Soybean(Glycine max)is a short-day crop whose flowering time is regulated by photoperiod.The longjuvenile trait extends its vegetative phase and increases yield under short-day conditions.Natural variation in J,the ma...Soybean(Glycine max)is a short-day crop whose flowering time is regulated by photoperiod.The longjuvenile trait extends its vegetative phase and increases yield under short-day conditions.Natural variation in J,the major locus controlling this trait,modulates flowering time.We report that the three J-family genes influence soybean flowering time,with the triple mutant Guangzhou Mammoth-2 flowering late under short days by inhibiting transcription of E1-family genes.J-family genes offer promising allelic combinations for breeding.展开更多
Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait in plants. Breaking seed dormancy determines the timing of ger-mination and is, thereby essential for ensuring plant sur-vival and agricultural production. Seed dormancy and the subs...Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait in plants. Breaking seed dormancy determines the timing of ger-mination and is, thereby essential for ensuring plant sur-vival and agricultural production. Seed dormancy and the subsequent germination are controlled by both internal cues (mainly hormones) and environmental signals. In the past few years, the roles of plant hormones in regulating seed dormancy and germination have been uncovered. However, we are only beginning to understand how light signaling pathways modulate seed dormancy and inter-action with endogenous hormones. In this review, we summarize current views of the molecular mechanisms by which light controls the induction, maintenance and re-lease of seed dormancy, as well as seed germination, by regulating hormone metabolism and signaling pathways.展开更多
Primary seed dormancy is acquired during seed development and maturation,which is important for plant fitness and survival.DELAY OF GERMINATION1(DOG1)plays a critical role in inducing seed dormancy.DOG1 expression inc...Primary seed dormancy is acquired during seed development and maturation,which is important for plant fitness and survival.DELAY OF GERMINATION1(DOG1)plays a critical role in inducing seed dormancy.DOG1 expression increases rapidly during seed development,but the precise mechanism underlying this process remains elusive.In this study,we showed that mutants with a loss or reduced function of the chromatin-remodeling factor PICKLE(PKL)exhibit increased seed dormancy.PKL associates with DOG1 chromatin and inhibits its transcription.We found that PKL physically interacts with LUX ARRHYTHMO(LUX),a member of the evening complex(EC)of the circadian clock.Furthermore,LUX directly binds to a specific coding sequence of DOG1,and DOG1 acts genetically downstream of PKL and LUX.Mutations in either LUX or EARLY FLOWERING3(ELF3)encoding another member of the EC led to increased DOG1 expression and enhanced seed dormancy.Surprisingly,these phenotypes were abolished when the parent plants were grown under continuous light.In addition,we observed that loss of function of either PKL or LUX decreased H3K27me3 levels at the DOG1 locus.Taken together,our study reveals a regulatory mechanism in which EC proteins coordinate with PKL to transmit circadian signals for directly regulating DOG1 expression and seed dormancy during seed development.展开更多
Accidental injury due to burns is a serious and common, but preventable, occurrence in children. To analyze the characteristics of pediatric burns in the south of Liaoning province of China, a retrospective review was...Accidental injury due to burns is a serious and common, but preventable, occurrence in children. To analyze the characteristics of pediatric burns in the south of Liaoning province of China, a retrospective review was conducted of information, including general characteristics, demographics, etiology of burns, anatomical areas burned, and severity of injuries, obtained from medical records of pediatric burn patients admitted to the Burn Center of Anshan Hospital of the First Hospital of China Medical University from 2002 to 2011. Differences between age-groups and cause and severity of injuries were examined using Cochran-Mantel-Haenzsel (C-M-H) statistic or chi-square (c2) analyses where appropriate. A total of 985 pediatric burn cases were included, with only one death. The maximal burn area recorded was 80% and the maximal third-degree burn area was 45%. The majority of burns (637/985, 64.67%) were moderate second-degree wounds, encompassing 5-14% of the total body surface area. The infant age-group (<3 years old) had the largest representation (622/985, 63.15%), with more males than females affected. Most of the injuries occurred at home in children living in the local region. Scalding accounted for 89.85% (885/985) of all injuries, with a decreasing incidence with age, whereas injuries due to flames and from electrical sources markedly increased with age. Only a minority of guardians (244/985, 24.77%) had burn prevention knowledge, and none of them knew how to provide first-aid treatment for burn injuries. These results indicate that the majority of pediatric burns occur in children less than 3 years of age from scalds received while at home. As a large proportion of these cases occurred in rural areas, programs emphasizing burn prevention and treatment knowledge should there-fore be made more available to these families.展开更多
Small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)post-translational modification(SUMOylation)plays essential roles in regulating various biological processes;however,its function and regulation in the plant light signaling pathway ...Small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)post-translational modification(SUMOylation)plays essential roles in regulating various biological processes;however,its function and regulation in the plant light signaling pathway are largely unknown.SEUSS(SEU)is a transcriptional co-regulator that integrates light and temperature signaling pathways,thereby regulating plant growth and development in Arabidopsis thaliana.Here,we show that SEU is a substrate of SUMO1,and that substitution of four conserved lysine residues disrupts the SUMOylation of SEU,impairs its function in photo-and thermomorphogenesis,and enhances its interaction with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 transcription factors.Furthermore,the SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 interacts with SEU and regulates its SUMOylation.Moreover,SEU directly interacts with phytochrome B photoreceptors,and the SUMOylation and stability of SEU are activated by light.Our study reveals a novel post-translational modification mechanism of SEU in which light regulates plant growth and development through SUMOylation-mediated protein stability.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1200600 to Xiaoya Lin)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32090060 to Fanjiang Kong,32001568 to Xiaoya Lin,31930083 to Baohui Liu,and 31901500 to Tiantian Bu)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019 M652839 to Liyu Chen)。
文摘Soybean(Glycine max)is a short-day crop whose flowering time is regulated by photoperiod.The longjuvenile trait extends its vegetative phase and increases yield under short-day conditions.Natural variation in J,the major locus controlling this trait,modulates flowering time.We report that the three J-family genes influence soybean flowering time,with the triple mutant Guangzhou Mammoth-2 flowering late under short days by inhibiting transcription of E1-family genes.J-family genes offer promising allelic combinations for breeding.
基金grants from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB27030205)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2018M641520).
文摘Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait in plants. Breaking seed dormancy determines the timing of ger-mination and is, thereby essential for ensuring plant sur-vival and agricultural production. Seed dormancy and the subsequent germination are controlled by both internal cues (mainly hormones) and environmental signals. In the past few years, the roles of plant hormones in regulating seed dormancy and germination have been uncovered. However, we are only beginning to understand how light signaling pathways modulate seed dormancy and inter-action with endogenous hormones. In this review, we summarize current views of the molecular mechanisms by which light controls the induction, maintenance and re-lease of seed dormancy, as well as seed germination, by regulating hormone metabolism and signaling pathways.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100405)the Ministry of Agriculture of China(2016ZX08009-003)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB27030205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31570310).
文摘Primary seed dormancy is acquired during seed development and maturation,which is important for plant fitness and survival.DELAY OF GERMINATION1(DOG1)plays a critical role in inducing seed dormancy.DOG1 expression increases rapidly during seed development,but the precise mechanism underlying this process remains elusive.In this study,we showed that mutants with a loss or reduced function of the chromatin-remodeling factor PICKLE(PKL)exhibit increased seed dormancy.PKL associates with DOG1 chromatin and inhibits its transcription.We found that PKL physically interacts with LUX ARRHYTHMO(LUX),a member of the evening complex(EC)of the circadian clock.Furthermore,LUX directly binds to a specific coding sequence of DOG1,and DOG1 acts genetically downstream of PKL and LUX.Mutations in either LUX or EARLY FLOWERING3(ELF3)encoding another member of the EC led to increased DOG1 expression and enhanced seed dormancy.Surprisingly,these phenotypes were abolished when the parent plants were grown under continuous light.In addition,we observed that loss of function of either PKL or LUX decreased H3K27me3 levels at the DOG1 locus.Taken together,our study reveals a regulatory mechanism in which EC proteins coordinate with PKL to transmit circadian signals for directly regulating DOG1 expression and seed dormancy during seed development.
文摘Accidental injury due to burns is a serious and common, but preventable, occurrence in children. To analyze the characteristics of pediatric burns in the south of Liaoning province of China, a retrospective review was conducted of information, including general characteristics, demographics, etiology of burns, anatomical areas burned, and severity of injuries, obtained from medical records of pediatric burn patients admitted to the Burn Center of Anshan Hospital of the First Hospital of China Medical University from 2002 to 2011. Differences between age-groups and cause and severity of injuries were examined using Cochran-Mantel-Haenzsel (C-M-H) statistic or chi-square (c2) analyses where appropriate. A total of 985 pediatric burn cases were included, with only one death. The maximal burn area recorded was 80% and the maximal third-degree burn area was 45%. The majority of burns (637/985, 64.67%) were moderate second-degree wounds, encompassing 5-14% of the total body surface area. The infant age-group (<3 years old) had the largest representation (622/985, 63.15%), with more males than females affected. Most of the injuries occurred at home in children living in the local region. Scalding accounted for 89.85% (885/985) of all injuries, with a decreasing incidence with age, whereas injuries due to flames and from electrical sources markedly increased with age. Only a minority of guardians (244/985, 24.77%) had burn prevention knowledge, and none of them knew how to provide first-aid treatment for burn injuries. These results indicate that the majority of pediatric burns occur in children less than 3 years of age from scalds received while at home. As a large proportion of these cases occurred in rural areas, programs emphasizing burn prevention and treatment knowledge should there-fore be made more available to these families.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD01004052017YFA0503800)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB27030205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31800235).
文摘Small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)post-translational modification(SUMOylation)plays essential roles in regulating various biological processes;however,its function and regulation in the plant light signaling pathway are largely unknown.SEUSS(SEU)is a transcriptional co-regulator that integrates light and temperature signaling pathways,thereby regulating plant growth and development in Arabidopsis thaliana.Here,we show that SEU is a substrate of SUMO1,and that substitution of four conserved lysine residues disrupts the SUMOylation of SEU,impairs its function in photo-and thermomorphogenesis,and enhances its interaction with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 transcription factors.Furthermore,the SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 interacts with SEU and regulates its SUMOylation.Moreover,SEU directly interacts with phytochrome B photoreceptors,and the SUMOylation and stability of SEU are activated by light.Our study reveals a novel post-translational modification mechanism of SEU in which light regulates plant growth and development through SUMOylation-mediated protein stability.
