Chilling-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) is harmful to plants,which usually produce anthocyanins to scavenge ROS as protection from chilling stress.As a tropical crop,cassava is hypersensitive to ...Chilling-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) is harmful to plants,which usually produce anthocyanins to scavenge ROS as protection from chilling stress.As a tropical crop,cassava is hypersensitive to chilling,but the biochemical basis of this hypersensitivity remains unclear.We previously generated Me MYB2-RNAi transgenic cassava with increased chilling tolerance.Here we report that Me MYB2-RNAi transgenic cassava accumulated less ROS but more cyanidin-3-O-glucoside than the wild type under early chilling stress.Under this stress,the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway was more active in Me MYB2-RNAi lines than in the wild type,and several genes involved in the pathway,including Me TT8,were up-regulated by Me MYB2-RNAi in the transgenic cassava.Me MYB2 bound to the Me TT8 promoter and blocked its expression under both normal and chilling conditions,thereby inhibiting anthocyanin accumulation.Me TT8 was shown to bind to the promoter of Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase(Me DFR-2)and increased Me DFR-2 expression.Me MYB2 appears to act as an inhibitor of chilling-induced anthocyanin accumulation during the rapid response of cassava to chilling stress.展开更多
Drought stress impairs plant growth and other physiological functions. MeHDZ14, a homeodomainleucine zipper I transcription factor, is strongly induced by drought stress in various cassava cultivars.However, the role ...Drought stress impairs plant growth and other physiological functions. MeHDZ14, a homeodomainleucine zipper I transcription factor, is strongly induced by drought stress in various cassava cultivars.However, the role of MeHDZ14 in cassava growth regulation has remained unclear. Here we report that MeHDZ14 affected plant height, such that a dwarf phenotype and altered internode elongation were observed in transgenic cassava lines. MeHDZ14 was found to negatively regulate the biosynthesis of lignin. Its overexpression resulted in abaxially rolled leaves. The morphogenesis of leaf epidermal cells was inhibited by overexpression of MeHDZ14, with decreased auxin and gibberellin and increased cytokinin contents. MeHDZ14 was found to regulate many drought-responsive genes, including genes involved in cell wall synthesis and expansion. MeHDZ14 bound to the promoter of caffeic acid 3-Omethyltransferase 1(MeCOMT1), acting as a transcriptional repressor of genes involved in cell wall development. MeHDZ14 appears to act as a negative regulator of internode elongation and epidermal cell morphogenesis during cassava leaf development.展开更多
Natural gas hydrate(NGH)is generally produced and accumulated together with the underlying conventional gas.Therefore,optimizing the production technology of these two gases should be seen as a relevant way to effecti...Natural gas hydrate(NGH)is generally produced and accumulated together with the underlying conventional gas.Therefore,optimizing the production technology of these two gases should be seen as a relevant way to effectively reduce the exploitation cost of the gas hydrate.In this study,three types of models accounting for the coexistence of these gases are considered.Type A considers the upper hydrate-bearing layer(HBL)adjacent to the lower conventional gas layer(CGL);with the Type B a permeable interlayer exists between the upper HBL and the lower CGL;with the type C there is an impermeable interlayer between the upper HBL and the lower CGL.The production performances associated with the above three models are calculated under different conditions,including only a depressurized HBL(only HBL DP);only a depressurized CGL(only CGL DP);and both the HBL and the CGL being depressurized(HBL+CGL DP).The results show that for Type A and Type B coexistence accumulation models,when only HBL or CGL is depressurized,the gas from the other layer will flow into the production layer due to the pressure difference between the two layers.In the coexistence accumulation model of type C,the cumulative gas production is much lower than that of Type A and Type B,regardless of whether only HBL DP,only CGL DP,or HBL+CGL DP are considered.This indicates that the impermeable interlayer restricts the cross-flow of gas between HBL and CGL.For three different coexistence accumulation models,CGL DP has the largest gas-to-water ratio.展开更多
Cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz)is a root crop significant in food security and various bio-industrial applications such as animal feed,modified starch,and biofuels.Drought and cold stress are two major factors limit...Cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz)is a root crop significant in food security and various bio-industrial applications such as animal feed,modified starch,and biofuels.Drought and cold stress are two major factors limiting cassava production qualitatively and quantitatively,for which plants have evolved mechanisms to overcome the impact of these two stressors.In recent years,significant progress has been achieved in understanding the response mechanism of cassava plants to stress signals to tolerate the above stresses.In this review,core stress-signaling pathways,including transcription factor(TF)-related regulatory networks,plant hormone signaling,reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging,and non-coding RNA(ncRNA)and alternative splicing(AS)that modify gene expression levels in response to drought and/or cold stress in cassava,are summarized.Understanding these stress signaling and responses will increase our ability to improve the crops tolerance to multiple stresses for agricultural sustainability and food security for the growing world population.展开更多
Dear Editors,The quantitative interpretation of the particle and antiparticle correlation results depends critically on understanding the role of Coulomb interaction of the measured pairs of particles with each other,...Dear Editors,The quantitative interpretation of the particle and antiparticle correlation results depends critically on understanding the role of Coulomb interaction of the measured pairs of particles with each other,as well as the Coulomb interaction of the pair with the system of remaining particles[1-7].展开更多
基金supported by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (322RC798)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD1000501)+1 种基金the Major Science and Technology Plan of Hainan Province (ZDKJ2021012)the China Agriculture Research System (CARS11-HNCX)。
文摘Chilling-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) is harmful to plants,which usually produce anthocyanins to scavenge ROS as protection from chilling stress.As a tropical crop,cassava is hypersensitive to chilling,but the biochemical basis of this hypersensitivity remains unclear.We previously generated Me MYB2-RNAi transgenic cassava with increased chilling tolerance.Here we report that Me MYB2-RNAi transgenic cassava accumulated less ROS but more cyanidin-3-O-glucoside than the wild type under early chilling stress.Under this stress,the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway was more active in Me MYB2-RNAi lines than in the wild type,and several genes involved in the pathway,including Me TT8,were up-regulated by Me MYB2-RNAi in the transgenic cassava.Me MYB2 bound to the Me TT8 promoter and blocked its expression under both normal and chilling conditions,thereby inhibiting anthocyanin accumulation.Me TT8 was shown to bind to the promoter of Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase(Me DFR-2)and increased Me DFR-2 expression.Me MYB2 appears to act as an inhibitor of chilling-induced anthocyanin accumulation during the rapid response of cassava to chilling stress.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS11-HNCX)the Major Science and Technology Plan of Hainan Province (ZDKJ2021012)+3 种基金the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (1630052022008)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD1000501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501378)the Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab (B21HJ0303)。
文摘Drought stress impairs plant growth and other physiological functions. MeHDZ14, a homeodomainleucine zipper I transcription factor, is strongly induced by drought stress in various cassava cultivars.However, the role of MeHDZ14 in cassava growth regulation has remained unclear. Here we report that MeHDZ14 affected plant height, such that a dwarf phenotype and altered internode elongation were observed in transgenic cassava lines. MeHDZ14 was found to negatively regulate the biosynthesis of lignin. Its overexpression resulted in abaxially rolled leaves. The morphogenesis of leaf epidermal cells was inhibited by overexpression of MeHDZ14, with decreased auxin and gibberellin and increased cytokinin contents. MeHDZ14 was found to regulate many drought-responsive genes, including genes involved in cell wall synthesis and expansion. MeHDZ14 bound to the promoter of caffeic acid 3-Omethyltransferase 1(MeCOMT1), acting as a transcriptional repressor of genes involved in cell wall development. MeHDZ14 appears to act as a negative regulator of internode elongation and epidermal cell morphogenesis during cassava leaf development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52074334,51991365)the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFC2800903),which are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Natural gas hydrate(NGH)is generally produced and accumulated together with the underlying conventional gas.Therefore,optimizing the production technology of these two gases should be seen as a relevant way to effectively reduce the exploitation cost of the gas hydrate.In this study,three types of models accounting for the coexistence of these gases are considered.Type A considers the upper hydrate-bearing layer(HBL)adjacent to the lower conventional gas layer(CGL);with the Type B a permeable interlayer exists between the upper HBL and the lower CGL;with the type C there is an impermeable interlayer between the upper HBL and the lower CGL.The production performances associated with the above three models are calculated under different conditions,including only a depressurized HBL(only HBL DP);only a depressurized CGL(only CGL DP);and both the HBL and the CGL being depressurized(HBL+CGL DP).The results show that for Type A and Type B coexistence accumulation models,when only HBL or CGL is depressurized,the gas from the other layer will flow into the production layer due to the pressure difference between the two layers.In the coexistence accumulation model of type C,the cumulative gas production is much lower than that of Type A and Type B,regardless of whether only HBL DP,only CGL DP,or HBL+CGL DP are considered.This indicates that the impermeable interlayer restricts the cross-flow of gas between HBL and CGL.For three different coexistence accumulation models,CGL DP has the largest gas-to-water ratio.
基金the Central Publicinterest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(1630052021026,1630052022008)the Major Science and Technology plan of Hainan Province(ZDKJ2021012)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000500,2019YFD 1000500 and 2019YFD1001105)the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(320MS097).
文摘Cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz)is a root crop significant in food security and various bio-industrial applications such as animal feed,modified starch,and biofuels.Drought and cold stress are two major factors limiting cassava production qualitatively and quantitatively,for which plants have evolved mechanisms to overcome the impact of these two stressors.In recent years,significant progress has been achieved in understanding the response mechanism of cassava plants to stress signals to tolerate the above stresses.In this review,core stress-signaling pathways,including transcription factor(TF)-related regulatory networks,plant hormone signaling,reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging,and non-coding RNA(ncRNA)and alternative splicing(AS)that modify gene expression levels in response to drought and/or cold stress in cassava,are summarized.Understanding these stress signaling and responses will increase our ability to improve the crops tolerance to multiple stresses for agricultural sustainability and food security for the growing world population.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11147016,11547109,61275117 and 11304086)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilong/iang Province of China(Grant No.QC2014C004)the Key Laboratory of Electronics Engineering,Heilongjiang University,China(Grant No.DZZD200801)
文摘Dear Editors,The quantitative interpretation of the particle and antiparticle correlation results depends critically on understanding the role of Coulomb interaction of the measured pairs of particles with each other,as well as the Coulomb interaction of the pair with the system of remaining particles[1-7].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760132,31670437,32171518,31870412,41830321)the National Key R§D Program of China(2018YFD0502401,2017YFC0504801)the Research Fund for Science-Technology Foundation for Young Scientist of Gansu Province,China(18JR3RP248).
