Background:This study aimed to investigate the hydration properties of different-source fibrous materials by com-paring their water-binding capacity(WBC),water swelling capacity(WSC),viscosity,and in vivo effects of s...Background:This study aimed to investigate the hydration properties of different-source fibrous materials by com-paring their water-binding capacity(WBC),water swelling capacity(WSC),viscosity,and in vivo effects of selected samples on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,diarrhea,and intestinal health in weaned piglets.Methods:A total of 13 commercially available fibrous materials were first compared in chemical composition and in vitro hydration property.Subsequently,40 weaned piglets were randomized to five experimental dietary groups(8 piglets per group):control diet(a basal diet without dietary fiber,CON),basal diet supplemented with 5%microcrys-talline cellulose(MCC),5%wheat bran(WB),5%Moringa oleifera leaf powder(MOLP),or 5%sugar beet pulp(SBP),fol-lowed by analyzing their growth performance and diarrhea rate in a 28-d experiment.After the feeding experiment,anaesthetized piglets were killed,and their intestinal and colon content or plasma samples were analyzed in nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,intestinal barrier,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and bacterial population.Results:In vitro studies showed low hydration properties for WB and MCC,while medium hydration properties for MOLP and SBP.In vivo studies indicated that compared with medium hydration property groups,low hydration prop-erty groups showed(1)exacerbated diarrhea,impaired intestinal health,and reduced apparent fecal digestibility of dry matter,gross energy,acid detergent fiber,and neutral detergent fiber;(2)decreased SCFAs concentration and rela-tive levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium,but increased levels of Escherichia coli and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in colon contents.Additionally,SBP showed optimal performance in reducing diarrhea and increasing SCFAs produc-tion.Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation of fiber hydration properties with in vitro SCFAs production,and diarrhea index and nutrient digestibility were negatively and positively correlated with SCFAs levels in the colon contents of weaned piglets,respectively.Conclusions:Different-source dietary fibers varied in their hydration properties and impacts on diarrhea,microbial composition and SCFAs production in weaned piglets.WB and MCC could exacerbate diarrhea and impair nutrient digestibility,probably because their low hydration properties were detrimental to gut microbial homeostasis and fermentation.Our findings provide new ideas for rational use of fiber resources in weaned piglets.展开更多
Background:Oxidative stress in placenta is associated with the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in sow,but there are few satisfactory treatment strategies for these conditions.This study investigated the poten...Background:Oxidative stress in placenta is associated with the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in sow,but there are few satisfactory treatment strategies for these conditions.This study investigated the potential of cysteamine(CS)as an antioxidant protectant for regulating the reproductive performance,redox status,and placental angiogenesis of sows.Methods:The placental oxidative stress status and vascular density of piglets with different birth weights:<1.0 kg(low birth weight,LBW)and 1.4–1.6 kg(normal birth weight,NBW)were evaluated,followed by allotting 84 sows to four treatments(n=21)and feeding them with a basal diet supplemented with 0,100,300,or 500 mg/kg of CS from d 85 of gestation to d 21 of lactation,respectively.Placenta,serum,and colostrum samples of sows or piglets were collected,and the characteristics of sows and piglets were recorded.Furthermore,the in vivo results were validated using porcine vascular endothelial cells(PVECs).Results:Compared with the NBW placentae,the LBW placentae showed increased oxidative damage and were vulnerable to angiogenesis impairment.Particularly,H2O2-induced oxidative stress prompted intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and inhibited the tube formation and migration of PVECs as well as the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A(VEGF-A)in vitro.However,dietary CS supplementation can alleviate oxidative stress and improve the reproductive performance of sows.Specifically,compared with the control group,dietary 100 mg/kg CS could(1)decrease the stillbirth and invalid rates,and increase both the piglet birth weight in the low yield sows and the placental efficiency;(2)increase glutathione and reduce malondialdehyde in both the serum and the colostrum of sows;(3)increase the levels of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione in LBW placentae;(4)increase the vascular density,the mRNA level of VEGF-A,and the immune-staining intensity of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 in the LBW placentae.Furthermore,the in vitro experiment indicated that CS pre-treatment could significantly reverse the NADPH oxidase 2-ROS-mediated inactivation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3(Stat3)signaling pathway induced by H2O2 inhibition of the proliferation,tube formation,and migration of PVECs.Meanwhile,inhibition of Stat3 significantly decreased the cell viability,tube formation and the VEGF-A protein level in CS pretreated with H_(2)O_(2)-cultured PVECs.Conclusions:The results indicated that oxidative stress and impaired angiogenesis might contribute to the occurrence of LBW piglets during pregnancy,but CS supplementation at 100 mg/kg during late gestation and lactation of sows could alleviate oxidative stress and enhance angiogenesis in placenta,thereby increasing birth weight in low yield sows and reducing stillbirth rate.The in vitro data showed that the underlying mechanism for the positive effects of CS might be related to the activation of Stat3 in PVECs.展开更多
Abnormal placental angiogenesis is associated with the occurrence of intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)in piglets,and effective treatment strategies against this occurrence remain to be explored.Adenosine has been ...Abnormal placental angiogenesis is associated with the occurrence of intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)in piglets,and effective treatment strategies against this occurrence remain to be explored.Adenosine has been reported to play an important role in angiogenesis,but its role in placental angio-genesis is still unknown.Here,we investigated the effect of dietary adenosine supplementation on IUGR occurrence in piglets by analyzing the role of adenosine in placental angiogenesis for Normal and IUGR piglets.Specifically,88 sows were allotted to 2 treatments(n=44)and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0%or 0.1%of adenosine from day 65 of gestation until farrowing,followed by collecting the placental samples of Normal and IUGR piglets,and recording their characteristics.The results showed that adenosine supplementation increased the mean birth weight of piglets(P<0.05)and placental efficiency(P<0.05),while decreasing the IUGR piglet rate(P<0.05).Expectedly,the placenta for IUGR neonates showed a down-regulated vascular density(P<0.05)and angiogenesis as evidenced by the expression level of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM1)(P<0.05).Notably,dietary adenosine supplementation promoted angiogenesis(P<0.05)both in the Normal and IUGR placenta.More importantly,the expression level of adenosine A2a receptor(ADORA2A)was lower(P<0.05)in the IUGR placenta than in Normal placenta,whereas adenosine treatment could significantly increase ADORA2A expression,and also had an interaction effect between factors IUGR and Ado.Collectively,placentae for IUGR piglets showed impaired angiogenesis and down-regulated expression level of ADORA2A,while dietary adenosine supplementation could activate ADORA2A expression,improve the placental angio-genesis,and ultimately decrease the occurrence of IUGR in piglets.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of different amounts of wheat aleurone(WA)(0,15%,30%)inclusion in gestation diets on the reproductive performance,postprandial satiety,stress status and stereotypic be-haviors of so...This study investigated the effects of different amounts of wheat aleurone(WA)(0,15%,30%)inclusion in gestation diets on the reproductive performance,postprandial satiety,stress status and stereotypic be-haviors of sows.A total of 84 Landrace×Yorkshire sows(parity 4.87±1.32)at breeding were randomly allotted to one of the three isoenergetic and isonitrogenous dietary treatments based on parity and body weight.The results showed that,compared with the control(0),sows fed the WA diet had a higher serum concentration of peptide YY(PYY)(P<0.05)and glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1)(P<0.05)and a lower concentration of saliva cortisol(P<0.01).Importantly,compared with the control group,only the 15%WA group had a higher concentration of the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)(P<0.05),lower pro-portions of sitting(P=0.05)and stillbirth rates(P<0.01).Accordingly,the production cost per piglet born alive($6.9 vs.$7.6)or per piglet born healthy($7.4 vs.$7.9)declined in the 15%WA group versus the control group.Overall,15%WA inclusion in gestation diets contributed to enhancing postprandial satiety,alleviating stress status and decreasing stillbirth rate of sows.This study provides a reference for the application of WA as a partial substitute for conventional feed ingredients to improve sows'repro-ductive performance.展开更多
Increased metabolic burdens in breeding sows,which are induced by elevated systemic oxidative stress,could increase the need for nucleotides to repair lymphocyte DNA damage;however,de novo synthesis of nucleotides may...Increased metabolic burdens in breeding sows,which are induced by elevated systemic oxidative stress,could increase the need for nucleotides to repair lymphocyte DNA damage;however,de novo synthesis of nucleotides may be insufficient to cover this increased need.This study investigated the effects of dietary nucleotides on milk composition,oxidative stress status,and the reproductive and lactational performance of sows.Forty multiparous sows were assigned to 2 dietary treatments(Control group,and 1 g/kg Nucleotides group)based on a randomized complete block design using their BW at 85 d of gestation as a block.Sows from 2 groups were fed a restricted diet during gestation and ad libitum during lactation.The experiment lasted from 85 d of gestation to 21 d of lactation.The reproductive perfor-mance of sows and the growth performance of suckling piglets were measured.Oxidative stress pa-rameters and milk components were also analysed.Data were analyzed using contrasts in the MIXED procedure of SAS.Sows in the Nucleotides group consumed more feed during the first week(P<0.01)and from 1 to 21 d(P<0.05)of lactation than those in Control group.Correspondingly,the litter weight gain of piglets showed a tendency to increase from cross-fostering to 9 d(P=0.09)and from cross-fostering to 20 d(P=0.10)in the Nucleotides group relative to the Control group.Additionally,the Nucleotides group was higher(P<0.01)than the Control group in the concentrations of uridine 5'monophosphate,guanosine 5'monophosphate,inosine 5'monophosphate,adenosine 5'mono-phosphate and total nucleotides in milk.Furthermore,the Nucleotides group was higher(P<0.01)than the Control group in the serum levels of total antioxidant capacity(P<0.01)for sows at 109 d of gestation and glutathione peroxidase for weaning piglets,but lower at the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances(P<0.05)in serum of weaning piglets.This study indicated that maternal dietary nucleotides could promote piglet growth,probably due to the higher lactational feed intake and higher concentration of nucleotides in the milk of sows,and lower oxidative stress for both sows and piglets.展开更多
基金funded by Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32172744 and 31902165)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515012116)Natural Science Foundation of Guangzhou City(202102080090).
文摘Background:This study aimed to investigate the hydration properties of different-source fibrous materials by com-paring their water-binding capacity(WBC),water swelling capacity(WSC),viscosity,and in vivo effects of selected samples on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,diarrhea,and intestinal health in weaned piglets.Methods:A total of 13 commercially available fibrous materials were first compared in chemical composition and in vitro hydration property.Subsequently,40 weaned piglets were randomized to five experimental dietary groups(8 piglets per group):control diet(a basal diet without dietary fiber,CON),basal diet supplemented with 5%microcrys-talline cellulose(MCC),5%wheat bran(WB),5%Moringa oleifera leaf powder(MOLP),or 5%sugar beet pulp(SBP),fol-lowed by analyzing their growth performance and diarrhea rate in a 28-d experiment.After the feeding experiment,anaesthetized piglets were killed,and their intestinal and colon content or plasma samples were analyzed in nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,intestinal barrier,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and bacterial population.Results:In vitro studies showed low hydration properties for WB and MCC,while medium hydration properties for MOLP and SBP.In vivo studies indicated that compared with medium hydration property groups,low hydration prop-erty groups showed(1)exacerbated diarrhea,impaired intestinal health,and reduced apparent fecal digestibility of dry matter,gross energy,acid detergent fiber,and neutral detergent fiber;(2)decreased SCFAs concentration and rela-tive levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium,but increased levels of Escherichia coli and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in colon contents.Additionally,SBP showed optimal performance in reducing diarrhea and increasing SCFAs produc-tion.Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation of fiber hydration properties with in vitro SCFAs production,and diarrhea index and nutrient digestibility were negatively and positively correlated with SCFAs levels in the colon contents of weaned piglets,respectively.Conclusions:Different-source dietary fibers varied in their hydration properties and impacts on diarrhea,microbial composition and SCFAs production in weaned piglets.WB and MCC could exacerbate diarrhea and impair nutrient digestibility,probably because their low hydration properties were detrimental to gut microbial homeostasis and fermentation.Our findings provide new ideas for rational use of fiber resources in weaned piglets.
基金funded by Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31872985 and 31790411)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2021A1515012116).
文摘Background:Oxidative stress in placenta is associated with the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in sow,but there are few satisfactory treatment strategies for these conditions.This study investigated the potential of cysteamine(CS)as an antioxidant protectant for regulating the reproductive performance,redox status,and placental angiogenesis of sows.Methods:The placental oxidative stress status and vascular density of piglets with different birth weights:<1.0 kg(low birth weight,LBW)and 1.4–1.6 kg(normal birth weight,NBW)were evaluated,followed by allotting 84 sows to four treatments(n=21)and feeding them with a basal diet supplemented with 0,100,300,or 500 mg/kg of CS from d 85 of gestation to d 21 of lactation,respectively.Placenta,serum,and colostrum samples of sows or piglets were collected,and the characteristics of sows and piglets were recorded.Furthermore,the in vivo results were validated using porcine vascular endothelial cells(PVECs).Results:Compared with the NBW placentae,the LBW placentae showed increased oxidative damage and were vulnerable to angiogenesis impairment.Particularly,H2O2-induced oxidative stress prompted intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and inhibited the tube formation and migration of PVECs as well as the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A(VEGF-A)in vitro.However,dietary CS supplementation can alleviate oxidative stress and improve the reproductive performance of sows.Specifically,compared with the control group,dietary 100 mg/kg CS could(1)decrease the stillbirth and invalid rates,and increase both the piglet birth weight in the low yield sows and the placental efficiency;(2)increase glutathione and reduce malondialdehyde in both the serum and the colostrum of sows;(3)increase the levels of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione in LBW placentae;(4)increase the vascular density,the mRNA level of VEGF-A,and the immune-staining intensity of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 in the LBW placentae.Furthermore,the in vitro experiment indicated that CS pre-treatment could significantly reverse the NADPH oxidase 2-ROS-mediated inactivation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3(Stat3)signaling pathway induced by H2O2 inhibition of the proliferation,tube formation,and migration of PVECs.Meanwhile,inhibition of Stat3 significantly decreased the cell viability,tube formation and the VEGF-A protein level in CS pretreated with H_(2)O_(2)-cultured PVECs.Conclusions:The results indicated that oxidative stress and impaired angiogenesis might contribute to the occurrence of LBW piglets during pregnancy,but CS supplementation at 100 mg/kg during late gestation and lactation of sows could alleviate oxidative stress and enhance angiogenesis in placenta,thereby increasing birth weight in low yield sows and reducing stillbirth rate.The in vitro data showed that the underlying mechanism for the positive effects of CS might be related to the activation of Stat3 in PVECs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1300401)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515012116).
文摘Abnormal placental angiogenesis is associated with the occurrence of intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)in piglets,and effective treatment strategies against this occurrence remain to be explored.Adenosine has been reported to play an important role in angiogenesis,but its role in placental angio-genesis is still unknown.Here,we investigated the effect of dietary adenosine supplementation on IUGR occurrence in piglets by analyzing the role of adenosine in placental angiogenesis for Normal and IUGR piglets.Specifically,88 sows were allotted to 2 treatments(n=44)and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0%or 0.1%of adenosine from day 65 of gestation until farrowing,followed by collecting the placental samples of Normal and IUGR piglets,and recording their characteristics.The results showed that adenosine supplementation increased the mean birth weight of piglets(P<0.05)and placental efficiency(P<0.05),while decreasing the IUGR piglet rate(P<0.05).Expectedly,the placenta for IUGR neonates showed a down-regulated vascular density(P<0.05)and angiogenesis as evidenced by the expression level of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM1)(P<0.05).Notably,dietary adenosine supplementation promoted angiogenesis(P<0.05)both in the Normal and IUGR placenta.More importantly,the expression level of adenosine A2a receptor(ADORA2A)was lower(P<0.05)in the IUGR placenta than in Normal placenta,whereas adenosine treatment could significantly increase ADORA2A expression,and also had an interaction effect between factors IUGR and Ado.Collectively,placentae for IUGR piglets showed impaired angiogenesis and down-regulated expression level of ADORA2A,while dietary adenosine supplementation could activate ADORA2A expression,improve the placental angio-genesis,and ultimately decrease the occurrence of IUGR in piglets.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(31872985)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,China(2018YFD0500600)the China Scholarship Council.China(201907630006).
文摘This study investigated the effects of different amounts of wheat aleurone(WA)(0,15%,30%)inclusion in gestation diets on the reproductive performance,postprandial satiety,stress status and stereotypic be-haviors of sows.A total of 84 Landrace×Yorkshire sows(parity 4.87±1.32)at breeding were randomly allotted to one of the three isoenergetic and isonitrogenous dietary treatments based on parity and body weight.The results showed that,compared with the control(0),sows fed the WA diet had a higher serum concentration of peptide YY(PYY)(P<0.05)and glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1)(P<0.05)and a lower concentration of saliva cortisol(P<0.01).Importantly,compared with the control group,only the 15%WA group had a higher concentration of the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)(P<0.05),lower pro-portions of sitting(P=0.05)and stillbirth rates(P<0.01).Accordingly,the production cost per piglet born alive($6.9 vs.$7.6)or per piglet born healthy($7.4 vs.$7.9)declined in the 15%WA group versus the control group.Overall,15%WA inclusion in gestation diets contributed to enhancing postprandial satiety,alleviating stress status and decreasing stillbirth rate of sows.This study provides a reference for the application of WA as a partial substitute for conventional feed ingredients to improve sows'repro-ductive performance.
基金Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31872985)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD0500600)
文摘Increased metabolic burdens in breeding sows,which are induced by elevated systemic oxidative stress,could increase the need for nucleotides to repair lymphocyte DNA damage;however,de novo synthesis of nucleotides may be insufficient to cover this increased need.This study investigated the effects of dietary nucleotides on milk composition,oxidative stress status,and the reproductive and lactational performance of sows.Forty multiparous sows were assigned to 2 dietary treatments(Control group,and 1 g/kg Nucleotides group)based on a randomized complete block design using their BW at 85 d of gestation as a block.Sows from 2 groups were fed a restricted diet during gestation and ad libitum during lactation.The experiment lasted from 85 d of gestation to 21 d of lactation.The reproductive perfor-mance of sows and the growth performance of suckling piglets were measured.Oxidative stress pa-rameters and milk components were also analysed.Data were analyzed using contrasts in the MIXED procedure of SAS.Sows in the Nucleotides group consumed more feed during the first week(P<0.01)and from 1 to 21 d(P<0.05)of lactation than those in Control group.Correspondingly,the litter weight gain of piglets showed a tendency to increase from cross-fostering to 9 d(P=0.09)and from cross-fostering to 20 d(P=0.10)in the Nucleotides group relative to the Control group.Additionally,the Nucleotides group was higher(P<0.01)than the Control group in the concentrations of uridine 5'monophosphate,guanosine 5'monophosphate,inosine 5'monophosphate,adenosine 5'mono-phosphate and total nucleotides in milk.Furthermore,the Nucleotides group was higher(P<0.01)than the Control group in the serum levels of total antioxidant capacity(P<0.01)for sows at 109 d of gestation and glutathione peroxidase for weaning piglets,but lower at the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances(P<0.05)in serum of weaning piglets.This study indicated that maternal dietary nucleotides could promote piglet growth,probably due to the higher lactational feed intake and higher concentration of nucleotides in the milk of sows,and lower oxidative stress for both sows and piglets.
