To assess the widely used submerged side-blowing in pyrometallurgy,a high-speed camera-digital image processing-statistical approach was used to systematically investigate the effects of the gas flow rate,nozzle diame...To assess the widely used submerged side-blowing in pyrometallurgy,a high-speed camera-digital image processing-statistical approach was used to systematically investigate the effects of the gas flow rate,nozzle diameter,and inclination angle on the space-time distribution and penetration behavior of submerged side-blown gas in an air-water system.The results show that the gas motion gradually changes from a bubbling regime to a steady jetting regime and the formation of a complete jet structure as the flow rate increases.When the flow rate is low,a bubble area is formed by large bubbles in the area above the nozzle.When the flow rate and the nozzle diameter are significant,a bubble area is formed by tiny bubbles in the area above the nozzle.The increased inclination angle requires a more significant flow rate to form a complete jet structure.In the sampling time,the dimensionless horizontal and vertical penetration depths are Gaussian distributed.Decreasing the nozzle diameter and increasing the flow rate or inclination angle will increase the distribution range and discreteness.New correlations for a penetration depth with an error of±20%were obtained through dimensional analysis.The dimensionless horizontal penetration depth of an argon-melt system in a 120 t converter calculated by the correlation proposed by the current study is close to the result calculated by a correlation in the literature and a numerical simulation result in the literature.展开更多
AIM: To compare effects of different resuscitation fluid on microcirculation, inflammation, intestinal barrier and clinical results in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with SAP...AIM: To compare effects of different resuscitation fluid on microcirculation, inflammation, intestinal barrier and clinical results in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with SAP were enrolled at the Pancreatic Disease Institute between January 2007 and March 2010. The patients were randomly treated with normal saline (NS group), combination of normal saline and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) (SH group), combination of normal saline, hydroxyethyl starch and glutamine (SHG group) in resuscitation. The ratio of normal saline to HES in the SH and SHG groups was 3:1. The glutamine (20% glutamine dipeptide, 100 mL/d) was supplemented into the resuscitation liquid in the SHG group. Complications and outcomes including respiratory and abdominal infection, sepsis, abdominal hemorrhage, intra-abdominal hypertension, abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), renal failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), operation intervention, length of intensive care unit stay, length of hospital stay, and mortality at 60 d were compared. Moreover, blood oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ), gastric intramucosal pH value (pHi), intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), inflammation cytokines, urine lactulose/mannitol (L/M) ratio, and serum endotoxin were investigated to evaluate the inflammatory reaction and gut barrier. RESULTS: Compared to the NS group, patients in the SH and SHG groups accessed the endpoint more quickly (3.9 ± 0.23 d and 4.1 ± 0.21 d vs 5.8 ± 0.25 d, P < 0.05) with less fluid volume (67.26 ± 28.53 mL/kg/d, 61.79 ± 27.61 mL/kg per day vs 85.23 ± 21.27 mL/kg per day, P < 0.05). Compared to the NS group, incidence of renal dysfunction, ARDS, MODS and ACS in the SH and SHG groups was obviously lower. Furthermore, incidence of respiratory and abdominal infection was significantly decreased in the SH and SHG groups, while no significant difference in sepsis was seen. Moreover, less operation time was needed in the SH and SHG group than the NS group, but the difference was not significant. The mortality did not differ significantly among these groups. Blood SpO 2 and gastric mucosal pHi in the SH and SHG groups increased more quickly than in the NS group, while IAP was significantly decreased in the SH and SHG group. Moreover, the serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-8 and C-reactive protein levels in the SH and SHG groups were obviously lower than in the NS group at each time point. Furthermore, urine L/M ratio and serum endotoxin were significantly lower in the SH group and further decreased in the SHG group.CONCLUSION: Results indicated that combination of normal saline, HES and glutamine are more efficient in resuscitation of SAP by relieving inflammation and sustaining the intestinal barrier.展开更多
Acute liver failure(ALF)has an abrupt onset with a frequently fatal outcome.Previous studies have found that oral antibiotics prevent drug-induced liver injury in animal experiments,indicating that the gut microbiota ...Acute liver failure(ALF)has an abrupt onset with a frequently fatal outcome.Previous studies have found that oral antibiotics prevent drug-induced liver injury in animal experiments,indicating that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in the pathophysiological process.However,the underlying mechanism has not been fully understood.This study explored the comprehensive role of the gut microbiota in ALF using multi-omics.A cocktail of broad-spectrum antibiotics(Abx)pretreatment by gavage for four weeks improved the survival of D-(+)-galactosamine hydrochloride(D-Gal)/lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced ALF in C57BL/6 mice.RNA sequencing showed that inflammatory responses were inhibited and metabolic pathways were upregulated in the liver of Abx-treated ALF mice.The 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that Abx reshaped the composition and function of the gut microbiota,with an increased proportion of tryptophan(Trp)metabolism.In addition,global metabolic profiling by ultraperformance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(UPLC–MS)indicated that the gut microbiota post-Abx intervention reduced Trp excretion,liberated more Trp to the host,and enhanced the kynurenine(Kyn)pathway with increased production of Kyn.As an endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)ligand,Kyn has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.Furthermore,AhR-targeted treatments affected the outcome of ALF mice with or without Abx pretreatment,indicating that AhR directly regulated susceptibility to ALF,at least in part.This study demonstrates that the gut microbiota-dependent control of the Trp metabolism could regulate host susceptibility to ALF by modulating the activity of AhR,and thus provides a promising target for better management of ALF.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) encompasses a series of patho.logic changes ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis,which may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocel.lular carcinoma.The purpose of thi...OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) encompasses a series of patho.logic changes ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis,which may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocel.lular carcinoma.The purpose of this study was to determine whether Ganoderma lucidum polysaccha.ride peptide(GLPP) has therapeutic effect on NAFLD.METHODS ob/ob mouse model and ApoC3 transgenic mouse model were used for exploring the effect of GLPP on NAFLD.Key metabolic path.ways and enzymes were identified by metabolomics combining with KEGG and PIUmet analyses and key enzymes were detected by Western blotting.Hepatosteatosis models of HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes were used to further confirm the therapeutic effect of GLPP on NAFLD.RESULTS GLPP administrated for a month alleviated hepatosteatosis,dyslipidemia,liver dysfunction and liver insulin resistance.Pathways of glycerophospholipid metabolism,fatty acid metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis were involved in the therapeutic effect of GLPP on NAFLD.Detection of key enzymes revealed that GLPP reversed low expression of CYP7 A1,CYP8 B1,FXR,SHP and high expression of FGFR4 in ob/ob mice and ApoC3 mice.Besides,GLPP inhibited fatty acid synthesis by reducing the expression of SREBP1 c,FAS and ACC via a FXR-SHP dependent mechanism.Additionally,GLPP reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets and the content of TG in HepG2 cells and primary hepato.cytes induced by oleic acid and palmitic acid.CONCLUSION GLPP significantly improves NAFLD via regulating bile acid synthesis dependent on FXR-SHP/FGF pathway,which finally inhibits fatty acid synthesis,indicating that GLPP might be developed as a therapeutic drug for NAFLD.展开更多
Following operative treatment of chondrosarcoma,post-surgery tissue reconstruction may be confronted with daunting challenges,including the delayed self-repair of defective tissue,tumor recurrence,and bac-terial infec...Following operative treatment of chondrosarcoma,post-surgery tissue reconstruction may be confronted with daunting challenges,including the delayed self-repair of defective tissue,tumor recurrence,and bac-terial infection.To overcome these challenges,a methacrylic anhydride(MA)modified sericin(SerMA)solution mixed with procyanidins(PC)loaded polydopamine(PDA)modified ZIF-8(PC@ZIF-8@PDA)nanoparticles to form a multifunctional PC@ZIF-8@PDA/SerMA hydrogel after exposure under blue light.Hydrogel products with pre-designed shapes were printed out by using the SerMA solution carrying PC@ZIF-8@PDA nanoparticles and chondrocytes,indicating that PC@ZIF-8@PDA/SerMA hydrogels with personalized shapes can be fabricated via 3D printing.Photocrosslinked PC@ZIF-8@PDA/SerMA hydrogel is able to kill chondrosarcoma cells and bacteria,like Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),and Escherichia coli(E.coli),by its photothermal activity combined with near-infrared radiation(NIR).The PC@ZIF-8@PDA/SerMA hydrogel exhibited an antioxidative activity and a good biocompatibility and was easily monitored by its florescent and photoacoustic properties.Rabbit articular cartilage defects were efficiently repaired by PC@ZIF-8@PDA/SerMA hydrogels with encapsulated corresponding autologous chondrocytes,and mice skin burning wounds were swiftly regenerated by applying this hydrogel.Hence,the PC@ZIF-8@PDA/SerMA hydrogel can be potentially applied to the clinic treatment of chondrosarcoma and tissue defect repair after chondrosarcoma resection due to its multifunction in the future.展开更多
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has demonstrated that N6-methyladenosine(m6A)RNA modification plays an essential role in a wide range of pathological conditions.Impaired autophagy is a critical hallmark of acute pancre...BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has demonstrated that N6-methyladenosine(m6A)RNA modification plays an essential role in a wide range of pathological conditions.Impaired autophagy is a critical hallmark of acute pancreatitis(AP).AIM To explore the role of the m6A modification of ZKSCAN3 in the regulation of autophagy in AP.METHODS The AP mouse cell model was established by cerulein-treated mouse pancreatic acinar cells(MPC-83),and the results were confirmed by the levels of amylase and inflammatory factors.Autophagy activity was evaluated by specific identification of the autophagy-related microstructure and the expression of autophagy-related genes.ZKSCAN3 and ALKBH5 were knocked down to study the function in AP.A m6A RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assay was used to study how the m6A modification of ZKSCAN3 mRNA is regulated by ALKBH.RESULTS The increased expression of amylase and inflammatory factors in the supernatant and the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles verified that the AP mouse cell model was established.The downregulation of LAMP2 and upregulation of LC3-II/I and SQSTM1 demonstrated that autophagy was impaired in AP.The expression of ZKSCAN3 was upregulated in AP.Inhibition of ZKSCAN3 increased the expression of LAMP2 and decreased the expression of the inflammatory factors,LC3-II/I and SQSTM1.Furthermore,ALKBH5 was upregulated in AP.Knockdown of ALKBH5 downregulated ZKSCAN3 expression and restored decreased autophagic flux in AP.Notably,the bioinformatic analysis revealed 23 potential m6A modification sites on ZKSCAN3 mRNA.The m6A modification of ZKSCAN3 mRNA was significantly decreased in AP.Knockdown of ALKBH5 increased the modification of ZKSCAN3 mRNA,which confirmed that ALKBH5 upregulated ZKSCAN3 expression in a m6A-dependent manner.CONCLUSION ALKBH5 inhibits autophagic flux through m6A demethylation of ZKSCAN3 mRNA in AP,thereby aggravating the severity of the disease.展开更多
Central nervous system(CNS)injuries,including stroke,traumatic brain injury,and spinal cord injury,are leading causes of long-term disability.It is estimated that more than half of the survivors of severe unilateral i...Central nervous system(CNS)injuries,including stroke,traumatic brain injury,and spinal cord injury,are leading causes of long-term disability.It is estimated that more than half of the survivors of severe unilateral injury are unable to use the denervated limb.Previous studies have focused on neuroprotective interventions in the affected hemisphere to limit brain lesions and neurorepair measures to promote recovery.However,the ability to increase plasticity in the injured brain is restricted and difficult to improve.Therefore,over several decades,researchers have been prompted to enhance the compensation by the unaffected hemisphere.Animal experiments have revealed that regrowth of ipsilateral descending fibers from the unaffected hemisphere to denervated motor neurons plays a significant role in the restoration of motor function.In addition,several clinical treatments have been designed to restore ipsilateral motor control,including brain stimulation,nerve transfer surgery,and brain–computer interface systems.Here,we comprehensively review the neural mechanisms as well as translational applications of ipsilateral motor control upon rehabilitation after CNS injuries.展开更多
Nickel metal hydride(Ni-MH) rechargeable batteries hold an important position in the new-energy vehicle market owing to their key technology advantages. Their negative electrode materials—hydrogen storage alloys(HSAs...Nickel metal hydride(Ni-MH) rechargeable batteries hold an important position in the new-energy vehicle market owing to their key technology advantages. Their negative electrode materials—hydrogen storage alloys(HSAs) are always on the spotlight and are the key to compete with the burgeoning Li-ion batteries. Here, for the first time we report a series of biphase supperlattice HSAs with a(La,Mg)_(2)Ni_7 matrix phase and a novel(La,Mg)_(7)Ni_(23) secondary phase. The biphase alloys show discharge capacities of402–413 m Ahg^(-1) compared with 376–397 mAhg^(-1) of the other multi-or single-phase alloys. These values are among the highest for superlattice HSAs. In addition, the alloy with 15.4 wt.%(La,Mg)_(7)Ni_(23) phase exhibits good high rate dischargeability due to the proper compromise between the amount of crystal boundaries and equilibrium plateau voltage. The cycling stability of the biphase alloys is lower than that of the single-phase alloy but is till higher than the multiphase alloy. The novel superlattice biphase alloys with superior overall electrochemical properties are expected to inspire further design and development of HSAs as advanced electrode materials for power batteries.展开更多
Endogenous salicylic acid(SA) regulates leaf senescence, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unexplored. The exogenous application of SA to living plants is not efficient for inducing leaf senescence. By taki...Endogenous salicylic acid(SA) regulates leaf senescence, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unexplored. The exogenous application of SA to living plants is not efficient for inducing leaf senescence. By taking advantage of probenazole(PBZ)-inducedbiosynthesisof endogenous SA, we previously established a chemical inducible leaf senescence system that depends on SA biosynthesis and its core signaling receptor NPR1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here,using this system, we identified WRKY46 and WRKY6 as key components of the transcriptional machinery downstream of NPR1 signaling. Upon PBZ treatment, the wrky46 mutant exhibited significantly delayed leaf senescence. We demonstrate that NPR1 is essential for PBZ/SA-induced WRKY46 activation, whereas WRKY46 in turn enhances NPR1 expression. WRKY46 interacts with NPR1 in the nucleus, binding to the W-box of the WRKY6 promoter to induce its expression in response to SA signaling. Dysfunction of WRKY6 abolished PBZ-induced leaf senescence, while overexpression of WRKY6 was sufficient to accelerate leaf senescence even under normal growth conditions, suggesting that WRKY6 may serve as an integration node of multiple leaf senescence signaling pathways. Taken together,these findings reveal that the NPR1-WRKY46-WRKY6 signaling cascade plays a critical role in PBZ/SA-mediated leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.展开更多
Temperature rise is a significant factor influencing microstructure during(α+β) deformation of TA15 titanium alloy.An experiment was designed to explore microstructure evolution induced by temperature rise due to de...Temperature rise is a significant factor influencing microstructure during(α+β) deformation of TA15 titanium alloy.An experiment was designed to explore microstructure evolution induced by temperature rise due to deformation heat.The experiment was carried out in(α+β) phase field at typical temperature rise rates.The microstructures of the alloy under different temperature rise rates were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).It is found that the dissolution rate of primary equiaxed a phase increases with the increase in both temperature and temperature rise rate.In the same temperature range,the higher the temperature rise rate is,the larger the final content and grain size of primary equiaxed a phase are due to less dissolution time.To quantitatively depict the evolution behavior of primary equiaxed a phase under any temperature rise rates,the dissolution kinetics of primary equiaxed a phase were well described by a diffusion model.The model predictions,including content and grain size of primary equiaxed a phase,are in good agreement with experimental observations.The work provides an important basis for the prediction and control of microstructure during hot working of titanium alloy.展开更多
Introduction:There is a known association between primary mediastinal germ cell tumor(PMGCT)and hematologic malignancy that is not linked to treatment.They are exceptionally rare entities with a low morbidity and a po...Introduction:There is a known association between primary mediastinal germ cell tumor(PMGCT)and hematologic malignancy that is not linked to treatment.They are exceptionally rare entities with a low morbidity and a poor prognosis.Case presentation:An 11-year-old boy presented with an anterior mediastinal mass diagnosed as a malignant germ cell tumor on the basis of an excisional biopsy.He was found to have acute myeloid leukemia(AML)two years after the chemotherapy for his germ cell tumor.The clinical course was very aggressive with a survival time of only 1 week after diagnosis of AML associated with PMGCT.Conclusion:AML associated with PMGCT needs to be diagnosed correctly.Relevant examinations should be carried out in patients with PMGCTs during and after chemotherapy,and long-term follow-up is still necessary to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality.展开更多
The bacterial antibiotic resistome(BAR)is one of the most serious contemporary medical challenges.The BAR problem in drinking water is receiving growing attention.In this study,we focused on the distribution,changes,a...The bacterial antibiotic resistome(BAR)is one of the most serious contemporary medical challenges.The BAR problem in drinking water is receiving growing attention.In this study,we focused on the distribution,changes,and health risks of the BAR throughout the drinking water treatment system.We extracted the antibiotic resistance gene(ARG)data from recent publications and analyzed ARG profiles based on diversity,absolute abundance,and relative abundance.The absolute abundance of ARG was found to decrease with water treatment processes and was positively correlated with the abundance of 16S rRNA(r=0.963,/?<0.001),indicating that the reduction of ARG concentration was accompanied by decreasing biomass.Among treatment processes,biofiltration and chlorination were discovered to play important roles in shaping the bacterial antibiotic resistome.Chlorination exhibited positive effects in controlling the diversity of ARG,while biofiltration,especially granular activated carbon filtration,increased the diversity of ARG.Both biofiltration and chlorination altered the structure of the resistome by affecting relative ARG abundance.In addition,we analyzed the mechanism behind the impact of biofiltration and chlorination on the bacterial antibiotic resistome.By intercepting influent ARG-carrying bacteria,biofilters can enrich various ARGs and maintain ARGs in biofilm.Chlorination further selects bacteria co-resistant to chlorine and antibiotics.Finally,we proposed the BAR health risks caused by biofiltration and chlorination in water treatment.To reduce potential BAR risk in drinking water,membrane filtration technology and water boiling are recommended at the point of use.展开更多
To further improve the comprehensive properties of 42CrMo/Q235 laminated shafts produced by cross wedge rolling.theheat treatment of the shafts was studied.Tensile and bending tests were carried out to compare the cha...To further improve the comprehensive properties of 42CrMo/Q235 laminated shafts produced by cross wedge rolling.theheat treatment of the shafts was studied.Tensile and bending tests were carried out to compare the changes in mechanicalproperties before and after heat treatment.The results showed that the interfacial bonding strength increased most aftertempering at 350℃for 45 min.The microstructure of the interface was observed using a digital microscope.The resultsshowed that the dispersed oxides on the interface were basically eliminated by using the scheme of tempering at 350 cand holding for 45 min.The reasons for the change in mechanical properties were explained from the point of theinterfacial microstructure.Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the micro-morphology of the tensile fracture.lt was observed that after tempering at 350℃and holding for 45 min,the dimple holes became larger and deeper,and thestructure of fracture became more uniform and stable.From the point of the tensile fracture morphology.the reasons for thechange in mcchanical propcrties wcrc explained as well.展开更多
Importance:There is a high incidence of iron deficiency in children worldwide.Notably,however,while iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia,little is known about the prevalence and different types of iron d...Importance:There is a high incidence of iron deficiency in children worldwide.Notably,however,while iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia,little is known about the prevalence and different types of iron deficiency in neuroblastoma patients.Objective:The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of iron deficiency in patients newly diagnosed with neuroblastoma.Methods:A total of 195 newly diagnosed neuroblastoma patients from November 2015 to January 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.The survival analysis was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.Results:Of the 195 neuroblastoma patients included in the study,121(62.1%)had iron deficiency,55(28.2%)had absolute iron deficiency,and 66(33.9%)had functional iron deficiency.Being aged≥18 months,tumor originating in the abdomen,International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System M,high-risk neuroblastoma,lactate dehydrogenase≥1500 U/L,neuron-specific enolase≥100 U/L,unfavorable histologic category,MYCN amplification,chromosome 1p loss,and bone marrow metastasis were associated with significantly higher rates of functional iron deficiency(P<0.05).Interpretation:Functional iron deficiency at the time of initial neuroblastoma diagnosis predicted lower event-free survival.Long-term effects of iron supplementation in neuroblastoma patients with different types of iron deficiency need to be further studied.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1702253 and 52174332)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFC1907301).
文摘To assess the widely used submerged side-blowing in pyrometallurgy,a high-speed camera-digital image processing-statistical approach was used to systematically investigate the effects of the gas flow rate,nozzle diameter,and inclination angle on the space-time distribution and penetration behavior of submerged side-blown gas in an air-water system.The results show that the gas motion gradually changes from a bubbling regime to a steady jetting regime and the formation of a complete jet structure as the flow rate increases.When the flow rate is low,a bubble area is formed by large bubbles in the area above the nozzle.When the flow rate and the nozzle diameter are significant,a bubble area is formed by tiny bubbles in the area above the nozzle.The increased inclination angle requires a more significant flow rate to form a complete jet structure.In the sampling time,the dimensionless horizontal and vertical penetration depths are Gaussian distributed.Decreasing the nozzle diameter and increasing the flow rate or inclination angle will increase the distribution range and discreteness.New correlations for a penetration depth with an error of±20%were obtained through dimensional analysis.The dimensionless horizontal penetration depth of an argon-melt system in a 120 t converter calculated by the correlation proposed by the current study is close to the result calculated by a correlation in the literature and a numerical simulation result in the literature.
基金Supported by National Science Foundation Committee of China,No. 30600594 and 30972900the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China, No. 2011JC046
文摘AIM: To compare effects of different resuscitation fluid on microcirculation, inflammation, intestinal barrier and clinical results in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with SAP were enrolled at the Pancreatic Disease Institute between January 2007 and March 2010. The patients were randomly treated with normal saline (NS group), combination of normal saline and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) (SH group), combination of normal saline, hydroxyethyl starch and glutamine (SHG group) in resuscitation. The ratio of normal saline to HES in the SH and SHG groups was 3:1. The glutamine (20% glutamine dipeptide, 100 mL/d) was supplemented into the resuscitation liquid in the SHG group. Complications and outcomes including respiratory and abdominal infection, sepsis, abdominal hemorrhage, intra-abdominal hypertension, abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), renal failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), operation intervention, length of intensive care unit stay, length of hospital stay, and mortality at 60 d were compared. Moreover, blood oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ), gastric intramucosal pH value (pHi), intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), inflammation cytokines, urine lactulose/mannitol (L/M) ratio, and serum endotoxin were investigated to evaluate the inflammatory reaction and gut barrier. RESULTS: Compared to the NS group, patients in the SH and SHG groups accessed the endpoint more quickly (3.9 ± 0.23 d and 4.1 ± 0.21 d vs 5.8 ± 0.25 d, P < 0.05) with less fluid volume (67.26 ± 28.53 mL/kg/d, 61.79 ± 27.61 mL/kg per day vs 85.23 ± 21.27 mL/kg per day, P < 0.05). Compared to the NS group, incidence of renal dysfunction, ARDS, MODS and ACS in the SH and SHG groups was obviously lower. Furthermore, incidence of respiratory and abdominal infection was significantly decreased in the SH and SHG groups, while no significant difference in sepsis was seen. Moreover, less operation time was needed in the SH and SHG group than the NS group, but the difference was not significant. The mortality did not differ significantly among these groups. Blood SpO 2 and gastric mucosal pHi in the SH and SHG groups increased more quickly than in the NS group, while IAP was significantly decreased in the SH and SHG group. Moreover, the serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-8 and C-reactive protein levels in the SH and SHG groups were obviously lower than in the NS group at each time point. Furthermore, urine L/M ratio and serum endotoxin were significantly lower in the SH group and further decreased in the SHG group.CONCLUSION: Results indicated that combination of normal saline, HES and glutamine are more efficient in resuscitation of SAP by relieving inflammation and sustaining the intestinal barrier.
基金the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81790630 and 81790633)the Sino-German Center for Research Promotion(GZ1546)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-045).
文摘Acute liver failure(ALF)has an abrupt onset with a frequently fatal outcome.Previous studies have found that oral antibiotics prevent drug-induced liver injury in animal experiments,indicating that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in the pathophysiological process.However,the underlying mechanism has not been fully understood.This study explored the comprehensive role of the gut microbiota in ALF using multi-omics.A cocktail of broad-spectrum antibiotics(Abx)pretreatment by gavage for four weeks improved the survival of D-(+)-galactosamine hydrochloride(D-Gal)/lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced ALF in C57BL/6 mice.RNA sequencing showed that inflammatory responses were inhibited and metabolic pathways were upregulated in the liver of Abx-treated ALF mice.The 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that Abx reshaped the composition and function of the gut microbiota,with an increased proportion of tryptophan(Trp)metabolism.In addition,global metabolic profiling by ultraperformance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(UPLC–MS)indicated that the gut microbiota post-Abx intervention reduced Trp excretion,liberated more Trp to the host,and enhanced the kynurenine(Kyn)pathway with increased production of Kyn.As an endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)ligand,Kyn has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.Furthermore,AhR-targeted treatments affected the outcome of ALF mice with or without Abx pretreatment,indicating that AhR directly regulated susceptibility to ALF,at least in part.This study demonstrates that the gut microbiota-dependent control of the Trp metabolism could regulate host susceptibility to ALF by modulating the activity of AhR,and thus provides a promising target for better management of ALF.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(8133007481620108029+1 种基金81261160507) Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7172113)
文摘OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) encompasses a series of patho.logic changes ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis,which may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocel.lular carcinoma.The purpose of this study was to determine whether Ganoderma lucidum polysaccha.ride peptide(GLPP) has therapeutic effect on NAFLD.METHODS ob/ob mouse model and ApoC3 transgenic mouse model were used for exploring the effect of GLPP on NAFLD.Key metabolic path.ways and enzymes were identified by metabolomics combining with KEGG and PIUmet analyses and key enzymes were detected by Western blotting.Hepatosteatosis models of HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes were used to further confirm the therapeutic effect of GLPP on NAFLD.RESULTS GLPP administrated for a month alleviated hepatosteatosis,dyslipidemia,liver dysfunction and liver insulin resistance.Pathways of glycerophospholipid metabolism,fatty acid metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis were involved in the therapeutic effect of GLPP on NAFLD.Detection of key enzymes revealed that GLPP reversed low expression of CYP7 A1,CYP8 B1,FXR,SHP and high expression of FGFR4 in ob/ob mice and ApoC3 mice.Besides,GLPP inhibited fatty acid synthesis by reducing the expression of SREBP1 c,FAS and ACC via a FXR-SHP dependent mechanism.Additionally,GLPP reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets and the content of TG in HepG2 cells and primary hepato.cytes induced by oleic acid and palmitic acid.CONCLUSION GLPP significantly improves NAFLD via regulating bile acid synthesis dependent on FXR-SHP/FGF pathway,which finally inhibits fatty acid synthesis,indicating that GLPP might be developed as a therapeutic drug for NAFLD.
基金This work was supported by The National Key Research and De-velopment Program of China(No.2018YFC1105800)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan province(No.2021JJ30095)the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha City(No.Z202169480188).
文摘Following operative treatment of chondrosarcoma,post-surgery tissue reconstruction may be confronted with daunting challenges,including the delayed self-repair of defective tissue,tumor recurrence,and bac-terial infection.To overcome these challenges,a methacrylic anhydride(MA)modified sericin(SerMA)solution mixed with procyanidins(PC)loaded polydopamine(PDA)modified ZIF-8(PC@ZIF-8@PDA)nanoparticles to form a multifunctional PC@ZIF-8@PDA/SerMA hydrogel after exposure under blue light.Hydrogel products with pre-designed shapes were printed out by using the SerMA solution carrying PC@ZIF-8@PDA nanoparticles and chondrocytes,indicating that PC@ZIF-8@PDA/SerMA hydrogels with personalized shapes can be fabricated via 3D printing.Photocrosslinked PC@ZIF-8@PDA/SerMA hydrogel is able to kill chondrosarcoma cells and bacteria,like Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),and Escherichia coli(E.coli),by its photothermal activity combined with near-infrared radiation(NIR).The PC@ZIF-8@PDA/SerMA hydrogel exhibited an antioxidative activity and a good biocompatibility and was easily monitored by its florescent and photoacoustic properties.Rabbit articular cartilage defects were efficiently repaired by PC@ZIF-8@PDA/SerMA hydrogels with encapsulated corresponding autologous chondrocytes,and mice skin burning wounds were swiftly regenerated by applying this hydrogel.Hence,the PC@ZIF-8@PDA/SerMA hydrogel can be potentially applied to the clinic treatment of chondrosarcoma and tissue defect repair after chondrosarcoma resection due to its multifunction in the future.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81802450and Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2020JJ4133 and No.2021JJ31135.
文摘BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has demonstrated that N6-methyladenosine(m6A)RNA modification plays an essential role in a wide range of pathological conditions.Impaired autophagy is a critical hallmark of acute pancreatitis(AP).AIM To explore the role of the m6A modification of ZKSCAN3 in the regulation of autophagy in AP.METHODS The AP mouse cell model was established by cerulein-treated mouse pancreatic acinar cells(MPC-83),and the results were confirmed by the levels of amylase and inflammatory factors.Autophagy activity was evaluated by specific identification of the autophagy-related microstructure and the expression of autophagy-related genes.ZKSCAN3 and ALKBH5 were knocked down to study the function in AP.A m6A RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assay was used to study how the m6A modification of ZKSCAN3 mRNA is regulated by ALKBH.RESULTS The increased expression of amylase and inflammatory factors in the supernatant and the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles verified that the AP mouse cell model was established.The downregulation of LAMP2 and upregulation of LC3-II/I and SQSTM1 demonstrated that autophagy was impaired in AP.The expression of ZKSCAN3 was upregulated in AP.Inhibition of ZKSCAN3 increased the expression of LAMP2 and decreased the expression of the inflammatory factors,LC3-II/I and SQSTM1.Furthermore,ALKBH5 was upregulated in AP.Knockdown of ALKBH5 downregulated ZKSCAN3 expression and restored decreased autophagic flux in AP.Notably,the bioinformatic analysis revealed 23 potential m6A modification sites on ZKSCAN3 mRNA.The m6A modification of ZKSCAN3 mRNA was significantly decreased in AP.Knockdown of ALKBH5 increased the modification of ZKSCAN3 mRNA,which confirmed that ALKBH5 upregulated ZKSCAN3 expression in a m6A-dependent manner.CONCLUSION ALKBH5 inhibits autophagic flux through m6A demethylation of ZKSCAN3 mRNA in AP,thereby aggravating the severity of the disease.
基金This review was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81902296,82071406,82021002,92168105)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX05)Shanghai Natural Science Foundation[20XD1420700,22ZR1479000].
文摘Central nervous system(CNS)injuries,including stroke,traumatic brain injury,and spinal cord injury,are leading causes of long-term disability.It is estimated that more than half of the survivors of severe unilateral injury are unable to use the denervated limb.Previous studies have focused on neuroprotective interventions in the affected hemisphere to limit brain lesions and neurorepair measures to promote recovery.However,the ability to increase plasticity in the injured brain is restricted and difficult to improve.Therefore,over several decades,researchers have been prompted to enhance the compensation by the unaffected hemisphere.Animal experiments have revealed that regrowth of ipsilateral descending fibers from the unaffected hemisphere to denervated motor neurons plays a significant role in the restoration of motor function.In addition,several clinical treatments have been designed to restore ipsilateral motor control,including brain stimulation,nerve transfer surgery,and brain–computer interface systems.Here,we comprehensively review the neural mechanisms as well as translational applications of ipsilateral motor control upon rehabilitation after CNS injuries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51801176 and 51701226)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.E2019203414 and E2020203081)the High-end Talent Support Program of Yangzhou University and the Qinglan Engineering Project of Yangzhou University。
文摘Nickel metal hydride(Ni-MH) rechargeable batteries hold an important position in the new-energy vehicle market owing to their key technology advantages. Their negative electrode materials—hydrogen storage alloys(HSAs) are always on the spotlight and are the key to compete with the burgeoning Li-ion batteries. Here, for the first time we report a series of biphase supperlattice HSAs with a(La,Mg)_(2)Ni_7 matrix phase and a novel(La,Mg)_(7)Ni_(23) secondary phase. The biphase alloys show discharge capacities of402–413 m Ahg^(-1) compared with 376–397 mAhg^(-1) of the other multi-or single-phase alloys. These values are among the highest for superlattice HSAs. In addition, the alloy with 15.4 wt.%(La,Mg)_(7)Ni_(23) phase exhibits good high rate dischargeability due to the proper compromise between the amount of crystal boundaries and equilibrium plateau voltage. The cycling stability of the biphase alloys is lower than that of the single-phase alloy but is till higher than the multiphase alloy. The novel superlattice biphase alloys with superior overall electrochemical properties are expected to inspire further design and development of HSAs as advanced electrode materials for power batteries.
基金This work was supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality 15JC1400800(to G.R.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31670287 to B.K.,31700246 to J.G.)。
文摘Endogenous salicylic acid(SA) regulates leaf senescence, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unexplored. The exogenous application of SA to living plants is not efficient for inducing leaf senescence. By taking advantage of probenazole(PBZ)-inducedbiosynthesisof endogenous SA, we previously established a chemical inducible leaf senescence system that depends on SA biosynthesis and its core signaling receptor NPR1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here,using this system, we identified WRKY46 and WRKY6 as key components of the transcriptional machinery downstream of NPR1 signaling. Upon PBZ treatment, the wrky46 mutant exhibited significantly delayed leaf senescence. We demonstrate that NPR1 is essential for PBZ/SA-induced WRKY46 activation, whereas WRKY46 in turn enhances NPR1 expression. WRKY46 interacts with NPR1 in the nucleus, binding to the W-box of the WRKY6 promoter to induce its expression in response to SA signaling. Dysfunction of WRKY6 abolished PBZ-induced leaf senescence, while overexpression of WRKY6 was sufficient to accelerate leaf senescence even under normal growth conditions, suggesting that WRKY6 may serve as an integration node of multiple leaf senescence signaling pathways. Taken together,these findings reveal that the NPR1-WRKY46-WRKY6 signaling cascade plays a critical role in PBZ/SA-mediated leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51175427 and 51205317)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology of China (No.P2014-005)+1 种基金the Marie Curie International Research Staff Exchange Scheme within the 7th EC Framework Programme (FP7) (No.318968)the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (No.B08040)
文摘Temperature rise is a significant factor influencing microstructure during(α+β) deformation of TA15 titanium alloy.An experiment was designed to explore microstructure evolution induced by temperature rise due to deformation heat.The experiment was carried out in(α+β) phase field at typical temperature rise rates.The microstructures of the alloy under different temperature rise rates were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).It is found that the dissolution rate of primary equiaxed a phase increases with the increase in both temperature and temperature rise rate.In the same temperature range,the higher the temperature rise rate is,the larger the final content and grain size of primary equiaxed a phase are due to less dissolution time.To quantitatively depict the evolution behavior of primary equiaxed a phase under any temperature rise rates,the dissolution kinetics of primary equiaxed a phase were well described by a diffusion model.The model predictions,including content and grain size of primary equiaxed a phase,are in good agreement with experimental observations.The work provides an important basis for the prediction and control of microstructure during hot working of titanium alloy.
基金Major Special Projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology(5G2017ZX091062)。
文摘Introduction:There is a known association between primary mediastinal germ cell tumor(PMGCT)and hematologic malignancy that is not linked to treatment.They are exceptionally rare entities with a low morbidity and a poor prognosis.Case presentation:An 11-year-old boy presented with an anterior mediastinal mass diagnosed as a malignant germ cell tumor on the basis of an excisional biopsy.He was found to have acute myeloid leukemia(AML)two years after the chemotherapy for his germ cell tumor.The clinical course was very aggressive with a survival time of only 1 week after diagnosis of AML associated with PMGCT.Conclusion:AML associated with PMGCT needs to be diagnosed correctly.Relevant examinations should be carried out in patients with PMGCTs during and after chemotherapy,and long-term follow-up is still necessary to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality.
基金This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China-International collaborative project from Ministry of Science and Technology(Grant No.2017YFE0107300)the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(Grant No.51708534)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51678551,51678552 and 41861144023)Xiamen Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology(No.3502Z20171003)and K.C.Wong Education Foundation.
文摘The bacterial antibiotic resistome(BAR)is one of the most serious contemporary medical challenges.The BAR problem in drinking water is receiving growing attention.In this study,we focused on the distribution,changes,and health risks of the BAR throughout the drinking water treatment system.We extracted the antibiotic resistance gene(ARG)data from recent publications and analyzed ARG profiles based on diversity,absolute abundance,and relative abundance.The absolute abundance of ARG was found to decrease with water treatment processes and was positively correlated with the abundance of 16S rRNA(r=0.963,/?<0.001),indicating that the reduction of ARG concentration was accompanied by decreasing biomass.Among treatment processes,biofiltration and chlorination were discovered to play important roles in shaping the bacterial antibiotic resistome.Chlorination exhibited positive effects in controlling the diversity of ARG,while biofiltration,especially granular activated carbon filtration,increased the diversity of ARG.Both biofiltration and chlorination altered the structure of the resistome by affecting relative ARG abundance.In addition,we analyzed the mechanism behind the impact of biofiltration and chlorination on the bacterial antibiotic resistome.By intercepting influent ARG-carrying bacteria,biofilters can enrich various ARGs and maintain ARGs in biofilm.Chlorination further selects bacteria co-resistant to chlorine and antibiotics.Finally,we proposed the BAR health risks caused by biofiltration and chlorination in water treatment.To reduce potential BAR risk in drinking water,membrane filtration technology and water boiling are recommended at the point of use.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang(No.SJLZ2021002)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LY18EO50006)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City(Grant No.2017A610088)the Ningbo Science and Technology Innovation 2025 Major Project(2018B10004,2019B10100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51405248)。
文摘To further improve the comprehensive properties of 42CrMo/Q235 laminated shafts produced by cross wedge rolling.theheat treatment of the shafts was studied.Tensile and bending tests were carried out to compare the changes in mechanicalproperties before and after heat treatment.The results showed that the interfacial bonding strength increased most aftertempering at 350℃for 45 min.The microstructure of the interface was observed using a digital microscope.The resultsshowed that the dispersed oxides on the interface were basically eliminated by using the scheme of tempering at 350 cand holding for 45 min.The reasons for the change in mechanical properties were explained from the point of theinterfacial microstructure.Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the micro-morphology of the tensile fracture.lt was observed that after tempering at 350℃and holding for 45 min,the dimple holes became larger and deeper,and thestructure of fracture became more uniform and stable.From the point of the tensile fracture morphology.the reasons for thechange in mcchanical propcrties wcrc explained as well.
基金The study was funded by Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.Z151100004015159).
文摘Importance:There is a high incidence of iron deficiency in children worldwide.Notably,however,while iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia,little is known about the prevalence and different types of iron deficiency in neuroblastoma patients.Objective:The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of iron deficiency in patients newly diagnosed with neuroblastoma.Methods:A total of 195 newly diagnosed neuroblastoma patients from November 2015 to January 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.The survival analysis was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.Results:Of the 195 neuroblastoma patients included in the study,121(62.1%)had iron deficiency,55(28.2%)had absolute iron deficiency,and 66(33.9%)had functional iron deficiency.Being aged≥18 months,tumor originating in the abdomen,International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System M,high-risk neuroblastoma,lactate dehydrogenase≥1500 U/L,neuron-specific enolase≥100 U/L,unfavorable histologic category,MYCN amplification,chromosome 1p loss,and bone marrow metastasis were associated with significantly higher rates of functional iron deficiency(P<0.05).Interpretation:Functional iron deficiency at the time of initial neuroblastoma diagnosis predicted lower event-free survival.Long-term effects of iron supplementation in neuroblastoma patients with different types of iron deficiency need to be further studied.
