Plant cell elongation depends on well-defined gene regulations,adequate nutrients,and timely cell wall modifications.Anther size is positively correlated with the number and viability of pollen grains,while little is ...Plant cell elongation depends on well-defined gene regulations,adequate nutrients,and timely cell wall modifications.Anther size is positively correlated with the number and viability of pollen grains,while little is known about molecular mechanisms underlying anther cell elongation.Here,we found that properly activated cell elongation regulators at transcriptional levels in loss-of-function ZmMs33 mutant(ms33-6038)anthers failed to promote maize anther elongation.ZmMs33 deficiency disrupted metabolic homeostasis mainly by inhibiting both photosynthesis in anther endothecium and lipid accumulation in anther tapetum.Importantly,ms33-6038 anthers displayed ectopic,premature and excessive secondary cell wall thickening in anther middle layer,which constrained cell elongation structurally and blocked nutrient flows across different anther wall layers.The metabolic disorder was only found in ms33-6038 mutant rather than several representative male-sterility lines at transcriptional and post-translational levels.Collectively,the disordered metabolisms and blocked nutrient flows defeated the activated cell elongation regulators,and finally inhibited anther elongation and growth with a unique‘‘idling effect”in ms33-6038 mutant.展开更多
Plant male reproduction is a fine-tuned developmental process that is susceptible to stressful environments and influences crop grain yields.Phytohormone signaling functions in control of plant normal growth and devel...Plant male reproduction is a fine-tuned developmental process that is susceptible to stressful environments and influences crop grain yields.Phytohormone signaling functions in control of plant normal growth and development as well as in response to external stresses,but the interaction or crosstalk among phytohormone signaling,stress response,and male reproduction in plants remains poorly understood.Cross-species comparison among 514 stress-response transcriptomic libraries revealed that ms33-6038,a genic male sterile mutant deficient in the Zm Ms33/Zm GPAT6 gene,displayed an excessive drought stress-like transcriptional reprogramming in anthers triggered mainly by disturbed jasmonic acid(JA)homeostasis.An increased level of JA appeared in Zm Ms33-deficient anthers at both meiotic and postmeiotic stages and activated genes involved in JA biosynthesis and signaling as well as genes functioning in JA-mediated drought response.Excessive accumulation of JA elevated expression level of a gene encoding a WRKY transcription factor that activated the Zm Ms33 promoter.These findings reveal a feedback loop of Zm Ms33-JA-WRKY-Zm Ms33 in controlling male sterility and JA-mediated stress response in maize,shedding light on the crosstalk of stress response and male sterility mediated by phytohormone homeostasis and signaling.展开更多
Nowadays,the widespread application of 5G has promoted rapid development in different areas,particularly in the Internet of Things(IoT),where 5G provides the advantages of higher data transfer rate,lower latency,and w...Nowadays,the widespread application of 5G has promoted rapid development in different areas,particularly in the Internet of Things(IoT),where 5G provides the advantages of higher data transfer rate,lower latency,and widespread connections.Wireless sensor networks(WSNs),which comprise various sensors,are crucial components of IoT.The main functions of WSN include providing users with real-time monitoring information,deploying regional information collection,and synchronizing with the Internet.Security in WSNs is becoming increasingly essential because of the across-the-board nature of wireless technology in many fields.Recently,Yu et al.proposed a user authentication protocol forWSN.However,their design is vulnerable to sensor capture and temporary information disclosure attacks.Thus,in this study,an improved protocol called PSAP-WSNis proposed.The security of PSAP-WSN is demonstrated by employing the ROR model,BAN logic,and ProVerif tool for the analysis.The experimental evaluation shows that our design is more efficient and suitable forWSN environments.展开更多
Anther development is a programmed biological process crucial to plant male reproduction. Genomewide analyses on the functions of transcriptional factor(TF) genes and their microRNA(miRNA) regulators contributing to a...Anther development is a programmed biological process crucial to plant male reproduction. Genomewide analyses on the functions of transcriptional factor(TF) genes and their microRNA(miRNA) regulators contributing to anther development have not been comprehensively performed in maize. Here, using published RNA-Seq and small RNA-Seq(sRNA-Seq) data from maize anthers at ten developmental stages in three genic male-sterility(GMS) mutants(ocl4, mac1, and ms23) and wild type W23, as well as newly sequenced maize anther transcriptomes of ms7-6007 and lob30 GMS mutants and their WT lines, we analyzed and found 1079 stage-differentially expressed(stage-DE) TF genes that can be grouped into six(premeiotic, meiotic, postmeiotic, premeiotic-meiotic, premeiotic-postmeiotic, and meiotic-postmeiotic clusters) expression clusters. Functional enrichment combined with cytological and physiological analyses revealed specific functions of genes in each expression cluster. In addition, 118 stage-DE miRNAs and99 miRNA-TF gene pairs were identified in maize anthers. Further analyses revealed the regulatory roles of zma-miR319 and zma-miR159 as well as ZmMs7 and ZmLOB30 on ZmGAMYB expression. Moreover,ZmGAMYB and its paralog ZmGAMYB-2 were demonstrated as novel maize GMS genes by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout analysis. These results extend our understanding on the functions of miRNA-TF gene regulatory pairs and GMS TF genes contributing to male fertility in plants.展开更多
Sugar metabolism plays an essential role in plant male reproduction. Defects in sugar metabolism during anther and pollen development often result in genic male sterility(GMS). In this review, we summarize the recent ...Sugar metabolism plays an essential role in plant male reproduction. Defects in sugar metabolism during anther and pollen development often result in genic male sterility(GMS). In this review, we summarize the recent progresses of the sugar metabolism-related GMS genes and their roles during plant anther and pollen development, including callose wall and primexine formation, intine development, pollen maturation and starch accumulation, anther dehiscence, and pollen germination and tube growth. We predict 112 putative sugar metabolic GMS genes in maize based on bioinformatics and RNA-seq analyses, and most of them have peak expression patterns during middle or late anther developmental stages.Finally, we outline the potential applications of sugar metabolic GMS genes in crop hybrid breeding and seed production. This review will deepen our understanding on sugar metabolic pathways in controlling pollen development and male fertility in plants.展开更多
With the rise of the Internet of Things(IoT),the word“intelligent medical care”has increasingly become a major vision.Intelligent medicine adopts the most advanced IoT technology to realize the interaction between p...With the rise of the Internet of Things(IoT),the word“intelligent medical care”has increasingly become a major vision.Intelligent medicine adopts the most advanced IoT technology to realize the interaction between patients and people,medical institutions,andmedical equipment.However,with the openness of network transmission,the security and privacy of information transmission have become a major problem.Recently,Masud et al.proposed a lightweight anonymous user authentication protocol for IoT medical treatment,claiming that their method can resist various attacks.However,through analysis of the protocol,we observed that their protocol cannot effectively resist privileged internal attacks,sensor node capture attacks,and stolen authentication attacks,and their protocol does not have perfect forward security.Therefore,we propose a new protocol to resolve the security vulnerabilities in Masud’s protocol and remove some redundant parameters,so as tomake the protocolmore compact and secure.In addition,we evaluate the security and performance of the new protocol and prove that the overall performance of the new protocol is better than that of other related protocols.展开更多
In a recent issue of Immunity,Xiao et al.reported that cholesterol 25-hydroxylase(CH25H)is a novel immunometabolic checkpoint and a potential drug target for tumor immunotherapy[1].Their study elucidated how CH25H inf...In a recent issue of Immunity,Xiao et al.reported that cholesterol 25-hydroxylase(CH25H)is a novel immunometabolic checkpoint and a potential drug target for tumor immunotherapy[1].Their study elucidated how CH25H influences macrophage polarization and reshapes the tumor microenvironment(TME)by regulating the lysosomal 25-hydroxycholesterol(25HC)content and AMPKa activation(Fig.1).Fehleisen and Busch,two physicians from Germany,independently observed significant tumor regression following erysipelas infection in the late 19th century,and they provided the earliest scientific evidence for tumor immunotherapy[2].To date,immunotherapy has emerged as a focal point in cancer treatment,with the concept of the TME pivotal for understanding cancer initiation and progression[3].展开更多
The rapidly increasing usage of electric technology during the last decades has facilitated the fabrication of high-efficiency microwave absorption(MA)materials(MAMs).In this study,hierarchical NiCo layered double hyd...The rapidly increasing usage of electric technology during the last decades has facilitated the fabrication of high-efficiency microwave absorption(MA)materials(MAMs).In this study,hierarchical NiCo layered double hydroxide(LDH)/carbon fiber(CF)nanocomposites were constructed via simple hydrothermal production,and their MA properties were evaluated.Benefiting from interfacial polarization,defect-induced polarization,and multiple reflections induced by the hierarchical sheets,the LDH/CF composites delivered a better MA perfor-mance than that by pure CF and LDH.The addition ratio of the LDH also played a vital role in determining the impedance matching and microwave absorption performance.Specifically,the optimized LDH/CF composites demonstrated an exceptional reflection loss(RL)of-62.47 dB with a thickness of 2.22 mm,and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)covering 6.4 GHz(11.6-18.0 GHz)at a 20 wt.%filling ratio,which outperformed the reported CF-based microwave absorbers.Owing to this superior MA,the as-prepared LDH/CF composites demonstrated to be significantly promising for advancing the usage of CF-based MAMs.展开更多
Hypertension is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness,which contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD^(+))is an indispens...Hypertension is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness,which contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD^(+))is an indispensable cofactor in all living cells that is involved in fundamental biological processes.However,in hypertensive patients,alterations in NAD^(+)levels and their relation with blood pressure(BP)elevation and vascular damage have not yet been studied.展开更多
Purpose–Conventional image super-resolution reconstruction by the conventional deep learning architectures suffers from the problems of hard training and gradient disappearing.In order to solve such problems,the purp...Purpose–Conventional image super-resolution reconstruction by the conventional deep learning architectures suffers from the problems of hard training and gradient disappearing.In order to solve such problems,the purposeof this paperis to proposea novel image super-resolutionalgorithmbasedon improved generative adversarial networks(GANs)with Wasserstein distance and gradient penalty.Design/methodology/approach–The proposed algorithm first introduces the conventional GANs architecture,the Wasserstein distance and the gradient penalty for the task of image super-resolution reconstruction(SRWGANs-GP).In addition,a novel perceptual loss function is designed for the SRWGANs-GP to meet the task of image super-resolution reconstruction.The content loss is extracted from the deep model’s feature maps,and such features are introduced to calculate mean square error(MSE)for the loss calculation of generators.Findings–To validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm,a lot of compared experiments are applied on three common data sets,i.e.Set5,Set14 and BSD100.Experimental results have shown that the proposed SRWGANs-GP architecture has a stable error gradient and iteratively convergence.Compared with the baseline deep models,the proposed GANs models have a significant improvement on performance and efficiency for image super-resolution reconstruction.The MSE calculated by the deep model’s feature maps gives more advantages for constructing contour and texture.Originality/value–Compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms,the proposed algorithm obtains a better performance on image super-resolution and better reconstruction results on contour and texture.展开更多
Chaotic Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis(BOCDA)has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated with the advantage of high spatial resolution.However,it faces the same issue of the temperature and strain...Chaotic Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis(BOCDA)has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated with the advantage of high spatial resolution.However,it faces the same issue of the temperature and strain cross-sensitivity.In this paper,the simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain can be preliminarily achieved by analyzing the two Brillouin frequencies of the chaotic laser in a large-effective-area fiber(LEAF).A temperature resolution of 1℃ and a strain resolution of 20μξ can be obtained with a spatial resolution of 3.9cm.The actual temperature and strain measurement errors are 0.37℃ and 10μξ,respectively,which are within the maximum measurement errors.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000302)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(06500136)the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities)(FRF-IDRY-20-038).
文摘Plant cell elongation depends on well-defined gene regulations,adequate nutrients,and timely cell wall modifications.Anther size is positively correlated with the number and viability of pollen grains,while little is known about molecular mechanisms underlying anther cell elongation.Here,we found that properly activated cell elongation regulators at transcriptional levels in loss-of-function ZmMs33 mutant(ms33-6038)anthers failed to promote maize anther elongation.ZmMs33 deficiency disrupted metabolic homeostasis mainly by inhibiting both photosynthesis in anther endothecium and lipid accumulation in anther tapetum.Importantly,ms33-6038 anthers displayed ectopic,premature and excessive secondary cell wall thickening in anther middle layer,which constrained cell elongation structurally and blocked nutrient flows across different anther wall layers.The metabolic disorder was only found in ms33-6038 mutant rather than several representative male-sterility lines at transcriptional and post-translational levels.Collectively,the disordered metabolisms and blocked nutrient flows defeated the activated cell elongation regulators,and finally inhibited anther elongation and growth with a unique‘‘idling effect”in ms33-6038 mutant.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFF1000302,2022YFF1003500, and 2022YFF1002400)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (FRF-IDRY-20-038 and 06500136)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971958)。
文摘Plant male reproduction is a fine-tuned developmental process that is susceptible to stressful environments and influences crop grain yields.Phytohormone signaling functions in control of plant normal growth and development as well as in response to external stresses,but the interaction or crosstalk among phytohormone signaling,stress response,and male reproduction in plants remains poorly understood.Cross-species comparison among 514 stress-response transcriptomic libraries revealed that ms33-6038,a genic male sterile mutant deficient in the Zm Ms33/Zm GPAT6 gene,displayed an excessive drought stress-like transcriptional reprogramming in anthers triggered mainly by disturbed jasmonic acid(JA)homeostasis.An increased level of JA appeared in Zm Ms33-deficient anthers at both meiotic and postmeiotic stages and activated genes involved in JA biosynthesis and signaling as well as genes functioning in JA-mediated drought response.Excessive accumulation of JA elevated expression level of a gene encoding a WRKY transcription factor that activated the Zm Ms33 promoter.These findings reveal a feedback loop of Zm Ms33-JA-WRKY-Zm Ms33 in controlling male sterility and JA-mediated stress response in maize,shedding light on the crosstalk of stress response and male sterility mediated by phytohormone homeostasis and signaling.
文摘Nowadays,the widespread application of 5G has promoted rapid development in different areas,particularly in the Internet of Things(IoT),where 5G provides the advantages of higher data transfer rate,lower latency,and widespread connections.Wireless sensor networks(WSNs),which comprise various sensors,are crucial components of IoT.The main functions of WSN include providing users with real-time monitoring information,deploying regional information collection,and synchronizing with the Internet.Security in WSNs is becoming increasingly essential because of the across-the-board nature of wireless technology in many fields.Recently,Yu et al.proposed a user authentication protocol forWSN.However,their design is vulnerable to sensor capture and temporary information disclosure attacks.Thus,in this study,an improved protocol called PSAP-WSNis proposed.The security of PSAP-WSN is demonstrated by employing the ROR model,BAN logic,and ProVerif tool for the analysis.The experimental evaluation shows that our design is more efficient and suitable forWSN environments.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771875, 31971958, and 31871702)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (2302019FRF-TP-19-013A1, 06500136)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0102001, 2018YFD0100806, and 2017YFD0101201)。
文摘Anther development is a programmed biological process crucial to plant male reproduction. Genomewide analyses on the functions of transcriptional factor(TF) genes and their microRNA(miRNA) regulators contributing to anther development have not been comprehensively performed in maize. Here, using published RNA-Seq and small RNA-Seq(sRNA-Seq) data from maize anthers at ten developmental stages in three genic male-sterility(GMS) mutants(ocl4, mac1, and ms23) and wild type W23, as well as newly sequenced maize anther transcriptomes of ms7-6007 and lob30 GMS mutants and their WT lines, we analyzed and found 1079 stage-differentially expressed(stage-DE) TF genes that can be grouped into six(premeiotic, meiotic, postmeiotic, premeiotic-meiotic, premeiotic-postmeiotic, and meiotic-postmeiotic clusters) expression clusters. Functional enrichment combined with cytological and physiological analyses revealed specific functions of genes in each expression cluster. In addition, 118 stage-DE miRNAs and99 miRNA-TF gene pairs were identified in maize anthers. Further analyses revealed the regulatory roles of zma-miR319 and zma-miR159 as well as ZmMs7 and ZmLOB30 on ZmGAMYB expression. Moreover,ZmGAMYB and its paralog ZmGAMYB-2 were demonstrated as novel maize GMS genes by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout analysis. These results extend our understanding on the functions of miRNA-TF gene regulatory pairs and GMS TF genes contributing to male fertility in plants.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0100806,2017YFD0101201 and 2017YFD0102001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871702,31971958 and 31771875)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(06500136)the Beijing Science&Technology Plan Program(Z191100004019005)。
文摘Sugar metabolism plays an essential role in plant male reproduction. Defects in sugar metabolism during anther and pollen development often result in genic male sterility(GMS). In this review, we summarize the recent progresses of the sugar metabolism-related GMS genes and their roles during plant anther and pollen development, including callose wall and primexine formation, intine development, pollen maturation and starch accumulation, anther dehiscence, and pollen germination and tube growth. We predict 112 putative sugar metabolic GMS genes in maize based on bioinformatics and RNA-seq analyses, and most of them have peak expression patterns during middle or late anther developmental stages.Finally, we outline the potential applications of sugar metabolic GMS genes in crop hybrid breeding and seed production. This review will deepen our understanding on sugar metabolic pathways in controlling pollen development and male fertility in plants.
文摘With the rise of the Internet of Things(IoT),the word“intelligent medical care”has increasingly become a major vision.Intelligent medicine adopts the most advanced IoT technology to realize the interaction between patients and people,medical institutions,andmedical equipment.However,with the openness of network transmission,the security and privacy of information transmission have become a major problem.Recently,Masud et al.proposed a lightweight anonymous user authentication protocol for IoT medical treatment,claiming that their method can resist various attacks.However,through analysis of the protocol,we observed that their protocol cannot effectively resist privileged internal attacks,sensor node capture attacks,and stolen authentication attacks,and their protocol does not have perfect forward security.Therefore,we propose a new protocol to resolve the security vulnerabilities in Masud’s protocol and remove some redundant parameters,so as tomake the protocolmore compact and secure.In addition,we evaluate the security and performance of the new protocol and prove that the overall performance of the new protocol is better than that of other related protocols.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project:32371243,32171168,32350610248).
文摘In a recent issue of Immunity,Xiao et al.reported that cholesterol 25-hydroxylase(CH25H)is a novel immunometabolic checkpoint and a potential drug target for tumor immunotherapy[1].Their study elucidated how CH25H influences macrophage polarization and reshapes the tumor microenvironment(TME)by regulating the lysosomal 25-hydroxycholesterol(25HC)content and AMPKa activation(Fig.1).Fehleisen and Busch,two physicians from Germany,independently observed significant tumor regression following erysipelas infection in the late 19th century,and they provided the earliest scientific evidence for tumor immunotherapy[2].To date,immunotherapy has emerged as a focal point in cancer treatment,with the concept of the TME pivotal for understanding cancer initiation and progression[3].
基金support received from the Natural Science Foundation of the Shandong Province(ZR2021QE164).
文摘The rapidly increasing usage of electric technology during the last decades has facilitated the fabrication of high-efficiency microwave absorption(MA)materials(MAMs).In this study,hierarchical NiCo layered double hydroxide(LDH)/carbon fiber(CF)nanocomposites were constructed via simple hydrothermal production,and their MA properties were evaluated.Benefiting from interfacial polarization,defect-induced polarization,and multiple reflections induced by the hierarchical sheets,the LDH/CF composites delivered a better MA perfor-mance than that by pure CF and LDH.The addition ratio of the LDH also played a vital role in determining the impedance matching and microwave absorption performance.Specifically,the optimized LDH/CF composites demonstrated an exceptional reflection loss(RL)of-62.47 dB with a thickness of 2.22 mm,and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)covering 6.4 GHz(11.6-18.0 GHz)at a 20 wt.%filling ratio,which outperformed the reported CF-based microwave absorbers.Owing to this superior MA,the as-prepared LDH/CF composites demonstrated to be significantly promising for advancing the usage of CF-based MAMs.
基金This study is supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China Project(2020YFC2008000)Guangzhou Key-Area R&D Program(202206080004)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82270460,92249304,82270458,82000461,82270429,82000466)the Kelin Star Talent Support Program of First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University(R08019).
文摘Hypertension is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness,which contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD^(+))is an indispensable cofactor in all living cells that is involved in fundamental biological processes.However,in hypertensive patients,alterations in NAD^(+)levels and their relation with blood pressure(BP)elevation and vascular damage have not yet been studied.
文摘Purpose–Conventional image super-resolution reconstruction by the conventional deep learning architectures suffers from the problems of hard training and gradient disappearing.In order to solve such problems,the purposeof this paperis to proposea novel image super-resolutionalgorithmbasedon improved generative adversarial networks(GANs)with Wasserstein distance and gradient penalty.Design/methodology/approach–The proposed algorithm first introduces the conventional GANs architecture,the Wasserstein distance and the gradient penalty for the task of image super-resolution reconstruction(SRWGANs-GP).In addition,a novel perceptual loss function is designed for the SRWGANs-GP to meet the task of image super-resolution reconstruction.The content loss is extracted from the deep model’s feature maps,and such features are introduced to calculate mean square error(MSE)for the loss calculation of generators.Findings–To validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm,a lot of compared experiments are applied on three common data sets,i.e.Set5,Set14 and BSD100.Experimental results have shown that the proposed SRWGANs-GP architecture has a stable error gradient and iteratively convergence.Compared with the baseline deep models,the proposed GANs models have a significant improvement on performance and efficiency for image super-resolution reconstruction.The MSE calculated by the deep model’s feature maps gives more advantages for constructing contour and texture.Originality/value–Compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms,the proposed algorithm obtains a better performance on image super-resolution and better reconstruction results on contour and texture.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.61527819 and 61875146)in part by the Research Project Supported by Shanxi Province Youth Science and Technology Foundation(Grant No.201601D021069)+1 种基金in part by the Key Research and Development Program(High-Tech Field)of Shanxi Province(Grant Nos.201803D121064 and 201803D31044)in part by the Program for Sanjin Scholar,in part by the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements Programs(TSTAP)of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi,and in part by the Program for the Outstanding Innovative Teams of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi.
文摘Chaotic Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis(BOCDA)has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated with the advantage of high spatial resolution.However,it faces the same issue of the temperature and strain cross-sensitivity.In this paper,the simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain can be preliminarily achieved by analyzing the two Brillouin frequencies of the chaotic laser in a large-effective-area fiber(LEAF).A temperature resolution of 1℃ and a strain resolution of 20μξ can be obtained with a spatial resolution of 3.9cm.The actual temperature and strain measurement errors are 0.37℃ and 10μξ,respectively,which are within the maximum measurement errors.
