Night lighting has been shown to affect wild animals.To date,the effects of night lighting on the metabolic homeostasis of birds that spend short time in urban environments remain unclear.Using model bird species Zebr...Night lighting has been shown to affect wild animals.To date,the effects of night lighting on the metabolic homeostasis of birds that spend short time in urban environments remain unclear.Using model bird species Zebra Finch(Taeniopygia guttata),we investigated the effects of short-term night lighting on liver transcriptome,blood glucose,triglyceride,and thyroxine(T4 and T3)levels in birds exposed to two different night lighting duration periods(three days and six days).After three days of night lighting exposure,the expression of genes involved in fat synthesis in the liver was upregulated while the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and triglyceride decomposition was downregulated.There was also a reduction in blood triglyceride,glucose,and T3 concentrations.However,after six days of night lighting,the expression of genes associated with fatty acid decomposition and hyperglycemia in the liver was upregulated,while the expression of genes involved in fat synthesis was downregulated.Simultaneously,blood glucose levels and T3 concentration increased.These findings indicate that short-term exposure to night lighting can disrupt the lipid and glucose metabolism of small passerine birds,and longer stopovers in urban area with intense night lighting may cause birds to consume more lipid energy.展开更多
The egg yolks of birds contain most of the maternally derived materials required for embryo development and are an important factor influencing embryo development and offspring viability.Individual variation in egg-la...The egg yolks of birds contain most of the maternally derived materials required for embryo development and are an important factor influencing embryo development and offspring viability.Individual variation in egg-laying date frequently occurs in passerines inhabiting highly seasonal environments.Females laying in early and late stages of the breeding season encounter different environment temperatures and food conditions,which can affect the levels of metabolities in their bodies,thereby altering the transmission of these materials to the eggs.We test a hypothesis that yolk small molecule compounds of Asian Short-toed Lark(Alaudala cheleensis)could vary between early(mid-May)and late(mid-June)broods.Using the UHPLC-MS/MS method,683 compounds belonging to 21 compound groups are detected in the yolks.The contents of 18 compounds are significantly different between early and late broods.Ten differential compounds are significantly higher in the early laid eggs,among whichγ-aminobutyric acid,creatine,prostaglandins,palmitoleic acid,linoleic acid,and trans linoleic acid are related to low environment temperature response.The eggs laid in late stage exhibit significantly higher levels of 5-L-glutamyl-L-alanine andγ-glutamate-leucine,1,3-dimethyluric acid and mannose,which may be attributed to females in the late group consuming more insects.We suggest conducting a comprehensive investigation to reveal the yolk small molecule compounds mediated maternal effects on offspring phenotypes under varying ecological conditions.展开更多
Background:Inflammation is often linked with the progress and poor outcome of lung cancer.The understanding of the relationship between tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) and lung cancer cells involves in the underlyi...Background:Inflammation is often linked with the progress and poor outcome of lung cancer.The understanding of the relationship between tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) and lung cancer cells involves in the underlying mechanism of inflammatory cytokine production.Toll-like receptors(TLRs) are engaged in promoting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and play an important role in tumor immunology.Methods:To investigate the mechanisms by which TAMs influence the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lung cancer cells,we established an in vitro coculture system using TAMs and human nonsmall cell lung cancer(NSCLC) cell line SPC-A1.Levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 and IL-8 in SPC-A1 were evaluated by RT-PCR and cytometric bead array assay after being cocultured with TAMs.Expression changes of TLRs and TLRs signaling pathway proteins in SPC-A1 were further confirmed by RT-PCR and western blot.The level changes of IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-8 in SPC-A1 were also detected after the stimulation of TLRs agonists.Results:We found that the phenotype markers of TAMs were highly expressed after stimulating human monocyte cell line THP-1 by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate(PMA).Higher mRNA and supernate secretion levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-8 were detected in SPC-A1 after being cocultured with TAMs.We also found that TLR1,TLR6 and TLR7 were up-regulated in SPC-A1 in the coculture system with TAMs.Meanwhile,TLRs signaling pathway proteins were also significantly activated.Moreover,pre-treatment with agonist ligands for TLR1,TLR6 and TLR7 could dramatically promote inductions of IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-8.Conclusions:These findings demonstrated that TAMs may enhance IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-8 expressions via TLRs signaling pathway.We conclude that TAMs contribute to maintain the inflammation microenvironment and ultimately promote the development and progression of lung cancer.展开更多
目的:探讨乳腺原发性腺样囊性癌(adenoid cystic carcinoma,ACC)的影像学表现特征,提高对该病的认识和诊断准确性。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年9月天津医科大学肿瘤医院31例经病理证实的乳腺原发性ACC患者的临床资料,根据乳腺影...目的:探讨乳腺原发性腺样囊性癌(adenoid cystic carcinoma,ACC)的影像学表现特征,提高对该病的认识和诊断准确性。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年9月天津医科大学肿瘤医院31例经病理证实的乳腺原发性ACC患者的临床资料,根据乳腺影像报告与数据系统(breast imaging reporting and data system,BI-RADS)标准分析其X线和超声表现,并与病理进行对照。结果:31例乳腺原发性ACC患者的乳腺X线表现为肿物25例和局限不对称致密6例,所有病变均无钙化。25例患者中高或稍高密度肿物16例、等密度肿物7例和混杂密度肿物2例。31例患者的乳腺超声检查表现为肿物25例和非肿块样病变6例。25例患者中22例为低回声肿物和3例为混合回声肿物;6例非肿块样病变患者包括低回声区和偏高回声为主的混合回声区各3例,均无沿导管走行方向分布的趋势。结论:乳腺原发性ACC的影像学表现无特异性,但乳腺X线表现形态不规则且边缘模糊的高密度肿物内含稍低密度或脂肪样密度区域,乳腺超声表现偏高回声为主且不沿导管走行方向分布的非肿块样病变等征象具有一定提示意义,最终确诊依靠病理。展开更多
Purpose:The purpose of this study was to assess the applicability of the Chinese version of Cognitive Appraisal of Health Scale(CAHS)for renal transplant recipients,and to make a preliminary evaluation of its reliabil...Purpose:The purpose of this study was to assess the applicability of the Chinese version of Cognitive Appraisal of Health Scale(CAHS)for renal transplant recipients,and to make a preliminary evaluation of its reliability and validity.Methods:A total of 147 renal transplant recipients who attended a transplant follow-up clinic in a Level 3,Grade A hospital in Beijing were asked to complete the Chinese version of CAHS.Following completion the reliability and validity of the scale were tested.Results:The Cronbach alpha coefficient of Chinese version of CAHS among subscales of threat,harm,challenge and benign-irrelevant were 0.857,0.806,0.680,0.100 respectively;and the test-retest reliability coefficient were 0.791,0.601,0.624,0.470(p<0.01).Spearman correlation was used to test the four subscales'correlation between the item score and the total score,in which threat was 0.598e0.748,challenge was 0.517e0.651,harm was 0.528 e0.735 and benign-irrelevant was 0.507e0.651.These correlations were all statistically significant.The four common factors were extracted using factor analysis.The four factors accounted for 50.356%of the total variance.The SF-36 Physical Component Summary(PCS)and Mental Component Summary(MCS)scores were correlated with each subscale score in CAHS.Threat was weakly correlated to PCS,and was moderately correlated to MCS;harm was moderately correlated to both PCS and MCS;challenge was weakly correlated to both PCS and MCS and benign-irrelevant did not correlate with neither PCS nor MCS.The Chinese version of CAHS has been shown to have good discriminate and convergent validity.Conclusion:The Chinese version of the CAHS was supported to be applicable and to provide measurable performance in renal transplant recipients,thus it can be utilized with renal transplant recipients in China.展开更多
Background:Physiological preparation for reproduction in small passerines involves the increased secretion of reproductive hormones, elevation of the metabolic rate and energy storage, all of which are essential for r...Background:Physiological preparation for reproduction in small passerines involves the increased secretion of reproductive hormones, elevation of the metabolic rate and energy storage, all of which are essential for reproduction. However, it is unclear whether the timing of the physiological processes involved is the same in resident and migrant species that breed in the same area. To answer this question, we compared temporal variation in the plasma concentration of luteinizing hormone(LH), testosterone(T), estradiol(E_2), triiothyronine(T_3) and body mass, between a migrant species, the Eurasian Skylark(Alauda arvensis) and a resident species, the Asian Short-toed Lark(Calandrella cheleensis), both of which breed in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China, during the 2014 and 2015 breeding seasons.Methods:Twenty adult Eurasian Skylarks and twenty Asian Short-toed Larks were captured on March 15, 2014 and 2015 and housed in out-door aviaries. Plasma LH, T(males), E_2(females), T_3 and the body mass of each bird were measured every six days from March 25 to May 6.Results:With the exception of T, which peaked earlier in the Asian Short-toed Lark in 2014, plasma concentrations of LH, T, E_2 and T_3 of both species peaked at almost the same time. However, Asian Short-toed Larks attained peak body mass earlier than Eurasian Skylarks. Plasma T_3 concentrations peaked 12 days earlier than plasma LH in both species. Generally, plasma LH, T, E_2, T_3 and body mass, peaked earlier in both species in 2014 than 2015.Conclusions:The timing of pre-reproductive changes in the endocrine system and energy metabolism can be the same in migrant and resident species; however, residents may accumulate energy reserves faster than migrants. Although migration does not affect the timing of pre-breeding reproductive and metabolic changes, migrant species may need more time to increase their body mass. T levels in resident species may be accelerated by higher spring temperatures that may also advance the pre-breeding preparation of both migrants and residents.展开更多
Background: Global warming caused trophic mismatch has affected the breeding success, and even the survival, of some bird species.The ability of birds to accelerate their reproduction onset in the warmer spring could ...Background: Global warming caused trophic mismatch has affected the breeding success, and even the survival, of some bird species.The ability of birds to accelerate their reproduction onset in the warmer spring could be critical to the survival of some species.The activation of the reproductive endocrine axis in birds is a key physiological process that determines the onset of reproduction.Could birds change the HPG axis endocrine rhythm under the temperature rising condition?Methods: Using plasma LH level as an indicator of initiation of the reproductive endocrine and artificially controlling temperature, we compared variations in the timing of activation of the reproductive endocrine axis in response to temperature in two Chinese bird species, the Eurasian Skylark(Alauda arvensis) and the Great Tit(Parus major) at both the population and individual levels.Results: At the population level, temperature only significantly influenced LH level in the Eurasian Skylark, and had no significant effect on the LH levels in the Great Tit.Mean LH level of Eurasian Skylarks in the 20 ℃ group was higher than that of those in the 15 ℃ group throughout the experiment.Large individual variations in the timing of peak LH levels were observed in the high and the low temperature groups of both Eurasian Skylarks and Great Tits.Conclusions: These results indicate that the effects of temperature differ among species.Meanwhile, there appears to be a degree of within population polymorphism in the timing of reproductive endocrine axis activation in some species.This polymorphism could provide the variation required for bird populations to cope with the possible change of their food peak under the climate warming condition.展开更多
Background:In high latitude grassland habitats,altricial nestlings hatching in open-cup nests early in the breeding season must cope with cold temperature challenges.Thyroid hormones(triiodothyronine,T_(3)and thyroxin...Background:In high latitude grassland habitats,altricial nestlings hatching in open-cup nests early in the breeding season must cope with cold temperature challenges.Thyroid hormones(triiodothyronine,T_(3)and thyroxine,T_(4))and corticosterone play a crucial role in avian thermoregulation response to cold.Investigating the endocrine response of altricial nestlings to temperature variation is important for understanding the adaptive mechanisms of individual variation in the timing of breeding in birds.Methods:We compared nest temperature,ambient temperature,body temperature,plasma T_(3),T_(4)and corticosterone levels in Asian Short-toed Lark(Alaudala cheleensis)nestlings hatching in the early-,middle-,and late-stages of the breeding season in Hulunbuir grassland,northeast China.Results:Mean nest temperature in the early-,middle-and late-stage groups was-1.85,3.81 and 10.23℃,respectively,for the 3-day-old nestlings,and 6.83,10.41 and 11.81℃,respectively,for the 6-day-old nestlings.The nest temperature significantly correlated with body temperature,plasma T_(3),T_(4)and corticosterone concentrations of nestlings.Body temperature of 3-day-old nestlings in the early and middle groups was significantly lower than that of the late group,but there was no significant difference between the nestlings in the early and middle groups.The T_(4)and T_(3)concentrations and the ratio of T_(3)/T_(4)of both 3-and 6-day-old nestlings in the early-stage group were significantly higher compared to the middle and late groups.The corticosterone levels of 3-day-old nestlings were significantly higher in the early-stage group compared to the middle-and late-stage groups.Conclusion:Nestlings hatching early responded to cold temperature by increasing thyroid hormones and corticosterone levels even in the early days of post hatching development when the endothermy has not been established.These hormones may play a physiological role in neonatal nestlings coping with cold temperature challenges.展开更多
The development of the solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) can effectively address the hidden safety issues of commercially used liquid electrolytes.Nevertheless,the unsatisfactory room...The development of the solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) can effectively address the hidden safety issues of commercially used liquid electrolytes.Nevertheless,the unsatisfactory room temperature ion conductivity and inferior mechanical strength for linear PEO-based SPEs are still the immense obstacles impeding the further applications of SPEs for large-scale commercialization.Herein,we fabricate a series of semi-interpenetrating-network (semi-IPN) polymer electrolytes based on a novel liquid crystal (C6M LC) and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) via UV-irradiation at the first time.The LCs not only highly improve the mechanical properties of electrolyte membranes via the construction of network structure with PEGDE,but also create stable ion transport channels for ion conduction.As a result,a free-standing flexible SPE shows outstanding ionic conductivity(5.93×10^(-5) S cm^(-1) at 30℃),a very wide electrochemical stability window of 5.5 V,and excellent thermal stability at thermal decomposition temperatures above 360℃ as well as the capacity of suppressing lithium dendrite growth.Moreover,the LiFePO_(4)/Li battery assembled with the semi-IPN electrolyte membranes exhibits good cycle performance and admirable reversible specific capacity.This work highlights the obvious advantages of LCs applied to the electrolyte for the advanced solid lithium battery.展开更多
Objective:To explore the perspectives and beliefs of college students toward posthumous organ donation,and the factors influencing their beliefs.Methods:This was a descriptive phenomenology study conducted with semi-s...Objective:To explore the perspectives and beliefs of college students toward posthumous organ donation,and the factors influencing their beliefs.Methods:This was a descriptive phenomenology study conducted with semi-structured indepth interviews.Nine college students attending three universities in Beijing who agreed to participate in this study were interviewed.Data were analyzed following the guideline suggested by Colaizzi(1978).Briefly,statements identified as noteworthy were coded and organized.A description was then written to formalize their meaning and returned to the participants for validation of the description.Results:In general,the participants exhibited positive attitudes toward posthumous organ donation.However,not all subjects indicated that they would become an organ donor.Based on the provided responses,four main themes emerged:(1)knowledge about organ donation,participants reported a general lack of education or understanding of organ transplantation and donation;(2)core beliefs on organ donation,despite believing it is valuable public service,participants were unwilling to go against the cultural beliefs held by parents and elders;(3)factors influencing beliefs on organ donation,including cultural and peer opinion,posthumous care of the body,legal registration,and publicity;(4)institutional and policy context,lack of guarantee for proper use of organs after donation was a concern.Conclusion:Despite positive attitudes towards posthumous organ donation,college students are hesitant to become donors because of lack of knowledge/publicity;cultural disdain;and lack of governmental assurance.展开更多
Background:Timing of breeding season of temperate passerines has been considered to be adjusted to their food availability.There is little work to reveal the cell stress responses of the nestlings hatched asynchronize...Background:Timing of breeding season of temperate passerines has been considered to be adjusted to their food availability.There is little work to reveal the cell stress responses of the nestlings hatched asynchronized with the food abundance peak,which is important for understanding the physiological link between the timing of breeding and the fitness of offspring.Methods:Using gene expression level of blood HSP70 and HSP90 as indicators,we compared the cell stress response of Asian Short-toed Lark(Calandrella cheleensis)nestlings hatched under conditions of low,mid or high food(grasshopper nymph)availability in 2017.Results:Nymph biomass,sample time and interaction of these two factors significantly influenced the blood gene expression level of HSP70 and HSP90 of Asian Short-toed Lark nestlings.HSP70 and HSP90 gene expression levels of the nestlings at 14:00 were significantly higher than those at 5:00.At either 5:00 or 14:00,the gene expression levels of HSP70 and HSP90 increase with the decrease of nymph biomass.Conclusions:These results indicate that food availability is an important environment factor inducing cellular stress of Asian Short-toed Lark nestlings.The interactive effect of the nymph abundance and sample time on the HSPs response may be related with the daily temperature variation of the grassland.Over cell stress response may be one of physiological factor mediating the effect of food availability and the nestling’s fitness.展开更多
Background:Predicting the possibility of severe effects of global warming on animals is important for understanding the ecological consequences of climate change on ecosystem.Spring is the season during which birds ha...Background:Predicting the possibility of severe effects of global warming on animals is important for understanding the ecological consequences of climate change on ecosystem.Spring is the season during which birds have to physiologically prepare for the subsequent breeding period,and unusual spring temperature rising probably becomes a heat stress to the birds which have adapted to the low spring temperature.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the physiological effect of spring warming on the temperate birds.Methods:Using the activities of blood anti-oxidative enzymes(SOD,CAT,GPx)and the concentrations of serum immunogloblins(IgA,IgY,IgM)as indicators,we compared the anti-oxidative and immune functions of Asian Shorttoed Larks(Calandrella cheleensis)captured between 10 and 15 March,2015 and housed under conditions of 21°C and 16°C.Results:The SOD activities of birds in 21°C group were significantly lower than those in 16°C group on all the treatment days.The CAT activities of the birds in 21°C group were significantly lower than those in 16°C group on the 1 st,5 th,13 th,17 treatment days.The GPx activities of the birds in 21°C group were signifthicantly lower than those in 16°C group on the 1 st,13 th and 17 th,but significantly higher on the 21 st treatment day.The IgA,IgY and IgM concentrations of birds in 21°C group were significantly lower than those in 16°C group on all the treatment days.Conclusions:This study shows that spring temperature rising negatively influences antioxibative and humoral immune functions,which indicates that spring climate warming might reduce the fitness of the temperate passerine birds which have adapted to the low spring temperature.展开更多
Based on the antitumor activity of chalcone derivatives and their structure, the structure-activity relationship of chalcone derivatives was analyzed by CoMFA (comparative molecular field analysis) method and then the...Based on the antitumor activity of chalcone derivatives and their structure, the structure-activity relationship of chalcone derivatives was analyzed by CoMFA (comparative molecular field analysis) method and then the 3D-QSAR (the three dimensional quantitative structures activity relationship) model was established. The analytical results showed that the model had good stability and prediction ability with cross-validated Q2 and non-cross-validated R2 values of 0.527 and 0.995, respectively. The contour map of the model explained the relationship between the structure of chalcone derivatives and antitumor activity, and could be analyzed to design antitumor chalcone derivatives. We designed some structure of chalcone derivatives and calculated their antitumor activity. In this paper, 24 chalcone derivatives were studied by CoMFA, 3D-QSAR, molecular design, which provided theoretical for designing good activities chalcone derivatives.展开更多
This paper for the purpose of utilization, conducted a study of technological process of producing animal feed by fermenting seaweed waste. Anaerobic fermentation, which can improve the contents of protein and polysac...This paper for the purpose of utilization, conducted a study of technological process of producing animal feed by fermenting seaweed waste. Anaerobic fermentation, which can improve the contents of protein and polysaccharide in seaweed waste, proved to be an available method to improve the nutritional value of animal feed by using seaweed waste. Also effects of different additives and fermentation time on the fermentation products was compared, combined CCRD with neural network to optimize these factors, the predict model among all factors was established, also obtained the optimal fermentation process.展开更多
Cervids are affected by a neurologic disease that is always fatal to individuals and has population effects. This disease iscalled chronic wasting disease (CWD) and is caused by a misfolded prion protein. The disease ...Cervids are affected by a neurologic disease that is always fatal to individuals and has population effects. This disease iscalled chronic wasting disease (CWD) and is caused by a misfolded prion protein. The disease is transmitted viacontact with contaminated body fluids and tissue or exposure to the environment, such as drinking water or food.Current CWD diagnosis depends on ELISA screening of cervid lymph nodes and subsequent immunohistochemistry(IHC) confirmation of ELISA-positive results. The disease has proven to be difficult to control in part because ofsensitivity and specificity issues with the current test regimen. We have investigated an accurate, rapid, and low-costmicrofluidic microelectromechanical system (MEMS) biosensing device for the detection of CWD pathologic prions inretropharyngeal lymph nodes (RLNs), which is the current standard type of CWD diagnostic sample. The deviceconsists of three novel regions for concentrating, trapping, and detecting the prion. The detection region includes anarray of electrodes coated with a monoclonal antibody against pathologic prions. The experimental conditions wereoptimized using an engineered prion control antigen. Testing could be completed in less than 1 hour with highsensitivity and selectivity. The biosensor detected the engineered prion antigen at a 1:24 dilution, while ELISA detectedthe same antigen at a 1:8 dilution. The relative limit of detection (rLOD) of the biosensor was a 1:1000 dilution of aknown strong positive RLN sample, whereas ELISA showed a rLOD of 1:100 dilution. Thus, the biosensor was 10 timesmore sensitive than ELISA, which is the currently approved CWD diagnostic test. The biosensor’s specificity andselectivity were confirmed using known negative RPLN samples, a negative control antibody (monoclonal antibodyagainst bovine coronavirus BCV), and two negative control antigens (bluetongue virus and Epizootic hemorrhagicdisease virus). The biosensor’s ability to detect pathogenic prions was verified by testing proteinase-digested positiveRLN samples.展开更多
The strict control measures and social lockdowns initiated to combat COVID-19 epidemic have had a notable impact on air pollutant concentrations.According to observation data obtained from the China National Environme...The strict control measures and social lockdowns initiated to combat COVID-19 epidemic have had a notable impact on air pollutant concentrations.According to observation data obtained from the China National Environmental Monitoring Center,compared to levels in 2019,the average concentration of NO_(2) in early 2020 during COVID-19 epidemic has decreased by 53%,50%,and 30%in Wuhan city,Hubei Province(Wuhan excluded),and China(Hubei excluded),respectively.Simultaneously,PM_(2.5) concentration has decreased by 35%,29%,and 19%in Wuhan,Hubei(Wuhan excluded),and China(Hubei excluded),respectively.Less significant declines have also been found for SO_(2) and CO concentrations.We also analyzed the temporal variation and spatial distribution of air pollutant concentrations in China during COVID-19 epidemic.The decreases in PM_(2.5) and NO_(2) concentrations showed relatively consistent temporal variation and spatial distribution.These results support control of NO x to further reduce PM_(2.5) pollution in China.The concurrent decrease in NOx and PM_(2.5) concentrations resulted in an increase of O3 concentrations across China during COVID-19 epidemic,indicating that coordinated control of other pollutants is needed.展开更多
Regulatory T(Treg)cells comprise diverse subsets of immunosuppressive cells that play a pivotal role in regulating immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity.In cancers,Treg cells can suppress antitumor immune res...Regulatory T(Treg)cells comprise diverse subsets of immunosuppressive cells that play a pivotal role in regulating immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity.In cancers,Treg cells can suppress antitumor immune responses and support the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor micro-environment,thus promoting immune evasion and cancer progression.1 Treg cells are increased or activated in the tumor microenvironment,which is associated with a poor clinical outcome.2 Although CD4^(+) Treg cells have been extensively studied,the lack of universal markers to distinguish CD8^(+) Treg cells from conventional CD8^(+)T cells means that the function of CD8^(+) Treg cells in cancer has not been fully characterized.Now,an increasing body of research has revealed that CD8^(+)Treg cells(CD8^(+)CD25^(+)Foxp3^(+),CD25^(+)CD122^(+)Foxp3^(+) and CD8^(+)CD28−)3–5 accumulate in the tumor microenvironment and suppress antitumor immunity(Fig.1).However,the influence of CD8^(+) Treg cells on tumor progression in ovarian cancer(OC)is less clear.Moreover,there are a limited number of studies describing the molecular signatures involved in the induction of CD8^(+) Treg cells.展开更多
Leopoldamys edwardsi is a species with wide distribution ranges in southern China but is not discussed in studies on geographic variation and species differentiation.We used 2 mitochondrial(Cytb,CO1)and 3 nuclea...Leopoldamys edwardsi is a species with wide distribution ranges in southern China but is not discussed in studies on geographic variation and species differentiation.We used 2 mitochondrial(Cytb,CO1)and 3 nuclear(GHR,IRBP and RAG1)genes to clarify species phylogeography and geographical differentiation.Maximum likelihood(ML)and Bayesian phylogenetic inference(BI)trees consistently indicated that L.edwardsi is a species complex containing 3 main lineages with high Kimura-2-parameter(K2P)divergences(i.e.lineages LN,LS and LHN)found in the northern and southern China and Hainan Island,respectively.The 3 species delimitation methods,automated barcoding gap discovery,Bayesian poisson tree process analysis and Bayesian phylogenetics and phylogeography,consistently supported the existence of cryptic species.Divergence times among the main lineages were inferred to be during the Pleistocene,with LHN/LS split at 1.33 Ma and LN/(LHN+LS)at 2.61 Ma;the diversifications of L.edwardsi complex might be caused by the rapid uplifts of Tibetan Plateau,paleoclimate change and complex topography.The divergence between LHN and LS was probably related to the separation of Hainan Island from the mainland via the formation of the Qiongzhou Strait.Lineages LN and(LS+LHN)likely diverged due to the Wuyi-Nanling mountain range forming a dispersal barrier.Our results suggested that L.edwardsi complex contains at least 3 distinct species:LHN represents L.hainanensis,endemic to Hainan Island and previously considered as a subspecies L.e.hainanensis;LS represents a cryptic species distributed throughout the southern Chinese continent;and LN represents the nominotypical species L.edwardsi.展开更多
Summary What is already known on this topic?The global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is serious.Pneumococcal infection is associated with acute exacerbations of COPD(AECOPD).The 23-valent pneumo...Summary What is already known on this topic?The global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is serious.Pneumococcal infection is associated with acute exacerbations of COPD(AECOPD).The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine(PPSV23)is recommended for COPD patients to decrease AECOPD due to pneumococcus,but evidence on the immunogenicity of PPSV23 in COPD patients is limited.What is added by this report?展开更多
Elemental doping confined in atomically-thin 2 D semiconductors offers a compelling strategy for constructing high performance photocatalysts.Although impressive progress has been achieved based on co-thermolysis meth...Elemental doping confined in atomically-thin 2 D semiconductors offers a compelling strategy for constructing high performance photocatalysts.Although impressive progress has been achieved based on co-thermolysis method,the choices of dopants as well as semiconductor hosts are still quite limited to yield the elaborate photocatalyst with atomic-layer-confined doping defects,owing to the difficulty in balancing the reaction kinetics of different precursors.This study shows that the cation exchange reaction,which is dictated by the Pearson's hard and soft acids and bases(HSAB)theory and allowed to proceed at mild temperatures,can be developed into a conceptually new protocol for engineering elemental doping confined in semiconductor atomic layers.To this aim,the two atomic layers of a new type of 2 D photocatalyst PdSe0_(3)(PdSe0_(3)2 ALs,1.1 nm)are created by liquid exfoliation and exploited as a proof-of-concept prototype.It is demonstrated that the Mn(Ⅱ)dopants with controlled concentrations can be incorporated into PdSeO_(3)2 ALs via topological Mn^(2+) for-Pd^(2+) cation exchange performed in water/isopropanol solution at 30℃.The resulting Mn-doped PdSeO_(3)2 ALs present enhanced capacity for driving photocatalytic oxidation reactions in comparison with their undoped counterparts.The findings here suggest that the new route mediated by post synthetic cation exchange promises to give access to manifold 2 D confined-doping photocatalysts,with little perturbations on the thickness,morphology,and crystal structure of the atomically-thin semiconductor hosts.展开更多
基金supported by grants from Key laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Area,National Ethnic Affairs Commission(KLEEMA202207)the Graduate Research and Practice Projects of Minzu University of China(BZKY2022042).
文摘Night lighting has been shown to affect wild animals.To date,the effects of night lighting on the metabolic homeostasis of birds that spend short time in urban environments remain unclear.Using model bird species Zebra Finch(Taeniopygia guttata),we investigated the effects of short-term night lighting on liver transcriptome,blood glucose,triglyceride,and thyroxine(T4 and T3)levels in birds exposed to two different night lighting duration periods(three days and six days).After three days of night lighting exposure,the expression of genes involved in fat synthesis in the liver was upregulated while the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and triglyceride decomposition was downregulated.There was also a reduction in blood triglyceride,glucose,and T3 concentrations.However,after six days of night lighting,the expression of genes associated with fatty acid decomposition and hyperglycemia in the liver was upregulated,while the expression of genes involved in fat synthesis was downregulated.Simultaneously,blood glucose levels and T3 concentration increased.These findings indicate that short-term exposure to night lighting can disrupt the lipid and glucose metabolism of small passerine birds,and longer stopovers in urban area with intense night lighting may cause birds to consume more lipid energy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32071515 to SZ)Graduate Research and Practice Projects of Minzu University of China(BZKY2022042).
文摘The egg yolks of birds contain most of the maternally derived materials required for embryo development and are an important factor influencing embryo development and offspring viability.Individual variation in egg-laying date frequently occurs in passerines inhabiting highly seasonal environments.Females laying in early and late stages of the breeding season encounter different environment temperatures and food conditions,which can affect the levels of metabolities in their bodies,thereby altering the transmission of these materials to the eggs.We test a hypothesis that yolk small molecule compounds of Asian Short-toed Lark(Alaudala cheleensis)could vary between early(mid-May)and late(mid-June)broods.Using the UHPLC-MS/MS method,683 compounds belonging to 21 compound groups are detected in the yolks.The contents of 18 compounds are significantly different between early and late broods.Ten differential compounds are significantly higher in the early laid eggs,among whichγ-aminobutyric acid,creatine,prostaglandins,palmitoleic acid,linoleic acid,and trans linoleic acid are related to low environment temperature response.The eggs laid in late stage exhibit significantly higher levels of 5-L-glutamyl-L-alanine andγ-glutamate-leucine,1,3-dimethyluric acid and mannose,which may be attributed to females in the late group consuming more insects.We suggest conducting a comprehensive investigation to reveal the yolk small molecule compounds mediated maternal effects on offspring phenotypes under varying ecological conditions.
基金the technical support from National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province Hospitalsupported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 81272324,81371894)+1 种基金Key Laboratory for Medicine of Jiangsu Province of China(No.XK201114)project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development ofJiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Background:Inflammation is often linked with the progress and poor outcome of lung cancer.The understanding of the relationship between tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) and lung cancer cells involves in the underlying mechanism of inflammatory cytokine production.Toll-like receptors(TLRs) are engaged in promoting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and play an important role in tumor immunology.Methods:To investigate the mechanisms by which TAMs influence the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lung cancer cells,we established an in vitro coculture system using TAMs and human nonsmall cell lung cancer(NSCLC) cell line SPC-A1.Levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 and IL-8 in SPC-A1 were evaluated by RT-PCR and cytometric bead array assay after being cocultured with TAMs.Expression changes of TLRs and TLRs signaling pathway proteins in SPC-A1 were further confirmed by RT-PCR and western blot.The level changes of IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-8 in SPC-A1 were also detected after the stimulation of TLRs agonists.Results:We found that the phenotype markers of TAMs were highly expressed after stimulating human monocyte cell line THP-1 by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate(PMA).Higher mRNA and supernate secretion levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-8 were detected in SPC-A1 after being cocultured with TAMs.We also found that TLR1,TLR6 and TLR7 were up-regulated in SPC-A1 in the coculture system with TAMs.Meanwhile,TLRs signaling pathway proteins were also significantly activated.Moreover,pre-treatment with agonist ligands for TLR1,TLR6 and TLR7 could dramatically promote inductions of IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-8.Conclusions:These findings demonstrated that TAMs may enhance IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-8 expressions via TLRs signaling pathway.We conclude that TAMs contribute to maintain the inflammation microenvironment and ultimately promote the development and progression of lung cancer.
文摘目的:探讨乳腺原发性腺样囊性癌(adenoid cystic carcinoma,ACC)的影像学表现特征,提高对该病的认识和诊断准确性。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年9月天津医科大学肿瘤医院31例经病理证实的乳腺原发性ACC患者的临床资料,根据乳腺影像报告与数据系统(breast imaging reporting and data system,BI-RADS)标准分析其X线和超声表现,并与病理进行对照。结果:31例乳腺原发性ACC患者的乳腺X线表现为肿物25例和局限不对称致密6例,所有病变均无钙化。25例患者中高或稍高密度肿物16例、等密度肿物7例和混杂密度肿物2例。31例患者的乳腺超声检查表现为肿物25例和非肿块样病变6例。25例患者中22例为低回声肿物和3例为混合回声肿物;6例非肿块样病变患者包括低回声区和偏高回声为主的混合回声区各3例,均无沿导管走行方向分布的趋势。结论:乳腺原发性ACC的影像学表现无特异性,但乳腺X线表现形态不规则且边缘模糊的高密度肿物内含稍低密度或脂肪样密度区域,乳腺超声表现偏高回声为主且不沿导管走行方向分布的非肿块样病变等征象具有一定提示意义,最终确诊依靠病理。
文摘Purpose:The purpose of this study was to assess the applicability of the Chinese version of Cognitive Appraisal of Health Scale(CAHS)for renal transplant recipients,and to make a preliminary evaluation of its reliability and validity.Methods:A total of 147 renal transplant recipients who attended a transplant follow-up clinic in a Level 3,Grade A hospital in Beijing were asked to complete the Chinese version of CAHS.Following completion the reliability and validity of the scale were tested.Results:The Cronbach alpha coefficient of Chinese version of CAHS among subscales of threat,harm,challenge and benign-irrelevant were 0.857,0.806,0.680,0.100 respectively;and the test-retest reliability coefficient were 0.791,0.601,0.624,0.470(p<0.01).Spearman correlation was used to test the four subscales'correlation between the item score and the total score,in which threat was 0.598e0.748,challenge was 0.517e0.651,harm was 0.528 e0.735 and benign-irrelevant was 0.507e0.651.These correlations were all statistically significant.The four common factors were extracted using factor analysis.The four factors accounted for 50.356%of the total variance.The SF-36 Physical Component Summary(PCS)and Mental Component Summary(MCS)scores were correlated with each subscale score in CAHS.Threat was weakly correlated to PCS,and was moderately correlated to MCS;harm was moderately correlated to both PCS and MCS;challenge was weakly correlated to both PCS and MCS and benign-irrelevant did not correlate with neither PCS nor MCS.The Chinese version of CAHS has been shown to have good discriminate and convergent validity.Conclusion:The Chinese version of the CAHS was supported to be applicable and to provide measurable performance in renal transplant recipients,thus it can be utilized with renal transplant recipients in China.
基金supported by grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 31372225)the Minzu University Research fund (ydzxxk201619, ydzxxk201618)111 Project (B08044)
文摘Background:Physiological preparation for reproduction in small passerines involves the increased secretion of reproductive hormones, elevation of the metabolic rate and energy storage, all of which are essential for reproduction. However, it is unclear whether the timing of the physiological processes involved is the same in resident and migrant species that breed in the same area. To answer this question, we compared temporal variation in the plasma concentration of luteinizing hormone(LH), testosterone(T), estradiol(E_2), triiothyronine(T_3) and body mass, between a migrant species, the Eurasian Skylark(Alauda arvensis) and a resident species, the Asian Short-toed Lark(Calandrella cheleensis), both of which breed in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China, during the 2014 and 2015 breeding seasons.Methods:Twenty adult Eurasian Skylarks and twenty Asian Short-toed Larks were captured on March 15, 2014 and 2015 and housed in out-door aviaries. Plasma LH, T(males), E_2(females), T_3 and the body mass of each bird were measured every six days from March 25 to May 6.Results:With the exception of T, which peaked earlier in the Asian Short-toed Lark in 2014, plasma concentrations of LH, T, E_2 and T_3 of both species peaked at almost the same time. However, Asian Short-toed Larks attained peak body mass earlier than Eurasian Skylarks. Plasma T_3 concentrations peaked 12 days earlier than plasma LH in both species. Generally, plasma LH, T, E_2, T_3 and body mass, peaked earlier in both species in 2014 than 2015.Conclusions:The timing of pre-reproductive changes in the endocrine system and energy metabolism can be the same in migrant and resident species; however, residents may accumulate energy reserves faster than migrants. Although migration does not affect the timing of pre-breeding reproductive and metabolic changes, migrant species may need more time to increase their body mass. T levels in resident species may be accelerated by higher spring temperatures that may also advance the pre-breeding preparation of both migrants and residents.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31372225)Fund of Minzu University of China(No.ydzxxk201619)"111" Project(2008-B0844)
文摘Background: Global warming caused trophic mismatch has affected the breeding success, and even the survival, of some bird species.The ability of birds to accelerate their reproduction onset in the warmer spring could be critical to the survival of some species.The activation of the reproductive endocrine axis in birds is a key physiological process that determines the onset of reproduction.Could birds change the HPG axis endocrine rhythm under the temperature rising condition?Methods: Using plasma LH level as an indicator of initiation of the reproductive endocrine and artificially controlling temperature, we compared variations in the timing of activation of the reproductive endocrine axis in response to temperature in two Chinese bird species, the Eurasian Skylark(Alauda arvensis) and the Great Tit(Parus major) at both the population and individual levels.Results: At the population level, temperature only significantly influenced LH level in the Eurasian Skylark, and had no significant effect on the LH levels in the Great Tit.Mean LH level of Eurasian Skylarks in the 20 ℃ group was higher than that of those in the 15 ℃ group throughout the experiment.Large individual variations in the timing of peak LH levels were observed in the high and the low temperature groups of both Eurasian Skylarks and Great Tits.Conclusions: These results indicate that the effects of temperature differ among species.Meanwhile, there appears to be a degree of within population polymorphism in the timing of reproductive endocrine axis activation in some species.This polymorphism could provide the variation required for bird populations to cope with the possible change of their food peak under the climate warming condition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32071515)。
文摘Background:In high latitude grassland habitats,altricial nestlings hatching in open-cup nests early in the breeding season must cope with cold temperature challenges.Thyroid hormones(triiodothyronine,T_(3)and thyroxine,T_(4))and corticosterone play a crucial role in avian thermoregulation response to cold.Investigating the endocrine response of altricial nestlings to temperature variation is important for understanding the adaptive mechanisms of individual variation in the timing of breeding in birds.Methods:We compared nest temperature,ambient temperature,body temperature,plasma T_(3),T_(4)and corticosterone levels in Asian Short-toed Lark(Alaudala cheleensis)nestlings hatching in the early-,middle-,and late-stages of the breeding season in Hulunbuir grassland,northeast China.Results:Mean nest temperature in the early-,middle-and late-stage groups was-1.85,3.81 and 10.23℃,respectively,for the 3-day-old nestlings,and 6.83,10.41 and 11.81℃,respectively,for the 6-day-old nestlings.The nest temperature significantly correlated with body temperature,plasma T_(3),T_(4)and corticosterone concentrations of nestlings.Body temperature of 3-day-old nestlings in the early and middle groups was significantly lower than that of the late group,but there was no significant difference between the nestlings in the early and middle groups.The T_(4)and T_(3)concentrations and the ratio of T_(3)/T_(4)of both 3-and 6-day-old nestlings in the early-stage group were significantly higher compared to the middle and late groups.The corticosterone levels of 3-day-old nestlings were significantly higher in the early-stage group compared to the middle-and late-stage groups.Conclusion:Nestlings hatching early responded to cold temperature by increasing thyroid hormones and corticosterone levels even in the early days of post hatching development when the endothermy has not been established.These hormones may play a physiological role in neonatal nestlings coping with cold temperature challenges.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52073285 and No.11975238)。
文摘The development of the solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) can effectively address the hidden safety issues of commercially used liquid electrolytes.Nevertheless,the unsatisfactory room temperature ion conductivity and inferior mechanical strength for linear PEO-based SPEs are still the immense obstacles impeding the further applications of SPEs for large-scale commercialization.Herein,we fabricate a series of semi-interpenetrating-network (semi-IPN) polymer electrolytes based on a novel liquid crystal (C6M LC) and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) via UV-irradiation at the first time.The LCs not only highly improve the mechanical properties of electrolyte membranes via the construction of network structure with PEGDE,but also create stable ion transport channels for ion conduction.As a result,a free-standing flexible SPE shows outstanding ionic conductivity(5.93×10^(-5) S cm^(-1) at 30℃),a very wide electrochemical stability window of 5.5 V,and excellent thermal stability at thermal decomposition temperatures above 360℃ as well as the capacity of suppressing lithium dendrite growth.Moreover,the LiFePO_(4)/Li battery assembled with the semi-IPN electrolyte membranes exhibits good cycle performance and admirable reversible specific capacity.This work highlights the obvious advantages of LCs applied to the electrolyte for the advanced solid lithium battery.
基金This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number:81171860.
文摘Objective:To explore the perspectives and beliefs of college students toward posthumous organ donation,and the factors influencing their beliefs.Methods:This was a descriptive phenomenology study conducted with semi-structured indepth interviews.Nine college students attending three universities in Beijing who agreed to participate in this study were interviewed.Data were analyzed following the guideline suggested by Colaizzi(1978).Briefly,statements identified as noteworthy were coded and organized.A description was then written to formalize their meaning and returned to the participants for validation of the description.Results:In general,the participants exhibited positive attitudes toward posthumous organ donation.However,not all subjects indicated that they would become an organ donor.Based on the provided responses,four main themes emerged:(1)knowledge about organ donation,participants reported a general lack of education or understanding of organ transplantation and donation;(2)core beliefs on organ donation,despite believing it is valuable public service,participants were unwilling to go against the cultural beliefs held by parents and elders;(3)factors influencing beliefs on organ donation,including cultural and peer opinion,posthumous care of the body,legal registration,and publicity;(4)institutional and policy context,lack of guarantee for proper use of organs after donation was a concern.Conclusion:Despite positive attitudes towards posthumous organ donation,college students are hesitant to become donors because of lack of knowledge/publicity;cultural disdain;and lack of governmental assurance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31872246)
文摘Background:Timing of breeding season of temperate passerines has been considered to be adjusted to their food availability.There is little work to reveal the cell stress responses of the nestlings hatched asynchronized with the food abundance peak,which is important for understanding the physiological link between the timing of breeding and the fitness of offspring.Methods:Using gene expression level of blood HSP70 and HSP90 as indicators,we compared the cell stress response of Asian Short-toed Lark(Calandrella cheleensis)nestlings hatched under conditions of low,mid or high food(grasshopper nymph)availability in 2017.Results:Nymph biomass,sample time and interaction of these two factors significantly influenced the blood gene expression level of HSP70 and HSP90 of Asian Short-toed Lark nestlings.HSP70 and HSP90 gene expression levels of the nestlings at 14:00 were significantly higher than those at 5:00.At either 5:00 or 14:00,the gene expression levels of HSP70 and HSP90 increase with the decrease of nymph biomass.Conclusions:These results indicate that food availability is an important environment factor inducing cellular stress of Asian Short-toed Lark nestlings.The interactive effect of the nymph abundance and sample time on the HSPs response may be related with the daily temperature variation of the grassland.Over cell stress response may be one of physiological factor mediating the effect of food availability and the nestling’s fitness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31872246)。
文摘Background:Predicting the possibility of severe effects of global warming on animals is important for understanding the ecological consequences of climate change on ecosystem.Spring is the season during which birds have to physiologically prepare for the subsequent breeding period,and unusual spring temperature rising probably becomes a heat stress to the birds which have adapted to the low spring temperature.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the physiological effect of spring warming on the temperate birds.Methods:Using the activities of blood anti-oxidative enzymes(SOD,CAT,GPx)and the concentrations of serum immunogloblins(IgA,IgY,IgM)as indicators,we compared the anti-oxidative and immune functions of Asian Shorttoed Larks(Calandrella cheleensis)captured between 10 and 15 March,2015 and housed under conditions of 21°C and 16°C.Results:The SOD activities of birds in 21°C group were significantly lower than those in 16°C group on all the treatment days.The CAT activities of the birds in 21°C group were significantly lower than those in 16°C group on the 1 st,5 th,13 th,17 treatment days.The GPx activities of the birds in 21°C group were signifthicantly lower than those in 16°C group on the 1 st,13 th and 17 th,but significantly higher on the 21 st treatment day.The IgA,IgY and IgM concentrations of birds in 21°C group were significantly lower than those in 16°C group on all the treatment days.Conclusions:This study shows that spring temperature rising negatively influences antioxibative and humoral immune functions,which indicates that spring climate warming might reduce the fitness of the temperate passerine birds which have adapted to the low spring temperature.
文摘Based on the antitumor activity of chalcone derivatives and their structure, the structure-activity relationship of chalcone derivatives was analyzed by CoMFA (comparative molecular field analysis) method and then the 3D-QSAR (the three dimensional quantitative structures activity relationship) model was established. The analytical results showed that the model had good stability and prediction ability with cross-validated Q2 and non-cross-validated R2 values of 0.527 and 0.995, respectively. The contour map of the model explained the relationship between the structure of chalcone derivatives and antitumor activity, and could be analyzed to design antitumor chalcone derivatives. We designed some structure of chalcone derivatives and calculated their antitumor activity. In this paper, 24 chalcone derivatives were studied by CoMFA, 3D-QSAR, molecular design, which provided theoretical for designing good activities chalcone derivatives.
文摘This paper for the purpose of utilization, conducted a study of technological process of producing animal feed by fermenting seaweed waste. Anaerobic fermentation, which can improve the contents of protein and polysaccharide in seaweed waste, proved to be an available method to improve the nutritional value of animal feed by using seaweed waste. Also effects of different additives and fermentation time on the fermentation products was compared, combined CCRD with neural network to optimize these factors, the predict model among all factors was established, also obtained the optimal fermentation process.
基金This project was funded by the Missouri Department of Conservation.We acknowledge Dr.Sherri Russell for her technical assistance in this project.
文摘Cervids are affected by a neurologic disease that is always fatal to individuals and has population effects. This disease iscalled chronic wasting disease (CWD) and is caused by a misfolded prion protein. The disease is transmitted viacontact with contaminated body fluids and tissue or exposure to the environment, such as drinking water or food.Current CWD diagnosis depends on ELISA screening of cervid lymph nodes and subsequent immunohistochemistry(IHC) confirmation of ELISA-positive results. The disease has proven to be difficult to control in part because ofsensitivity and specificity issues with the current test regimen. We have investigated an accurate, rapid, and low-costmicrofluidic microelectromechanical system (MEMS) biosensing device for the detection of CWD pathologic prions inretropharyngeal lymph nodes (RLNs), which is the current standard type of CWD diagnostic sample. The deviceconsists of three novel regions for concentrating, trapping, and detecting the prion. The detection region includes anarray of electrodes coated with a monoclonal antibody against pathologic prions. The experimental conditions wereoptimized using an engineered prion control antigen. Testing could be completed in less than 1 hour with highsensitivity and selectivity. The biosensor detected the engineered prion antigen at a 1:24 dilution, while ELISA detectedthe same antigen at a 1:8 dilution. The relative limit of detection (rLOD) of the biosensor was a 1:1000 dilution of aknown strong positive RLN sample, whereas ELISA showed a rLOD of 1:100 dilution. Thus, the biosensor was 10 timesmore sensitive than ELISA, which is the currently approved CWD diagnostic test. The biosensor’s specificity andselectivity were confirmed using known negative RPLN samples, a negative control antibody (monoclonal antibodyagainst bovine coronavirus BCV), and two negative control antigens (bluetongue virus and Epizootic hemorrhagicdisease virus). The biosensor’s ability to detect pathogenic prions was verified by testing proteinase-digested positiveRLN samples.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41877304)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC0506901)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(Nos.2018060 and 2018055)。
文摘The strict control measures and social lockdowns initiated to combat COVID-19 epidemic have had a notable impact on air pollutant concentrations.According to observation data obtained from the China National Environmental Monitoring Center,compared to levels in 2019,the average concentration of NO_(2) in early 2020 during COVID-19 epidemic has decreased by 53%,50%,and 30%in Wuhan city,Hubei Province(Wuhan excluded),and China(Hubei excluded),respectively.Simultaneously,PM_(2.5) concentration has decreased by 35%,29%,and 19%in Wuhan,Hubei(Wuhan excluded),and China(Hubei excluded),respectively.Less significant declines have also been found for SO_(2) and CO concentrations.We also analyzed the temporal variation and spatial distribution of air pollutant concentrations in China during COVID-19 epidemic.The decreases in PM_(2.5) and NO_(2) concentrations showed relatively consistent temporal variation and spatial distribution.These results support control of NO x to further reduce PM_(2.5) pollution in China.The concurrent decrease in NOx and PM_(2.5) concentrations resulted in an increase of O3 concentrations across China during COVID-19 epidemic,indicating that coordinated control of other pollutants is needed.
基金This study was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81772779)Jiangsu Province’sKey Provincial Talents Program(No.ZDRCA2016003)+1 种基金Key Laboratory for Medicine of Jiangsu Province of China(No.ZDXKB2016005)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Regulatory T(Treg)cells comprise diverse subsets of immunosuppressive cells that play a pivotal role in regulating immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity.In cancers,Treg cells can suppress antitumor immune responses and support the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor micro-environment,thus promoting immune evasion and cancer progression.1 Treg cells are increased or activated in the tumor microenvironment,which is associated with a poor clinical outcome.2 Although CD4^(+) Treg cells have been extensively studied,the lack of universal markers to distinguish CD8^(+) Treg cells from conventional CD8^(+)T cells means that the function of CD8^(+) Treg cells in cancer has not been fully characterized.Now,an increasing body of research has revealed that CD8^(+)Treg cells(CD8^(+)CD25^(+)Foxp3^(+),CD25^(+)CD122^(+)Foxp3^(+) and CD8^(+)CD28−)3–5 accumulate in the tumor microenvironment and suppress antitumor immunity(Fig.1).However,the influence of CD8^(+) Treg cells on tumor progression in ovarian cancer(OC)is less clear.Moreover,there are a limited number of studies describing the molecular signatures involved in the induction of CD8^(+) Treg cells.
基金the Major International(Regional)Joint Research Project of NSFC(Grant No.31110103910)the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)Core-to-Core Program B Asia-Africa Scientific Platforms,and the JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(26304009).
文摘Leopoldamys edwardsi is a species with wide distribution ranges in southern China but is not discussed in studies on geographic variation and species differentiation.We used 2 mitochondrial(Cytb,CO1)and 3 nuclear(GHR,IRBP and RAG1)genes to clarify species phylogeography and geographical differentiation.Maximum likelihood(ML)and Bayesian phylogenetic inference(BI)trees consistently indicated that L.edwardsi is a species complex containing 3 main lineages with high Kimura-2-parameter(K2P)divergences(i.e.lineages LN,LS and LHN)found in the northern and southern China and Hainan Island,respectively.The 3 species delimitation methods,automated barcoding gap discovery,Bayesian poisson tree process analysis and Bayesian phylogenetics and phylogeography,consistently supported the existence of cryptic species.Divergence times among the main lineages were inferred to be during the Pleistocene,with LHN/LS split at 1.33 Ma and LN/(LHN+LS)at 2.61 Ma;the diversifications of L.edwardsi complex might be caused by the rapid uplifts of Tibetan Plateau,paleoclimate change and complex topography.The divergence between LHN and LS was probably related to the separation of Hainan Island from the mainland via the formation of the Qiongzhou Strait.Lineages LN and(LS+LHN)likely diverged due to the Wuyi-Nanling mountain range forming a dispersal barrier.Our results suggested that L.edwardsi complex contains at least 3 distinct species:LHN represents L.hainanensis,endemic to Hainan Island and previously considered as a subspecies L.e.hainanensis;LS represents a cryptic species distributed throughout the southern Chinese continent;and LN represents the nominotypical species L.edwardsi.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1309304).
文摘Summary What is already known on this topic?The global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is serious.Pneumococcal infection is associated with acute exacerbations of COPD(AECOPD).The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine(PPSV23)is recommended for COPD patients to decrease AECOPD due to pneumococcus,but evidence on the immunogenicity of PPSV23 in COPD patients is limited.What is added by this report?
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072035,51631001,21801015,51702016,51902023,51872030)Joint R&D Plan of Hongkong+3 种基金MacaoTaiwan and Beijing(No.Z191100001619002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2017CX01003)the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars。
文摘Elemental doping confined in atomically-thin 2 D semiconductors offers a compelling strategy for constructing high performance photocatalysts.Although impressive progress has been achieved based on co-thermolysis method,the choices of dopants as well as semiconductor hosts are still quite limited to yield the elaborate photocatalyst with atomic-layer-confined doping defects,owing to the difficulty in balancing the reaction kinetics of different precursors.This study shows that the cation exchange reaction,which is dictated by the Pearson's hard and soft acids and bases(HSAB)theory and allowed to proceed at mild temperatures,can be developed into a conceptually new protocol for engineering elemental doping confined in semiconductor atomic layers.To this aim,the two atomic layers of a new type of 2 D photocatalyst PdSe0_(3)(PdSe0_(3)2 ALs,1.1 nm)are created by liquid exfoliation and exploited as a proof-of-concept prototype.It is demonstrated that the Mn(Ⅱ)dopants with controlled concentrations can be incorporated into PdSeO_(3)2 ALs via topological Mn^(2+) for-Pd^(2+) cation exchange performed in water/isopropanol solution at 30℃.The resulting Mn-doped PdSeO_(3)2 ALs present enhanced capacity for driving photocatalytic oxidation reactions in comparison with their undoped counterparts.The findings here suggest that the new route mediated by post synthetic cation exchange promises to give access to manifold 2 D confined-doping photocatalysts,with little perturbations on the thickness,morphology,and crystal structure of the atomically-thin semiconductor hosts.
