the dynamics ofenergyflow across multiple-trophic levels inthesoil foodweb,which is critical fora deeperunderstanding of the intrinsic properties of soil health.By combining functional traits such as functional group,body size,feeding preference and metabolic rate,nematode energy flow analyses provide a more comprehensive perspective.This approach establishes a direct correlation between changes in the morphology,physiology,and metabolism of soil organisms and alterations in their habitat environment.We conducted comparative analyses of the sensitivity of nematode metabolic footprints and energy flow to latitudinal variation using a nematode dataset from the northeastern black soil region in China.The findings suggest that energy flow analyses are more sensitive to latitude and have greater potential to reveal soil health and ecosystem function.Therefore,future research should prioritize the development of automated and efficient methods for analyzing nematode traits.This will enhance the application of energy flow analyses in nematode food webs and support the development of sustainable soil management and agriculturalpractices.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Plan of China(No.2016YFD0300204).
文摘To evaluate the effect of organic amendments on soil nematode community composition and diversity within aggregate fractions,a study was initiated in agricultural soils with four-year organic amendments.Soil samples were collected from the plow layer(0-20 cm)under three cornfield management scenarios:1)conventional cropping(CK,corn straw removal and no organic manure application);2)straw retention(SR,incorporation of chopped corn stalk);and 3)manure application(MA,chicken manure input).The soil samples were fractionated into four aggregate sizes,i.e.,>2 mm(large macroaggregates),1-2 mm(macroaggregates),0.25-1 mm(small macroaggregates),and<0.25 mm(microaggregates,silt and clay fractions).The composition and diversity of soil nematode communities were determined within each aggregate fraction.The results showed that both SR and MA treatments significantly increased the percentage of macroaggregates(>1 mm)and only MA treatment strongly increased the mean weight diameter compared to the CK(P<0.05).The abundance of total nematodes and four trophic groups were affected significantly by the aggregate fractions and their higher abundance occurred in the larger aggregates.The effects of aggregate size on most nematode genera were significant.Bacterivores in the small macroaggregates and microaggregates,and fungivores in the large macroaggregates were significantly different among treatments.The percentage of bacterivores increased after the application of organic materials,while that of fungivores decreased.It can be concluded that organic management significantly affects soil aggregation and soil characteristics within aggregates,and the aggregate size subsequently influences the distribution of nematode communities.
