MnNiS_(x)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)as the positive electrode of supercapacitor was successfully prepared by hydrothermal method with the assistance of amino-functionalized ionic liquids.The micromorphological structures of MnN...MnNiS_(x)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)as the positive electrode of supercapacitor was successfully prepared by hydrothermal method with the assistance of amino-functionalized ionic liquids.The micromorphological structures of MnNiS_(x)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)were analyzed using X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,transmission electron microscope,and energy dispersive spectrometer to reveal the synergistic effect between MnNiSxand Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene.MnNiS——x grew into a three-dimensional coral-like structure on the surface and between layers of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)nanosheets.This structure alleviated the collapse and stacking of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x),increased the specific surface area of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x),and promoted the charges transfer on the surface of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x).The electrochemical performances of MnNiS_(x)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)positive electrode,such as cyclic voltammetry,galvanostatic charge/discharge,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,were investigated.The synergistic effect between MnNiSxand Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene improved the specific capacitance and the capacitance retention of the MnNiS_(x)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)electrode.An asymmetric solid-state supercapacitor(ASC)assembled using MnNiS_(x)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)as cathode material had the power density of 816.34 W·kg^(-1),and the energy density of 35.11 Wh·kg^(-1).The capacitance retention of ASC reached 98% after 5000 cycles at a current density of 5 A·g^(-1).展开更多
Brain functional network (BFN) has become an important tool for the analysis and diagnosis of brain diseases, and how to build a high-quality BFN based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) ...Brain functional network (BFN) has become an important tool for the analysis and diagnosis of brain diseases, and how to build a high-quality BFN based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has become a growing concern in the neuroscience community. Although some methods have been proposed to construct a high-quality BFN, they only encode the spatial characteristics of the ROIs, ignoring the temporal characteristics. As a result, it becomes challenging to accurately capture the true state of the brain. To address this problem, we propose a novel method to construct a higher-order BFN, considering both temporal and spatial domain characteristics. In particular, we get the characteristics of the temporal domain by differentiating the rs-fMRI signal itself, and then we integrate the information of the spatial domain and temporal domain to build a high-order BFN. To evaluate the proposed method, we conduct our experiments on ABIDE database to identify subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) from normal controls. Experimental results show that our method can achieve higher performance than baseline methods.展开更多
The Kinect-based virtual reality system for the Xbox 360 enables users to control and interact with the game console without the need to touch a game controller,and provides rehabilitation training for stroke patients...The Kinect-based virtual reality system for the Xbox 360 enables users to control and interact with the game console without the need to touch a game controller,and provides rehabilitation training for stroke patients with lower limb dysfunctions.However,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In this study,18 healthy subjects and five patients after subacute stroke were included.The five patients were scanned using functional MRI prior to training,3 weeks after training and at a12-week follow-up,and then compared with healthy subjects.The Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Wolf Motor Function Test scores of the hemiplegic upper limbs of stroke patients were significantly increased 3 weeks after training and at the 12-week follow-up.Functional MRI results showed that contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex was activated after Kinect-based virtual reality training in the stroke patients compared with the healthy subjects.Contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex,the bilateral supplementary motor area and the ipsilateral cerebellum were also activated during hand-clenching in all 18 healthy subjects.Our findings indicate that Kinect-based virtual reality training could promote the recovery of upper limb motor function in subacute stroke patients,and brain reorganization by Kinect-based virtual reality training may be linked to the contralateral sensorimotor cortex.展开更多
The isomerization of n-pentane to generate high-quality blending components for clean gasoline was catalyzed by several amide-AlCl3-based ionic liquid(IL) analogs with various amides as donor molecules. The catalytic ...The isomerization of n-pentane to generate high-quality blending components for clean gasoline was catalyzed by several amide-AlCl3-based ionic liquid(IL) analogs with various amides as donor molecules. The catalytic performance of these IL analogs was evaluated in a magnetic agitated autoclave operated in batch mode.IL analog based n-methylacetamide(NMA)-AlCl3 with the amide/AlCl3 molar ratio of 0.65 showed excellent performance toward n-pentane isomerization because 0.65 NMA-1.0 AlCl3 had a low viscosity and bidentate coordination structure. The influences of reaction time, reaction temperature, and stirring speed on the catalytic performance were also investigated. Optimal reaction conditions comprised the reaction time of 1 h, the reaction temperature of 40 °C, and the stirring speed of 1500 r·min-1. Under optimal condition, the n-C5 conversion,research octane number(RON) increment, total liquids yield, and isoparaffin yield in isomerized oil were56.80%, 13.51, 89.90 wt%, and 44.32 wt%, respectively. A new mathematical model was constructed to predict the relationships among RON increment, RON increment/n-C5 conversion ratio, and n-C5 conversion. The new model indicated that an appropriate conversion per pass of n-C5 did not exceed 50%–55%. Various cycloparaffin additives were used to improve the catalytic performance of 0.65 NMA-1.0 AlCl3. The n-C5 conversion increased from 56.80% to 67.32%. The RON increment, total liquids yield, and isoparaffin yield reached 17.83, 97.36 wt%,and 63.74 wt%, respectively.展开更多
Isobutane alkylation with 2-butene to produce high-quality gasoline was catalyzed by Nmethylacetamide(NMA)-AlCl3 based ionic liquid(IL) analog with a NMA/AlCl3 molar ratio of 0.75 and CuCl modification,which was marke...Isobutane alkylation with 2-butene to produce high-quality gasoline was catalyzed by Nmethylacetamide(NMA)-AlCl3 based ionic liquid(IL) analog with a NMA/AlCl3 molar ratio of 0.75 and CuCl modification,which was marked as CuCl-modified 0.75 NMA-1.0 AlCl3.The long-term experiment was carried out in the autoclave operated in continuous mode to investigate the distribution of alkylate under different experimental nodes.The result indicated that the long-term alkylation was divided into three stages:rising,stable,and descending regions.C8 selectivity and molar ratio of trimethylpentanes(TMPs) to dimethylhexanes(DMHs) reached the highest level in the stable region,and research octane number(RON) of alkylate was as high as 97.Anionic Al species([AlbCl7]^-,[A1 CuC15]^-) and cationic Al species([AlCl2 L]^+) from IL analog as two active Lewis acidic species played a catalytic role in the long-term alkylation,whereas the neutral Al species did not participate into the alkylation.Moreover,the structure of CuCl-modified 0.75 NMA-1.0 AlCl3 was destroyed after the deactivation,and CuCl was enriched in the CD2 Cl2-insoluble substance,resulting in a decreasing TMP/DMH ratio.The catalytic lifetime of IL analog was similar with CuCl-modified 0.55 Et3 NHCl-1.0 AlCl3 IL,but IL analog had a lower cost.展开更多
The physicochemical properties of three different amide–AlCl_3 based ionic liquid(IL) analogues and their mixtures with copper salt, such as conductivity, viscosity, density and isobutane solubility were determined o...The physicochemical properties of three different amide–AlCl_3 based ionic liquid(IL) analogues and their mixtures with copper salt, such as conductivity, viscosity, density and isobutane solubility were determined over a wide range of temperatures.The effects of amide structure, amide/AlCl_3 molar ratio and CuCl modification on these physicochemical properties were investigated.Results showed that the conductivity of amide–AlCl_3 based IL analogues was much lower than that of traditional Et_3NHCl–AlCl_3 IL with same ligand/AlCl_3 molar ratio due to incomplete splitting of AlCl_3, whereas the density and viscosity of amide–AlCl_3 based IL analogues were slightly higher.The viscosity of amide–AlCl_3 based IL analogues was closely related to the amide structure,and followed the order of DMA–AlCl_3>AA–AlCl_3>NMA–AlCl_3 with same amide/AlCl_3 molar ratio.Meanwhile,the density of amide–AlCl_3 based IL analogues ranked in the following order: AA–AlCl_3>NMA–AlCl_3>DMA–AlCl_3.Increasing the amide/AlCl_3 molar ratio decreased the conductivity and density, while increased the viscosity.The solubility experiment indicated that the isobutane solubility in NMA–AlCl_3 was highest than that in two other IL analogues.Under the modification of CuCl, the conductivity, viscosity and density of these IL analogues increased, whereas the isobutane solubility decreased.These results provide the foundation for the development of a suitable IL analogue catalyst for isobutane alkylation.展开更多
Objective: To determine the mechanisms by which protein deficiency during pregnancy can lead to long-term alterations in learning and memory abilities of the offspring in rats. Study design: Fourty-two pregnant rats w...Objective: To determine the mechanisms by which protein deficiency during pregnancy can lead to long-term alterations in learning and memory abilities of the offspring in rats. Study design: Fourty-two pregnant rats were fed control (n = 23) or low protein (n = 19) diets ad libitum until parturition. On the 8th week of post-natal life which represented early adulthood, eighty-four offsprings (control group: n = 52, LP group: n = 32) were determined their learning & memory ability by using the Morris water maze test. Six offprings’ brain tissue (control group: n = 3, LP group: n = 3) was also analysed for DNA methylating profiles, the GO and KEGG pathways, methylation status and twelve for protein expression (control group: n = 6, LP group: n = 6). Results: The offsprings of the protein-deficient-diet fed rats learnt faster initially then lagged behind those of the control rats, especially in female rats (p = 0.035). There were a series of genes methylated in the CpG island and pormoter area. Quantitative Mass Array data showed methylation differences in Grin2b and Grin2b_3CpG 3, 4, & 5 might be the target sites as shown by dual-luciferase assay. A decreased level of protein expression of NMDAR2B was observed. Conclusion: Differential methylation status in Grin2b and changes in expression of NMDAR2B may partially explain the long-term impact of maternal protein deficiency on the cognitive and learning capabilities of offsprings.展开更多
The composite electrode of CoNiS_(x)and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene was successfully prepared using a onestep hydrothermal method under the in-situ doping of the cobalt element.The effects of in-situ doping of the cobalt el...The composite electrode of CoNiS_(x)and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene was successfully prepared using a onestep hydrothermal method under the in-situ doping of the cobalt element.The effects of in-situ doping of the cobalt element on the micromorphology and electrochemical performance of the electrodes were investigated.After insitu doping of the cobalt element,NiS with a needle-like structure was converted into a CoNiS_(x)with petal-like structure.The petal-like CoNiS_(x)with a rough surface was very dense and evenly wrapped on the surface and interlamination of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x),which helped increase the specific surface area and pore volume of the electrode.Under the identical test conditions,CoNiS_(x)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)had a higher specific capacitance and capacitance retention than NiS@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x).This result indicated that the in-situ doping of the cobalt element promoted the electrochemical performance of the electrode.The energy density of the CoNiS_(x)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/nickel foam(NF)//activated carbon(AC)/NF asymmetric supercapacitor device was 59.20 Wh·kg^(–1)at a power density of 826.73 W·kg^(–1),which was much higher than that of NiS@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/NF//AC/NF.Three CoNiS_(x)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/NF//AC/NF in series were able to illuminate the light emitting diode lamp for about 10 min,which was higher than the 5 min of three NiS@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/NF//AC/NF in series under the same condition.The CoNiS_(x)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/NF//AC/NF with high energy density had better application potential in energy storage than the NiS@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/NF//AC/NF.展开更多
Coix is a grass crop domesticated as early as the Neolithic era.It is still widely cultivated for both highly nutritional food and medicinal use.However,the genetic study and breeding of this crop are hindered by the ...Coix is a grass crop domesticated as early as the Neolithic era.It is still widely cultivated for both highly nutritional food and medicinal use.However,the genetic study and breeding of this crop are hindered by the lack of a sequenced genome.Here,we report de novo sequencing and assembly of the 1619-Mb genome of Coix,and annotation of 75.39%repeats and 39629 protein-coding genes.Comparative genomics analysis showed that Coix is more closely related to sorghum than maize,but intriguingly only Coix and maize had a recent genome duplication event,which was not detected in sorghum.We further constructed a genetic map and mapped several important traits,especially the strength of hull.Selection of papery hull(thin:easy dehulling)from the stony hull(thick:difficult dehulling)in wild progenitors was a key step in Coix domestication.The papery hull makes seed easier to process and germinate.Anatomic and global transcriptome analysis revealed that the papery hull is a result of inhibition of cell division and wall biogenesis.We also successfully demonstrated that seed hull pressure resistance is controlled by two major quantitative trait loci(QTLs),which are associated with hull thickness and color,respectively.The two QTLs were further fine mapped within intervals of 250 kb and 146 kb,respectively.These resources provide a platform for evolutionary studies and will facilitate molecular breeding of this important crop.展开更多
Concentration gradient and fluid shear stress(FSS)for cell microenvironment were investigated through microfluidic technology.The Darcy–Weisbach equation combined with computational fluid dynamics modeling was exploi...Concentration gradient and fluid shear stress(FSS)for cell microenvironment were investigated through microfluidic technology.The Darcy–Weisbach equation combined with computational fluid dynamics modeling was exploited to design the microfluidic chip,and the FSS distribution on the cell model with varying micro-channels(triangular,conical,and elliptical).The diffusion with the incompressible laminar flow model by solving the time-dependent diffusion–convection equation was applied to simulate the gradient profiles of concentration in the micro-channels.For the study of single cell in-depth,the FSS was investigated by the usage of polystyrene particles and the concentration diffusion distribution was studied by the usage of different colors of dyes.A successful agreement between model simulations and experimental data was obtained.Finally,based on the established method,the communication between individual cells was envisaged and modeled.The developed method provides valuable insights and allows to continuously improve the design of microfluidic devices for the study of single cell,the occurrence and development of tumors,and therapeutic applications.展开更多
基金the financial support of the Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University(605-50Y17073),Xiamen,China。
文摘MnNiS_(x)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)as the positive electrode of supercapacitor was successfully prepared by hydrothermal method with the assistance of amino-functionalized ionic liquids.The micromorphological structures of MnNiS_(x)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)were analyzed using X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,transmission electron microscope,and energy dispersive spectrometer to reveal the synergistic effect between MnNiSxand Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene.MnNiS——x grew into a three-dimensional coral-like structure on the surface and between layers of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)nanosheets.This structure alleviated the collapse and stacking of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x),increased the specific surface area of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x),and promoted the charges transfer on the surface of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x).The electrochemical performances of MnNiS_(x)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)positive electrode,such as cyclic voltammetry,galvanostatic charge/discharge,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,were investigated.The synergistic effect between MnNiSxand Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene improved the specific capacitance and the capacitance retention of the MnNiS_(x)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)electrode.An asymmetric solid-state supercapacitor(ASC)assembled using MnNiS_(x)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)as cathode material had the power density of 816.34 W·kg^(-1),and the energy density of 35.11 Wh·kg^(-1).The capacitance retention of ASC reached 98% after 5000 cycles at a current density of 5 A·g^(-1).
文摘Brain functional network (BFN) has become an important tool for the analysis and diagnosis of brain diseases, and how to build a high-quality BFN based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has become a growing concern in the neuroscience community. Although some methods have been proposed to construct a high-quality BFN, they only encode the spatial characteristics of the ROIs, ignoring the temporal characteristics. As a result, it becomes challenging to accurately capture the true state of the brain. To address this problem, we propose a novel method to construct a higher-order BFN, considering both temporal and spatial domain characteristics. In particular, we get the characteristics of the temporal domain by differentiating the rs-fMRI signal itself, and then we integrate the information of the spatial domain and temporal domain to build a high-order BFN. To evaluate the proposed method, we conduct our experiments on ABIDE database to identify subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) from normal controls. Experimental results show that our method can achieve higher performance than baseline methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundationof China,No.30973165
文摘The Kinect-based virtual reality system for the Xbox 360 enables users to control and interact with the game console without the need to touch a game controller,and provides rehabilitation training for stroke patients with lower limb dysfunctions.However,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In this study,18 healthy subjects and five patients after subacute stroke were included.The five patients were scanned using functional MRI prior to training,3 weeks after training and at a12-week follow-up,and then compared with healthy subjects.The Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Wolf Motor Function Test scores of the hemiplegic upper limbs of stroke patients were significantly increased 3 weeks after training and at the 12-week follow-up.Functional MRI results showed that contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex was activated after Kinect-based virtual reality training in the stroke patients compared with the healthy subjects.Contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex,the bilateral supplementary motor area and the ipsilateral cerebellum were also activated during hand-clenching in all 18 healthy subjects.Our findings indicate that Kinect-based virtual reality training could promote the recovery of upper limb motor function in subacute stroke patients,and brain reorganization by Kinect-based virtual reality training may be linked to the contralateral sensorimotor cortex.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21802047)the Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University(600005-Z17Y0073).
文摘The isomerization of n-pentane to generate high-quality blending components for clean gasoline was catalyzed by several amide-AlCl3-based ionic liquid(IL) analogs with various amides as donor molecules. The catalytic performance of these IL analogs was evaluated in a magnetic agitated autoclave operated in batch mode.IL analog based n-methylacetamide(NMA)-AlCl3 with the amide/AlCl3 molar ratio of 0.65 showed excellent performance toward n-pentane isomerization because 0.65 NMA-1.0 AlCl3 had a low viscosity and bidentate coordination structure. The influences of reaction time, reaction temperature, and stirring speed on the catalytic performance were also investigated. Optimal reaction conditions comprised the reaction time of 1 h, the reaction temperature of 40 °C, and the stirring speed of 1500 r·min-1. Under optimal condition, the n-C5 conversion,research octane number(RON) increment, total liquids yield, and isoparaffin yield in isomerized oil were56.80%, 13.51, 89.90 wt%, and 44.32 wt%, respectively. A new mathematical model was constructed to predict the relationships among RON increment, RON increment/n-C5 conversion ratio, and n-C5 conversion. The new model indicated that an appropriate conversion per pass of n-C5 did not exceed 50%–55%. Various cycloparaffin additives were used to improve the catalytic performance of 0.65 NMA-1.0 AlCl3. The n-C5 conversion increased from 56.80% to 67.32%. The RON increment, total liquids yield, and isoparaffin yield reached 17.83, 97.36 wt%,and 63.74 wt%, respectively.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21802047)the Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University(No.600005-Z17Y0073)
文摘Isobutane alkylation with 2-butene to produce high-quality gasoline was catalyzed by Nmethylacetamide(NMA)-AlCl3 based ionic liquid(IL) analog with a NMA/AlCl3 molar ratio of 0.75 and CuCl modification,which was marked as CuCl-modified 0.75 NMA-1.0 AlCl3.The long-term experiment was carried out in the autoclave operated in continuous mode to investigate the distribution of alkylate under different experimental nodes.The result indicated that the long-term alkylation was divided into three stages:rising,stable,and descending regions.C8 selectivity and molar ratio of trimethylpentanes(TMPs) to dimethylhexanes(DMHs) reached the highest level in the stable region,and research octane number(RON) of alkylate was as high as 97.Anionic Al species([AlbCl7]^-,[A1 CuC15]^-) and cationic Al species([AlCl2 L]^+) from IL analog as two active Lewis acidic species played a catalytic role in the long-term alkylation,whereas the neutral Al species did not participate into the alkylation.Moreover,the structure of CuCl-modified 0.75 NMA-1.0 AlCl3 was destroyed after the deactivation,and CuCl was enriched in the CD2 Cl2-insoluble substance,resulting in a decreasing TMP/DMH ratio.The catalytic lifetime of IL analog was similar with CuCl-modified 0.55 Et3 NHCl-1.0 AlCl3 IL,but IL analog had a lower cost.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University(600005-Z17Y0073)
文摘The physicochemical properties of three different amide–AlCl_3 based ionic liquid(IL) analogues and their mixtures with copper salt, such as conductivity, viscosity, density and isobutane solubility were determined over a wide range of temperatures.The effects of amide structure, amide/AlCl_3 molar ratio and CuCl modification on these physicochemical properties were investigated.Results showed that the conductivity of amide–AlCl_3 based IL analogues was much lower than that of traditional Et_3NHCl–AlCl_3 IL with same ligand/AlCl_3 molar ratio due to incomplete splitting of AlCl_3, whereas the density and viscosity of amide–AlCl_3 based IL analogues were slightly higher.The viscosity of amide–AlCl_3 based IL analogues was closely related to the amide structure,and followed the order of DMA–AlCl_3>AA–AlCl_3>NMA–AlCl_3 with same amide/AlCl_3 molar ratio.Meanwhile,the density of amide–AlCl_3 based IL analogues ranked in the following order: AA–AlCl_3>NMA–AlCl_3>DMA–AlCl_3.Increasing the amide/AlCl_3 molar ratio decreased the conductivity and density, while increased the viscosity.The solubility experiment indicated that the isobutane solubility in NMA–AlCl_3 was highest than that in two other IL analogues.Under the modification of CuCl, the conductivity, viscosity and density of these IL analogues increased, whereas the isobutane solubility decreased.These results provide the foundation for the development of a suitable IL analogue catalyst for isobutane alkylation.
文摘Objective: To determine the mechanisms by which protein deficiency during pregnancy can lead to long-term alterations in learning and memory abilities of the offspring in rats. Study design: Fourty-two pregnant rats were fed control (n = 23) or low protein (n = 19) diets ad libitum until parturition. On the 8th week of post-natal life which represented early adulthood, eighty-four offsprings (control group: n = 52, LP group: n = 32) were determined their learning & memory ability by using the Morris water maze test. Six offprings’ brain tissue (control group: n = 3, LP group: n = 3) was also analysed for DNA methylating profiles, the GO and KEGG pathways, methylation status and twelve for protein expression (control group: n = 6, LP group: n = 6). Results: The offsprings of the protein-deficient-diet fed rats learnt faster initially then lagged behind those of the control rats, especially in female rats (p = 0.035). There were a series of genes methylated in the CpG island and pormoter area. Quantitative Mass Array data showed methylation differences in Grin2b and Grin2b_3CpG 3, 4, & 5 might be the target sites as shown by dual-luciferase assay. A decreased level of protein expression of NMDAR2B was observed. Conclusion: Differential methylation status in Grin2b and changes in expression of NMDAR2B may partially explain the long-term impact of maternal protein deficiency on the cognitive and learning capabilities of offsprings.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University(Grant No.605-50Y17073),Xiamen,China.
文摘The composite electrode of CoNiS_(x)and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene was successfully prepared using a onestep hydrothermal method under the in-situ doping of the cobalt element.The effects of in-situ doping of the cobalt element on the micromorphology and electrochemical performance of the electrodes were investigated.After insitu doping of the cobalt element,NiS with a needle-like structure was converted into a CoNiS_(x)with petal-like structure.The petal-like CoNiS_(x)with a rough surface was very dense and evenly wrapped on the surface and interlamination of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x),which helped increase the specific surface area and pore volume of the electrode.Under the identical test conditions,CoNiS_(x)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)had a higher specific capacitance and capacitance retention than NiS@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x).This result indicated that the in-situ doping of the cobalt element promoted the electrochemical performance of the electrode.The energy density of the CoNiS_(x)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/nickel foam(NF)//activated carbon(AC)/NF asymmetric supercapacitor device was 59.20 Wh·kg^(–1)at a power density of 826.73 W·kg^(–1),which was much higher than that of NiS@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/NF//AC/NF.Three CoNiS_(x)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/NF//AC/NF in series were able to illuminate the light emitting diode lamp for about 10 min,which was higher than the 5 min of three NiS@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/NF//AC/NF in series under the same condition.The CoNiS_(x)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/NF//AC/NF with high energy density had better application potential in energy storage than the NiS@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/NF//AC/NF.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.31971753,81703657)Key Project at Central Government Level:the Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources(2060302)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution of China(Y2017XM06,ZZ13-YQ-085)the Key Science and Technology Program of Biotechnology and Medicine of Sichuan Province(2018NZDZX0001)the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB138705).
文摘Coix is a grass crop domesticated as early as the Neolithic era.It is still widely cultivated for both highly nutritional food and medicinal use.However,the genetic study and breeding of this crop are hindered by the lack of a sequenced genome.Here,we report de novo sequencing and assembly of the 1619-Mb genome of Coix,and annotation of 75.39%repeats and 39629 protein-coding genes.Comparative genomics analysis showed that Coix is more closely related to sorghum than maize,but intriguingly only Coix and maize had a recent genome duplication event,which was not detected in sorghum.We further constructed a genetic map and mapped several important traits,especially the strength of hull.Selection of papery hull(thin:easy dehulling)from the stony hull(thick:difficult dehulling)in wild progenitors was a key step in Coix domestication.The papery hull makes seed easier to process and germinate.Anatomic and global transcriptome analysis revealed that the papery hull is a result of inhibition of cell division and wall biogenesis.We also successfully demonstrated that seed hull pressure resistance is controlled by two major quantitative trait loci(QTLs),which are associated with hull thickness and color,respectively.The two QTLs were further fine mapped within intervals of 250 kb and 146 kb,respectively.These resources provide a platform for evolutionary studies and will facilitate molecular breeding of this important crop.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21804045)Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.2019I0014)Promotion Program for Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Science and Technology Research of Huaqiao University(No.ZQN-PY612)。
文摘Concentration gradient and fluid shear stress(FSS)for cell microenvironment were investigated through microfluidic technology.The Darcy–Weisbach equation combined with computational fluid dynamics modeling was exploited to design the microfluidic chip,and the FSS distribution on the cell model with varying micro-channels(triangular,conical,and elliptical).The diffusion with the incompressible laminar flow model by solving the time-dependent diffusion–convection equation was applied to simulate the gradient profiles of concentration in the micro-channels.For the study of single cell in-depth,the FSS was investigated by the usage of polystyrene particles and the concentration diffusion distribution was studied by the usage of different colors of dyes.A successful agreement between model simulations and experimental data was obtained.Finally,based on the established method,the communication between individual cells was envisaged and modeled.The developed method provides valuable insights and allows to continuously improve the design of microfluidic devices for the study of single cell,the occurrence and development of tumors,and therapeutic applications.
