Anthocyanins play crucial roles in pollen protection and pollinator attraction in flowering plants.However,the mechanisms underlying flower color determination and whether floral anthocyanin regulators participate in ...Anthocyanins play crucial roles in pollen protection and pollinator attraction in flowering plants.However,the mechanisms underlying flower color determination and whether floral anthocyanin regulators participate in other processes remain largely unresolved in soybeans(Glycine max).In this study,we investigated the genetic components and mechanisms governing anthocyanin biosynthesis in soybean flowers.Molecular and genetic studies have characterized two antagonistic regulators,the positive activator GmMYBA3 and the negative repressor GmMYBR1,that modulate the gene expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis in soybean flowers.Further findings revealed a regulatory interplay between GmMYBA3 and GmMYBR1 bridged by GmTT8a,highlighting the complexity of anthocyanin regulation in different soybean organs.Exploration of additional soybean cultivars demonstrated the universality of GmMYBA3 and GmMYBR1 in regulating floral anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes,with GmF3’5’H identified as a crucial determinant of white flower color.This study provides a molecular mechanism underlying soybean flower color determination,paving the way for the molecular modification of soybean flowers to probably enhance their resistance to abiotic stresses and attractiveness to pollinators.展开更多
The Northeast China cold vortex(NCCV)during late summer(from July to August)is identified and classified into three types in terms of its movement path using machine learning.The relationships of the three types of NC...The Northeast China cold vortex(NCCV)during late summer(from July to August)is identified and classified into three types in terms of its movement path using machine learning.The relationships of the three types of NCCV intensity with atmospheric circulations in late summer,the sea surface temperature(SST),and Arctic sea ice concentration(SIC)in the preceding months,are analyzed.The sensitivity tests by the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.3(CAM5.3)are used to verify the statistical results.The results show that the coordination pattern of East Asia-Pacific(EAP)and Lake Baikal high pressure forced by SST anomalies in the North Indian Ocean dipole mode(NIOD)during the preceding April and SIC anomalies in the Nansen Basin during the preceding June results in an intensity anomaly for the first type of NCCV.While the pattern of high pressure over the Urals and Okhotsk Sea and low pressure over Lake Baikal during late summer-which is forced by SST anomalies in the South Indian Ocean dipole mode(SIOD)in the preceding June and SIC anomalies in the Barents Sea in the preceding April-causes the intensity anomaly of the second type.The third type is atypical and is not analyzed in detail.Sensitivity tests,jointly forced by the SST and SIC in the preceding period,can well reproduce the observations.In contrast,the results forced separately by the SST and SIC are poor,indicating that the NCCV during late summer is likely influenced by the coordinated effects of both SST and SIC in the preceding months.展开更多
Ameliorating the problem of low leaching efficiency,long leaching period,and high agent consumption should be studied to efficiently exploit ion-absorbed rare earth ore resources.In this study,the surfactant sodium do...Ameliorating the problem of low leaching efficiency,long leaching period,and high agent consumption should be studied to efficiently exploit ion-absorbed rare earth ore resources.In this study,the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) is used to enhance the leaching effect of an ion-absorbed rare earth ore by ameliorating the seepage effect for the first time.The effects of surfactant concentration,leaching agent dosage,solution flow velocity,and solution pH on the leaching rate were explored,and the mechanism of SDS was discussed.Under the optimum conditions,the addition of a small amount of SDS(mass fraction0.04%) can increase the leaching rate by about 5%,shorten the leaching period,and reduce the consumption of the leaching agent.SDS significantly ameliorates the seepage effect of the ore body by reducing the surface tension of the leaching agent and ameliorating the wettability of the mineral surface.This effect is the main factor that improves the leaching efficiency.DFT(density functional theory) calculation results show that SDS can react with rare earth ions,which reduces the adsorption strength on clay mineral surfaces.Hence,rare earth ions are easily exchanged by ammonium ions,and mass transfer is enhanced.展开更多
Next-generation vehicle control and future autonomous driving require further advances in vehicle dynamic state estimation. This article provides a concise review, along with the perspectives, of the recent developmen...Next-generation vehicle control and future autonomous driving require further advances in vehicle dynamic state estimation. This article provides a concise review, along with the perspectives, of the recent developments in the estimation of vehicle dynamic states. The definitions used in vehicle dynamic state estimation are first introduced, and alternative estimation structures are presented. Then, the sensor configuration schemes used to estimate vehicle velocity, sideslip angle, yaw rate and roll angle are presented. The vehicle models used for vehicle dynamic state estimation are further summarized, and representative estimation approaches are discussed. Future concerns and perspectives for vehicle dynamic state estimation are also discussed.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries have attracted a great interest in electrochemical energy conversion and storage, but their discharge mechanism remains not well understood up to now. Here, we report density functional theory...Lithium-sulfur batteries have attracted a great interest in electrochemical energy conversion and storage, but their discharge mechanism remains not well understood up to now. Here, we report density functional theory (DFT) calculation study of the discharge mechanism for lithium-sulfur batteries which are based on the structure of S8 and Li2S x (1≤x≤8) clusters. The results show that for Li2S x (1≤x≤8) clusters, the most stable geometry is chainlike when x = 1 and 6, while the minimal-energy structure is found to be cyclic when x = 2-5, 7,8. The stability of Li2S x (1≤x≤8) clusters increases with the decreasing x value, indicating a favorable thermodynamic tendency of transition from S8 to Li2S. A three-step reaction route has been proposed during the discharge process, that is, S8 →Li2S4 at about 2.30 V, Li2S4 →Li2S2 at around 2.22 V, and Li2S2 → Li2S at 2.18 V. Furthermore, the effect of the electrolyte on the potential platform has been also investigated. The discharge potential is found to increase with the decrease of dielectric constant of the electrolyte. The computational results could provide insights into further understanding the discharge mechanism of lithium-sulfur batteries.展开更多
The implementation of strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is frequently hindered by potential trade-offs between priorities for either environmental protection or human well-being.However,ecos...The implementation of strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is frequently hindered by potential trade-offs between priorities for either environmental protection or human well-being.However,ecosystem services(ES)-based solutions can offer possible co-benefits for SDGs implementation that are often overlooked or underexploited.In this study,we cover this gap and investigate how experts from different countries value the SDGs and relate them with ES.A total of 66 countries participated to the survey,and answers were grouped into three macro-regions:Asia;Europe,North America,and Oceania(ENO);Latin America,Caribbean and Africa(LA).Results show that the most prioritized SDGs in the three macro-regions are usually those related to essential material needs and environmental conditions,such as SDG2(Zero Hunger),SDG1(No Poverty),and SDG6(Clean Water).At a global scale,the number of prioritized synergies between SDGs and ES largely exceeded trade-offs.The highest amount of synergies was observed for SDG1(No Poverty),mainly with SDG2,SDG3(Good Health),SDG5(Gender Equality),and SDG8(Economic Growth).Other major synergies among SDGs include SDG14-15(Life below water-Life on land),SDG5-10(Gender Equity-Reduced Inequality),and SDG1-2(No poverty-Zero Hunger).At a global scale,SDG15,SDG13,SDG14,and SDG6 were closely related to ES like climate regulation,freshwater,food,water purification,biodiversity,and education.SDG11(Sustainable Cities)and SDG3 were also relevant in Asia and in LA,respectively.Overall,this study shows the potential to couple future policies that can implement SDGs’strategies while adopting ES-based solutions in different regions of the world.展开更多
Mafic intrusions and dykes are well preserved in the Yinmin and Lanniping districts,located within the western margin of the Yangtze Block,SW China.Although these mafic rocks from the two areas formed during different...Mafic intrusions and dykes are well preserved in the Yinmin and Lanniping districts,located within the western margin of the Yangtze Block,SW China.Although these mafic rocks from the two areas formed during different periods,they share similar ranges of PGE concentration.Most of the Yinmin gabbroic dykes contain relatively high PGE concentrations(PGEs = 13.9-87.0 ppb) and low S contents(0.003%-0.020%),higher than the maximum PGE concentrations of mafic magmas melting from the mantle.Two exceptional Yinmin samples are characterized by relatively low PGE(PGEs = 0.31-0.37 ppb) and high S(0.114%-0.257%) contents.In contrast,most samples from the Lanniping gabbroic intrusion have low PGE concentrations(PGEs — 0.12-1.02 ppb) and high S contents(0.130%-0.360%),except that the three samples exhibit relatively high PGE(PGEs = 16.3-34.8 ppb) and low S concentrations(0.014%-0.070%).All the Yinmin and Lanniping samples are characterized by the enrichment of PPGE relative to IPGE in the primitive-mantle normalized diagrams,and the high-PGE samples exhibit obvious Ru anomalies.This study suggests that during the ascent of the parental magma,removal of Os-Ir-Ru alloys and/or chromite/spinel leads to high Pd/Ir ratios and Ru anomalies for the Yinmin high-PGE samples and relatively lower Pd/Ir ratios and Ru anomalies for the Lanniping low-PGE samples.We propose that the magmas parental to the Yinmin gabbroic dykes are initially S-unsaturated,and subsequently,minor evolved magma reached sulfur saturation and led to sulfide segregation.Although the Lanniping parental magmas are originally not saturated in S,the high Cu/Pd ratios(3.8 × 10~4 to 3.2 ×10~6) for most of the Lanniping samples indicate the S-saturated state and sulfide segregation.A calculation shows that the PGE-poor magmas might have experienced 0.01%-0.1% sulfide segregation in the magma chamber.Therefore,our study provides a possible opportunity to discover PGE-enriched sulfide mineralization somewhere near or within the Lanniping mafic intrusion.展开更多
The uplift of the Tibetan Plateau significantly affected the global climate system.However,the timing of its uplift and the formation of its vast expanse are poorly understood.The occurrence of two types of leucograni...The uplift of the Tibetan Plateau significantly affected the global climate system.However,the timing of its uplift and the formation of its vast expanse are poorly understood.The occurrence of two types of leucogranites(the two-mica leucogranites and garnet-bearing leucogranites) identified in the Ailaoshan-Red River(ASRR) shear zone suggests an extension event in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau.The age of these leucogranites could be used to constrain the timing of uplift and southeastward expansion of the plateau.Petrography,geochronology and geochemistry investigations,including Sr-Nd isotope analysis,were conducted on the two-mica leucogranites and garnet-bearing leucogranites from the ASRR shear zone.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating indicates that these rocks were emplaced at ~27 Ma,implying that the Tibetan Plateau had already achieved maximum uplift prior to the late Oligocene.It subsequently started to expand southeastward as a result of crustal flow.Compared to classic metapelite-derived leucogranites from Himalaya,the two-mica leucogranites show high K_2 O/Na_2 O(1.31-1.92),low Rb/Sr,CaO,lower ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios(0.7089-0.7164) and higher ε_(Nd)(t)(-8.83 to-3.10).This whole-rock geochemical characteristics likely indicates a mixing source origin,composed predominantly of amphibolite with subordinated metapelite,which is also evidenced by ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr vs.ε_(Nd)(t) diagram.However,The garnetbearing leucogranites with high SiO_2 contents(72.25-74.12 wt.%) have high initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios(0.7332-0.7535) and low ε_(Nd)(t)(-16.36 to 18.98),indicating that they are derived from the source comprised of metapelite and results of fluexed muscovite melting under lower crustal level,which is also evidenced by the Rb-Sr-Ba systematics.These leucogranites formed from partial melting of the thickened lower crust,which resulted in the formation of granitic melt that weakened the crust.The weakened crust aided the left-lateral strikeslip movement of the ASRR shear zone,triggering the escape of the Indochina terrane in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau during the late Oligocene.展开更多
Spodumene is a silicate mineral rich in lithium.However,the gangue mineral,albite has similar crystal chemical structure and composition to spodumene.In this work,the density functional theory(DFT)calculation was take...Spodumene is a silicate mineral rich in lithium.However,the gangue mineral,albite has similar crystal chemical structure and composition to spodumene.In this work,the density functional theory(DFT)calculation was taken to research the floatability from the perspective of crystal chemistry.And contact angle test and reagent adsorption test were used to support the simulation results.In addition,the weighted total density of broken bonds is proposed for the first time to judge the generation probability of cleavage surface.The DFT calculation results display that the Na and Al sites on the albite surface are the adsorption sites of water molecules.While the water molecules only bond with Al atom on the surface of spodumene and each Al site can adsorb only one water molecule.Thus,the wetting effect of water molecules on the albite surface is stronger than that of spodumene.This is consistent with the result of contact angle.In sodium oleate system,the oleic acid anion is adsorbed on the spodumene surface in form of a multicomponent ring while the albite is a single ring.Theoretically,oleic acid anion can be strongly adsorbed on the surface of spodumene and albite under vacuum.The adsorption strength of spodumene is higher than that of albite.However,on hydrated surface,the adsorption strength of oleic acid anion on mineral surface is greatly reduced due to the interaction between water molecules and metal site on mineral surface.Thus,spodumene and albite are hard to float without external activated ions in sodium oleate system.展开更多
The selective coupling of alcohols is a fascinating yet challenging approach for upgrading alcohols. Herein, we accomplished the controlled production of β-disubstituted ketones or upgraded secondary alcohols via the...The selective coupling of alcohols is a fascinating yet challenging approach for upgrading alcohols. Herein, we accomplished the controlled production of β-disubstituted ketones or upgraded secondary alcohols via the Ir-catalyzed cross-coupling of secondary alcohols in excellent yields with broad substrate scopes. This selective control was achieved by using an in-situ generated monoNHC-Ir or a tris-NHC-Ir complex as the catalysts, respectively. Mechanistic studies revealed that the delicate balance between dehydrogenation and hydrogenation abilities of these bifunctional catalysts is crucial for achieving different selectivity. The tris-NHC-Ir complex effectively facilitated dehydrogenation of alcohols and hydrogenation of intermediates, leading to the desired upgraded secondary alcohols. Conversely, the high dehydrogenation ability of the mono-NHC-Ir complex promoted the conversion of formed secondary alcohols back to ketones.展开更多
Transport is an essential part of the aquaculture and research of the main freshwater aquaculture crayfish Procambarus clarkii in China.However,transport is often accompanied by a low survival rate.Assessing the physi...Transport is an essential part of the aquaculture and research of the main freshwater aquaculture crayfish Procambarus clarkii in China.However,transport is often accompanied by a low survival rate.Assessing the physiological state of P.clarkii before and after transport may discover the cause of this high mortality rate.In this study,ice-cold and exposed-to-air transport methods were compared using an array of parameters,including relative expression level of heat shock protein 70(HSP70),content of serum glucose and cortisol,immune parameters(enzyme and immune-related genes),and white spot syndrome virus(WSSV)concentration were investigated to understand the physiological state of P.clarkii before and after transport,as well as the cause of dying crayfish on days 5 and 7 after transport stress.Histological sections of hepatopancreas,gills,and intestines reflected pathological changes.The survival rate of crayfish with ice-cold transport was significantly higher than that with exposed-to-air transport,and mortality peaked at 3-9 days after transport stress.A prolonged response to oxidative stress and short-term immunosuppression was present after transport,and the trend of the WSSV concentration in the hepatopancreas was similar to the mortality rate of P.clarkii.The contents of serum glucose and cortisol,antioxidant enzymes and immune-related indexes,and the concentration of WSSV in hepatopancreas of dying crayfish were significantly higher than those of vibrant crayfish on the 5th and 7th days after transport.The hepatopancreas,intestines,and gills of dying crayfish had varying degrees of damage,and the hepatopancreas and intestines were severely damaged.The results suggested that the death of P.clarkii after transport stress is caused by oxidative stress,the imbalance of reactive oxygen species regulation,and decreased WSSV resistance,which eventually led to irreversible tissue damage.The increase of WSSV in the body of crayfish might be the direct cause of crayfish death.展开更多
De novo nucleotide biosynthetic pathway is a highly conserved and essential biochemical pathway in almost all organisms.Both purine nucleotides and pyrimidine nucleotides are necessary for cell metabolism and prolifer...De novo nucleotide biosynthetic pathway is a highly conserved and essential biochemical pathway in almost all organisms.Both purine nucleotides and pyrimidine nucleotides are necessary for cell metabolism and proliferation.Thus,the dysregulation of the de novo nucleotide biosynthetic pathway contributes to the development of many human diseases,such as cancer.It has been shown that many enzymes in this pathway are overactivated in different cancers.In this review,we summarize and update the current knowledge on the de novo nucleotide biosynthetic pathway,regulatory mechanisms,its role in tumorigenesis,and potential targeting opportunities.展开更多
We present a study of the measurement of the effective weak mixing angle parameter(sin^(2)θ^(l)_(eff))at the Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC).As a fundamental physics parameter,sin^(2)θ_(eff)^(l) plays a ke...We present a study of the measurement of the effective weak mixing angle parameter(sin^(2)θ^(l)_(eff))at the Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC).As a fundamental physics parameter,sin^(2)θ_(eff)^(l) plays a key role not only in the global test of the standard model electroweak sector,but also in constraining the potential beyond standard model new physics at the high energy frontier.CEPC proposes a two year running period around the Z boson mass pole at high instataneous luminosity,providing a large data sample with 4 × 10^(12)Z candidates generated in total.It allows a high precision measurement of sin^(2)θ^(l)_(eff) both in the lepton and quark final states,where the uncertainty can be one order of magnitude lower than any previous measurement at the LEP,SLC,Tevatron,and LHC.It will improve the overall precision of the sin^(2)θ^(l)_(eff) experimental determination to be comparable to the preicision of the theoretical calculation with two-loop radiative corrections,and it will also provide direct comparisons between different final states.In this paper,we also study the measurement of sin^(2)θ^(l)_(eff) in the high mass region.Taking data for one month,the precision of sin^(2)θ^(l)_(eff) measured at 130 GeV from b quark final state is 0.00010,which will be an important experimental observation on the energy-running effect of sin^(2)θ^(l)_(eff).展开更多
Air pollution poses a significant threat to human health,particularly in urban areas with high levels of industrial activities.In China,the government plays a crucial role in managing air quality through the Air Pollu...Air pollution poses a significant threat to human health,particularly in urban areas with high levels of industrial activities.In China,the government plays a crucial role in managing air quality through the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan.The government provides direct financial support and guides the investment direction of social funds to improve air quality.While government investment has led to improvements in air quality across China,concerns remain regarding the efficiency of such large-scale investments.To address this concern,we conducted a study using a three-stage data envelopment analysis(DEA)-Malmquist model to assess the efficiency of government investment in improving air quality in China.Our analysis revealed regional disparities and annual dynamic changes.Specifically,we focused on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei areas as a case study,as the investment primarily targeted industrial activities in urban areas with the goal of improving living conditions for urban residents.The results demonstrate significant differences in investment efficiency between regions.Beijing exhibits relatively high investment efficiency,while cities in Hebei Province require improvement.We identified scale inefficiency,which refers to the ratio of air pollutant reduction to financial investment,as the main factor contributing to regional disparities.However,we found that increasing the total investment scale can help mitigate this effect.Furthermore,our study observed positive but fluctuating annual changes in investment efficiency within this city cluster from 2014 to 2018.Investment-combined technical efficiency,which represents the investment strategy,is the main obstacle to improving yearly investment efficiency.Therefore,in addition to promoting investment strategies at the individual city level,it is crucial to enhance coordination and cooperation among cities to improve the investment efficiency of the entire city cluster.Evaluating the efficiency of government investment and understanding its influencing factors can guide future investment measures and directions.This knowledge can also support policymaking for other projects involving substantial investments.展开更多
Considering the importance of the valorization of CO_(2),a number of phosphine-containing ruthenium pincer complexes have been successfully heterogenized using a“direct knitting”strategy without any premodification....Considering the importance of the valorization of CO_(2),a number of phosphine-containing ruthenium pincer complexes have been successfully heterogenized using a“direct knitting”strategy without any premodification.The resulting porous organometallic polymers(POMPs)with high specific-surface areas,hierarchical pores,and uniformly dispersed Ru single-sites exhibited outstanding catalytic activity toward the N-formylation of diverse amines with CO_(2).Besides excellent turnover number(TON,5×10^(5))and turnover frequency(TOF,5592 h-1),the obtained formamides were readily hydrogenated to methanol with the same catalyst.Consequently,an amine-assisted direct hydrogenation system of CO_(2)to methanol was established by POMPs with higher activity and TON(1.46×10^(4))than their molecular precursors,shedding light on the direct valorization of CO_(2)and carbon neutral recycling.展开更多
We developed one-pot photoreduction strategy to prepare near infrared light(NIR)-absorbing plasmonic gold nanoparticles(Au NPs) tethered by amphiphilic polypeptide copolymer poly(L-cysteine)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)(PLC...We developed one-pot photoreduction strategy to prepare near infrared light(NIR)-absorbing plasmonic gold nanoparticles(Au NPs) tethered by amphiphilic polypeptide copolymer poly(L-cysteine)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)(PLC-b-PEO). The PLC-b-PEO@Au NPs possessed strong NIR absorption at 700–1100 nm and ultrahigh photothermal conversion efficiency of 62.1%. Upon the NIR irradiation(808nm,2 W/cm^2,5 min), the PLC-b-PEO@Au NPs(1mg/mL) sharply attained an elevation of 30.8℃ and the hyperthermia effect could efficiently kill cancer cells in vitro. As for the PT-CT treatment, the doxorubicin(DOX)-loaded nanoparticles of DOX-PLC-b-PEO@Au NPs gave a combination index of 0.9 compared to single chemotherapy(CT) or photothermal therapy(PT), demonstrating a synergistic effect.展开更多
The Early Cretaceous Houyaoyu granite porphyries are located in the south margin of the North China Craton. Field observations, petrography, geochronology, major and trace elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions are...The Early Cretaceous Houyaoyu granite porphyries are located in the south margin of the North China Craton. Field observations, petrography, geochronology, major and trace elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions are reported to elucidate the genesis of the Houyaoyu granite porphyries. SIMS zircon U-Pb analyses for the Houyaoyu granite porphyries yield two concordant ages of 133.2± 2.3(2σ) and 131± 1.1(2σ) Ma, respectively. Major and trace elemental compositions indicate that these porphyries are high-K I-type granites with high contents of Si O2, K2 O, Rb, U, Pb, low Nb, Ta, Ti, and P. Initial 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios range from 0.708 3 to 0.709 7, and εNd(t) values range from-9.13 to-12.3, with corresponding two-stage depleted-mantle Nd model ages(T2 DM) varying from 1.57 to 1.91 Ga. This suggests that the Houyaoyu granite porphyries were predominantly derived from ancient lower continental crust, with minor involvement of mantle-derived components. On the basis of the tectonic evolution of the Qinling Orogen and geochemical characteristics of the Houyaoyu granite porphyries, it is proposed that they were formed in an extensional tectonic setting related to lithospheric destruction of the North China Craton, and produced Mo and Pb-Zn mineralization in East Qinling Orogen.展开更多
There is growing interest in expanding the production of soybean oils(mainly triacylglycerol, or TAG) to meet rising feed demand and address global energy concerns. We report that a plastidlocalized glycerol-3-phospha...There is growing interest in expanding the production of soybean oils(mainly triacylglycerol, or TAG) to meet rising feed demand and address global energy concerns. We report that a plastidlocalized glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GPDH), encoded by GmGPDHp1 gene, catalyzes the formation of glycerol-3-phosphate(G3 P), an obligate substrate required for TAG biosynthesis.Overexpression of GmGPDHp1 increases soybean seed oil content with high levels of unsaturated fatty acids(FAs), especially oleic acid(C18:1), without detectably affecting growth or seed protein content or seed weight. Based on the lipidomic analyses, we found that the increase in G3 P content led to an elevated diacylglycerol(DAG) pool, in which the Kennedy pathwayderived DAG was mostly increased, followed by PC-derived DAG, thereby promoting the synthesis of TAG containing relatively high proportion of C18:1. The increased G3 P levels induced several transcriptional alterations of genes involved in the glycerolipid pathways. In particular, genes encoding the enzymes responsible for de novo glycerolipid synthesis were largely upregulated in the transgenic lines, in-line with the identified biochemical phenotype. These results reveal a key role for GmGPDHp1-mediated G3 P metabolism in enhancing TAG synthesis and demonstrate a strategy to modify the FA compositions of soybean oils for improved nutrition and biofuel.展开更多
We investigate the parton distribution function(PDF)uncertainty in the measurement of the effective weak mixing angle sin2θ^(l)_(eff)at the CERN Large Hadron Collider(LHC).The PDF-induced uncertainty is large in prot...We investigate the parton distribution function(PDF)uncertainty in the measurement of the effective weak mixing angle sin2θ^(l)_(eff)at the CERN Large Hadron Collider(LHC).The PDF-induced uncertainty is large in proton-proton collisions at the LHC due to the dilution effect.The measurement of the Drell-Yan forward-backward asymmetry(ApB)at the LHC can be used to reduce the PDF uncertainty in the sin2θ^(l)_(eff)measurement.However,when including the full mass range of lepton pairs in the AFB data analysis,the correlation between the PDF updating procedure and the sin2θ^(l)_(eff) extraction leads to a sizable bias in the obtained sin2θ^(l)_(eff)value.From our studies,we find that the bias can be significantly reduced by removing Drell-Yan events with invariant mass around the Z-pole region,while most of the sensitivity in reducing the PDF uncertainty remains.Furthermore,the lepton charge asymmetry in the^boson events as a function of the rapidity of the charged leptons,A±(ηl),is known to be another observable which can be used to reduce the PDF uncertainty in the sin2θ^(l)_(eff)measurement.The constraint from A±(ηl)is complementary to that from AFB,and thus no bias affects the sin2θ^(l)_(eff)extraction.The studies are performed using the error PDF Updating Method Package(ePump),which is based on Hessian updating methods.In this article,the CT14HERA2 PDF set is used as an example.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201781,32100211)the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20220508112RC,20210101005JC)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(2412023YQ005)China Agriculture Research System(CARS04)。
文摘Anthocyanins play crucial roles in pollen protection and pollinator attraction in flowering plants.However,the mechanisms underlying flower color determination and whether floral anthocyanin regulators participate in other processes remain largely unresolved in soybeans(Glycine max).In this study,we investigated the genetic components and mechanisms governing anthocyanin biosynthesis in soybean flowers.Molecular and genetic studies have characterized two antagonistic regulators,the positive activator GmMYBA3 and the negative repressor GmMYBR1,that modulate the gene expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis in soybean flowers.Further findings revealed a regulatory interplay between GmMYBA3 and GmMYBR1 bridged by GmTT8a,highlighting the complexity of anthocyanin regulation in different soybean organs.Exploration of additional soybean cultivars demonstrated the universality of GmMYBA3 and GmMYBR1 in regulating floral anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes,with GmF3’5’H identified as a crucial determinant of white flower color.This study provides a molecular mechanism underlying soybean flower color determination,paving the way for the molecular modification of soybean flowers to probably enhance their resistance to abiotic stresses and attractiveness to pollinators.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42005037)Special Project of Innovative Development, CMA (CXFZ2021J022, CXFZ2022J008, and CXFZ2021J028)+1 种基金Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project (Ph.D. Start-up Research Fund 2019-BS214)Research Project of the Institute of Atmospheric Environment, CMA (2021SYIAEKFMS08, 2020SYIAE08 and 2021SYIAEKFMS09)
文摘The Northeast China cold vortex(NCCV)during late summer(from July to August)is identified and classified into three types in terms of its movement path using machine learning.The relationships of the three types of NCCV intensity with atmospheric circulations in late summer,the sea surface temperature(SST),and Arctic sea ice concentration(SIC)in the preceding months,are analyzed.The sensitivity tests by the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.3(CAM5.3)are used to verify the statistical results.The results show that the coordination pattern of East Asia-Pacific(EAP)and Lake Baikal high pressure forced by SST anomalies in the North Indian Ocean dipole mode(NIOD)during the preceding April and SIC anomalies in the Nansen Basin during the preceding June results in an intensity anomaly for the first type of NCCV.While the pattern of high pressure over the Urals and Okhotsk Sea and low pressure over Lake Baikal during late summer-which is forced by SST anomalies in the South Indian Ocean dipole mode(SIOD)in the preceding June and SIC anomalies in the Barents Sea in the preceding April-causes the intensity anomaly of the second type.The third type is atypical and is not analyzed in detail.Sensitivity tests,jointly forced by the SST and SIC in the preceding period,can well reproduce the observations.In contrast,the results forced separately by the SST and SIC are poor,indicating that the NCCV during late summer is likely influenced by the coordinated effects of both SST and SIC in the preceding months.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51774153 and 92062110)。
文摘Ameliorating the problem of low leaching efficiency,long leaching period,and high agent consumption should be studied to efficiently exploit ion-absorbed rare earth ore resources.In this study,the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) is used to enhance the leaching effect of an ion-absorbed rare earth ore by ameliorating the seepage effect for the first time.The effects of surfactant concentration,leaching agent dosage,solution flow velocity,and solution pH on the leaching rate were explored,and the mechanism of SDS was discussed.Under the optimum conditions,the addition of a small amount of SDS(mass fraction0.04%) can increase the leaching rate by about 5%,shorten the leaching period,and reduce the consumption of the leaching agent.SDS significantly ameliorates the seepage effect of the ore body by reducing the surface tension of the leaching agent and ameliorating the wettability of the mineral surface.This effect is the main factor that improves the leaching efficiency.DFT(density functional theory) calculation results show that SDS can react with rare earth ions,which reduces the adsorption strength on clay mineral surfaces.Hence,rare earth ions are easily exchanged by ammonium ions,and mass transfer is enhanced.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61403158,61520106008)the Project of the Education Department of Jilin Province(2016-429)
文摘Next-generation vehicle control and future autonomous driving require further advances in vehicle dynamic state estimation. This article provides a concise review, along with the perspectives, of the recent developments in the estimation of vehicle dynamic states. The definitions used in vehicle dynamic state estimation are first introduced, and alternative estimation structures are presented. Then, the sensor configuration schemes used to estimate vehicle velocity, sideslip angle, yaw rate and roll angle are presented. The vehicle models used for vehicle dynamic state estimation are further summarized, and representative estimation approaches are discussed. Future concerns and perspectives for vehicle dynamic state estimation are also discussed.
基金the Programs of Nationa l973(2011CB935900)NSFC(21076108)111 Project(B12015)
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries have attracted a great interest in electrochemical energy conversion and storage, but their discharge mechanism remains not well understood up to now. Here, we report density functional theory (DFT) calculation study of the discharge mechanism for lithium-sulfur batteries which are based on the structure of S8 and Li2S x (1≤x≤8) clusters. The results show that for Li2S x (1≤x≤8) clusters, the most stable geometry is chainlike when x = 1 and 6, while the minimal-energy structure is found to be cyclic when x = 2-5, 7,8. The stability of Li2S x (1≤x≤8) clusters increases with the decreasing x value, indicating a favorable thermodynamic tendency of transition from S8 to Li2S. A three-step reaction route has been proposed during the discharge process, that is, S8 →Li2S4 at about 2.30 V, Li2S4 →Li2S2 at around 2.22 V, and Li2S2 → Li2S at 2.18 V. Furthermore, the effect of the electrolyte on the potential platform has been also investigated. The discharge potential is found to increase with the decrease of dielectric constant of the electrolyte. The computational results could provide insights into further understanding the discharge mechanism of lithium-sulfur batteries.
基金This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0604700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.4181101243)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesFrancesco Cherubini was supported by Nor-wegian Research Council(Grant No.286773)Paulo Pereira was sup-ported by the European Social Fund project LINESAM(Grant No.09.3.3-LMT-K-712-01-0104).
文摘The implementation of strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is frequently hindered by potential trade-offs between priorities for either environmental protection or human well-being.However,ecosystem services(ES)-based solutions can offer possible co-benefits for SDGs implementation that are often overlooked or underexploited.In this study,we cover this gap and investigate how experts from different countries value the SDGs and relate them with ES.A total of 66 countries participated to the survey,and answers were grouped into three macro-regions:Asia;Europe,North America,and Oceania(ENO);Latin America,Caribbean and Africa(LA).Results show that the most prioritized SDGs in the three macro-regions are usually those related to essential material needs and environmental conditions,such as SDG2(Zero Hunger),SDG1(No Poverty),and SDG6(Clean Water).At a global scale,the number of prioritized synergies between SDGs and ES largely exceeded trade-offs.The highest amount of synergies was observed for SDG1(No Poverty),mainly with SDG2,SDG3(Good Health),SDG5(Gender Equality),and SDG8(Economic Growth).Other major synergies among SDGs include SDG14-15(Life below water-Life on land),SDG5-10(Gender Equity-Reduced Inequality),and SDG1-2(No poverty-Zero Hunger).At a global scale,SDG15,SDG13,SDG14,and SDG6 were closely related to ES like climate regulation,freshwater,food,water purification,biodiversity,and education.SDG11(Sustainable Cities)and SDG3 were also relevant in Asia and in LA,respectively.Overall,this study shows the potential to couple future policies that can implement SDGs’strategies while adopting ES-based solutions in different regions of the world.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41425011 and 41303016)
文摘Mafic intrusions and dykes are well preserved in the Yinmin and Lanniping districts,located within the western margin of the Yangtze Block,SW China.Although these mafic rocks from the two areas formed during different periods,they share similar ranges of PGE concentration.Most of the Yinmin gabbroic dykes contain relatively high PGE concentrations(PGEs = 13.9-87.0 ppb) and low S contents(0.003%-0.020%),higher than the maximum PGE concentrations of mafic magmas melting from the mantle.Two exceptional Yinmin samples are characterized by relatively low PGE(PGEs = 0.31-0.37 ppb) and high S(0.114%-0.257%) contents.In contrast,most samples from the Lanniping gabbroic intrusion have low PGE concentrations(PGEs — 0.12-1.02 ppb) and high S contents(0.130%-0.360%),except that the three samples exhibit relatively high PGE(PGEs = 16.3-34.8 ppb) and low S concentrations(0.014%-0.070%).All the Yinmin and Lanniping samples are characterized by the enrichment of PPGE relative to IPGE in the primitive-mantle normalized diagrams,and the high-PGE samples exhibit obvious Ru anomalies.This study suggests that during the ascent of the parental magma,removal of Os-Ir-Ru alloys and/or chromite/spinel leads to high Pd/Ir ratios and Ru anomalies for the Yinmin high-PGE samples and relatively lower Pd/Ir ratios and Ru anomalies for the Lanniping low-PGE samples.We propose that the magmas parental to the Yinmin gabbroic dykes are initially S-unsaturated,and subsequently,minor evolved magma reached sulfur saturation and led to sulfide segregation.Although the Lanniping parental magmas are originally not saturated in S,the high Cu/Pd ratios(3.8 × 10~4 to 3.2 ×10~6) for most of the Lanniping samples indicate the S-saturated state and sulfide segregation.A calculation shows that the PGE-poor magmas might have experienced 0.01%-0.1% sulfide segregation in the magma chamber.Therefore,our study provides a possible opportunity to discover PGE-enriched sulfide mineralization somewhere near or within the Lanniping mafic intrusion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41702084)the Yunnan Department of Science and Technology Application and Basic Research Project(Grant No.2017FD063)Geology Discipline Construction Project of Yunnan University(Grant No.C176210227)。
文摘The uplift of the Tibetan Plateau significantly affected the global climate system.However,the timing of its uplift and the formation of its vast expanse are poorly understood.The occurrence of two types of leucogranites(the two-mica leucogranites and garnet-bearing leucogranites) identified in the Ailaoshan-Red River(ASRR) shear zone suggests an extension event in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau.The age of these leucogranites could be used to constrain the timing of uplift and southeastward expansion of the plateau.Petrography,geochronology and geochemistry investigations,including Sr-Nd isotope analysis,were conducted on the two-mica leucogranites and garnet-bearing leucogranites from the ASRR shear zone.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating indicates that these rocks were emplaced at ~27 Ma,implying that the Tibetan Plateau had already achieved maximum uplift prior to the late Oligocene.It subsequently started to expand southeastward as a result of crustal flow.Compared to classic metapelite-derived leucogranites from Himalaya,the two-mica leucogranites show high K_2 O/Na_2 O(1.31-1.92),low Rb/Sr,CaO,lower ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios(0.7089-0.7164) and higher ε_(Nd)(t)(-8.83 to-3.10).This whole-rock geochemical characteristics likely indicates a mixing source origin,composed predominantly of amphibolite with subordinated metapelite,which is also evidenced by ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr vs.ε_(Nd)(t) diagram.However,The garnetbearing leucogranites with high SiO_2 contents(72.25-74.12 wt.%) have high initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios(0.7332-0.7535) and low ε_(Nd)(t)(-16.36 to 18.98),indicating that they are derived from the source comprised of metapelite and results of fluexed muscovite melting under lower crustal level,which is also evidenced by the Rb-Sr-Ba systematics.These leucogranites formed from partial melting of the thickened lower crust,which resulted in the formation of granitic melt that weakened the crust.The weakened crust aided the left-lateral strikeslip movement of the ASRR shear zone,triggering the escape of the Indochina terrane in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau during the late Oligocene.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52064017)Key Research and Development Project of Jiangxi Province(No.20181BBG70050)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20202BABL204034)Science and Technology Research Project of Education Department of Jiangxi Province(No.GJJ190425)the Youth Jinggang Scholars Program in Jiangxi Province,and Program of Qingjiang Excellent Young Talents,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology.
文摘Spodumene is a silicate mineral rich in lithium.However,the gangue mineral,albite has similar crystal chemical structure and composition to spodumene.In this work,the density functional theory(DFT)calculation was taken to research the floatability from the perspective of crystal chemistry.And contact angle test and reagent adsorption test were used to support the simulation results.In addition,the weighted total density of broken bonds is proposed for the first time to judge the generation probability of cleavage surface.The DFT calculation results display that the Na and Al sites on the albite surface are the adsorption sites of water molecules.While the water molecules only bond with Al atom on the surface of spodumene and each Al site can adsorb only one water molecule.Thus,the wetting effect of water molecules on the albite surface is stronger than that of spodumene.This is consistent with the result of contact angle.In sodium oleate system,the oleic acid anion is adsorbed on the spodumene surface in form of a multicomponent ring while the albite is a single ring.Theoretically,oleic acid anion can be strongly adsorbed on the surface of spodumene and albite under vacuum.The adsorption strength of spodumene is higher than that of albite.However,on hydrated surface,the adsorption strength of oleic acid anion on mineral surface is greatly reduced due to the interaction between water molecules and metal site on mineral surface.Thus,spodumene and albite are hard to float without external activated ions in sodium oleate system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22271060)the Department of Chemistry at Fudan University。
文摘The selective coupling of alcohols is a fascinating yet challenging approach for upgrading alcohols. Herein, we accomplished the controlled production of β-disubstituted ketones or upgraded secondary alcohols via the Ir-catalyzed cross-coupling of secondary alcohols in excellent yields with broad substrate scopes. This selective control was achieved by using an in-situ generated monoNHC-Ir or a tris-NHC-Ir complex as the catalysts, respectively. Mechanistic studies revealed that the delicate balance between dehydrogenation and hydrogenation abilities of these bifunctional catalysts is crucial for achieving different selectivity. The tris-NHC-Ir complex effectively facilitated dehydrogenation of alcohols and hydrogenation of intermediates, leading to the desired upgraded secondary alcohols. Conversely, the high dehydrogenation ability of the mono-NHC-Ir complex promoted the conversion of formed secondary alcohols back to ketones.
基金This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662020SCPY004)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD0900304).
文摘Transport is an essential part of the aquaculture and research of the main freshwater aquaculture crayfish Procambarus clarkii in China.However,transport is often accompanied by a low survival rate.Assessing the physiological state of P.clarkii before and after transport may discover the cause of this high mortality rate.In this study,ice-cold and exposed-to-air transport methods were compared using an array of parameters,including relative expression level of heat shock protein 70(HSP70),content of serum glucose and cortisol,immune parameters(enzyme and immune-related genes),and white spot syndrome virus(WSSV)concentration were investigated to understand the physiological state of P.clarkii before and after transport,as well as the cause of dying crayfish on days 5 and 7 after transport stress.Histological sections of hepatopancreas,gills,and intestines reflected pathological changes.The survival rate of crayfish with ice-cold transport was significantly higher than that with exposed-to-air transport,and mortality peaked at 3-9 days after transport stress.A prolonged response to oxidative stress and short-term immunosuppression was present after transport,and the trend of the WSSV concentration in the hepatopancreas was similar to the mortality rate of P.clarkii.The contents of serum glucose and cortisol,antioxidant enzymes and immune-related indexes,and the concentration of WSSV in hepatopancreas of dying crayfish were significantly higher than those of vibrant crayfish on the 5th and 7th days after transport.The hepatopancreas,intestines,and gills of dying crayfish had varying degrees of damage,and the hepatopancreas and intestines were severely damaged.The results suggested that the death of P.clarkii after transport stress is caused by oxidative stress,the imbalance of reactive oxygen species regulation,and decreased WSSV resistance,which eventually led to irreversible tissue damage.The increase of WSSV in the body of crayfish might be the direct cause of crayfish death.
文摘De novo nucleotide biosynthetic pathway is a highly conserved and essential biochemical pathway in almost all organisms.Both purine nucleotides and pyrimidine nucleotides are necessary for cell metabolism and proliferation.Thus,the dysregulation of the de novo nucleotide biosynthetic pathway contributes to the development of many human diseases,such as cancer.It has been shown that many enzymes in this pathway are overactivated in different cancers.In this review,we summarize and update the current knowledge on the de novo nucleotide biosynthetic pathway,regulatory mechanisms,its role in tumorigenesis,and potential targeting opportunities.
基金the"USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative",the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(113111KYSB20190030)the Innovative Scientific Program of Institute of High Energy Physics。
文摘We present a study of the measurement of the effective weak mixing angle parameter(sin^(2)θ^(l)_(eff))at the Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC).As a fundamental physics parameter,sin^(2)θ_(eff)^(l) plays a key role not only in the global test of the standard model electroweak sector,but also in constraining the potential beyond standard model new physics at the high energy frontier.CEPC proposes a two year running period around the Z boson mass pole at high instataneous luminosity,providing a large data sample with 4 × 10^(12)Z candidates generated in total.It allows a high precision measurement of sin^(2)θ^(l)_(eff) both in the lepton and quark final states,where the uncertainty can be one order of magnitude lower than any previous measurement at the LEP,SLC,Tevatron,and LHC.It will improve the overall precision of the sin^(2)θ^(l)_(eff) experimental determination to be comparable to the preicision of the theoretical calculation with two-loop radiative corrections,and it will also provide direct comparisons between different final states.In this paper,we also study the measurement of sin^(2)θ^(l)_(eff) in the high mass region.Taking data for one month,the precision of sin^(2)θ^(l)_(eff) measured at 130 GeV from b quark final state is 0.00010,which will be an important experimental observation on the energy-running effect of sin^(2)θ^(l)_(eff).
基金the Beijing Social Science Foundation Project Key Project of the Social Science Program of the Beijing Education Commission(Grant No.SZ202011232024)Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Fund Project(Grant No.20YJAZH129).
文摘Air pollution poses a significant threat to human health,particularly in urban areas with high levels of industrial activities.In China,the government plays a crucial role in managing air quality through the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan.The government provides direct financial support and guides the investment direction of social funds to improve air quality.While government investment has led to improvements in air quality across China,concerns remain regarding the efficiency of such large-scale investments.To address this concern,we conducted a study using a three-stage data envelopment analysis(DEA)-Malmquist model to assess the efficiency of government investment in improving air quality in China.Our analysis revealed regional disparities and annual dynamic changes.Specifically,we focused on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei areas as a case study,as the investment primarily targeted industrial activities in urban areas with the goal of improving living conditions for urban residents.The results demonstrate significant differences in investment efficiency between regions.Beijing exhibits relatively high investment efficiency,while cities in Hebei Province require improvement.We identified scale inefficiency,which refers to the ratio of air pollutant reduction to financial investment,as the main factor contributing to regional disparities.However,we found that increasing the total investment scale can help mitigate this effect.Furthermore,our study observed positive but fluctuating annual changes in investment efficiency within this city cluster from 2014 to 2018.Investment-combined technical efficiency,which represents the investment strategy,is the main obstacle to improving yearly investment efficiency.Therefore,in addition to promoting investment strategies at the individual city level,it is crucial to enhance coordination and cooperation among cities to improve the investment efficiency of the entire city cluster.Evaluating the efficiency of government investment and understanding its influencing factors can guide future investment measures and directions.This knowledge can also support policymaking for other projects involving substantial investments.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.21871059 and 21861132002)the National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2016YFA0202902)Department of Chemistry,Fudan University are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Considering the importance of the valorization of CO_(2),a number of phosphine-containing ruthenium pincer complexes have been successfully heterogenized using a“direct knitting”strategy without any premodification.The resulting porous organometallic polymers(POMPs)with high specific-surface areas,hierarchical pores,and uniformly dispersed Ru single-sites exhibited outstanding catalytic activity toward the N-formylation of diverse amines with CO_(2).Besides excellent turnover number(TON,5×10^(5))and turnover frequency(TOF,5592 h-1),the obtained formamides were readily hydrogenated to methanol with the same catalyst.Consequently,an amine-assisted direct hydrogenation system of CO_(2)to methanol was established by POMPs with higher activity and TON(1.46×10^(4))than their molecular precursors,shedding light on the direct valorization of CO_(2)and carbon neutral recycling.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21474061)The Innovation Fund (No. IFPM2016B004) of Shanghai Jiao Tong University & Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus are appreciated
文摘We developed one-pot photoreduction strategy to prepare near infrared light(NIR)-absorbing plasmonic gold nanoparticles(Au NPs) tethered by amphiphilic polypeptide copolymer poly(L-cysteine)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)(PLC-b-PEO). The PLC-b-PEO@Au NPs possessed strong NIR absorption at 700–1100 nm and ultrahigh photothermal conversion efficiency of 62.1%. Upon the NIR irradiation(808nm,2 W/cm^2,5 min), the PLC-b-PEO@Au NPs(1mg/mL) sharply attained an elevation of 30.8℃ and the hyperthermia effect could efficiently kill cancer cells in vitro. As for the PT-CT treatment, the doxorubicin(DOX)-loaded nanoparticles of DOX-PLC-b-PEO@Au NPs gave a combination index of 0.9 compared to single chemotherapy(CT) or photothermal therapy(PT), demonstrating a synergistic effect.
基金jointly supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2016YFC0600405)the National Natural Foundation of China (Nos. 41425011, 41262004)
文摘The Early Cretaceous Houyaoyu granite porphyries are located in the south margin of the North China Craton. Field observations, petrography, geochronology, major and trace elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions are reported to elucidate the genesis of the Houyaoyu granite porphyries. SIMS zircon U-Pb analyses for the Houyaoyu granite porphyries yield two concordant ages of 133.2± 2.3(2σ) and 131± 1.1(2σ) Ma, respectively. Major and trace elemental compositions indicate that these porphyries are high-K I-type granites with high contents of Si O2, K2 O, Rb, U, Pb, low Nb, Ta, Ti, and P. Initial 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios range from 0.708 3 to 0.709 7, and εNd(t) values range from-9.13 to-12.3, with corresponding two-stage depleted-mantle Nd model ages(T2 DM) varying from 1.57 to 1.91 Ga. This suggests that the Houyaoyu granite porphyries were predominantly derived from ancient lower continental crust, with minor involvement of mantle-derived components. On the basis of the tectonic evolution of the Qinling Orogen and geochemical characteristics of the Houyaoyu granite porphyries, it is proposed that they were formed in an extensional tectonic setting related to lithospheric destruction of the North China Craton, and produced Mo and Pb-Zn mineralization in East Qinling Orogen.
基金financially supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0100201,2016YFD0100500,2016YFD0100300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2027,31971899,31971968,32070274)+7 种基金Hundred-thousand and million project of“Heilongjiang province for engineering and technology science”soybean breeding technology innovation and new cultivar breeding(2019ZX16B01)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang(ZD2020C007)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M661243)Postdoctoral Project of Northeast Agricultural University(NEAUBH-19002)International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Council(20180004)Heilongjiang Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(JC2016004,JC2017006)Dongnongxue zhe Project(to Chen Qingshan)Backbone of Young Talent Scholar Project(to Qi Zhaoming,18XG01)of Northeast Agricultural University。
文摘There is growing interest in expanding the production of soybean oils(mainly triacylglycerol, or TAG) to meet rising feed demand and address global energy concerns. We report that a plastidlocalized glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GPDH), encoded by GmGPDHp1 gene, catalyzes the formation of glycerol-3-phosphate(G3 P), an obligate substrate required for TAG biosynthesis.Overexpression of GmGPDHp1 increases soybean seed oil content with high levels of unsaturated fatty acids(FAs), especially oleic acid(C18:1), without detectably affecting growth or seed protein content or seed weight. Based on the lipidomic analyses, we found that the increase in G3 P content led to an elevated diacylglycerol(DAG) pool, in which the Kennedy pathwayderived DAG was mostly increased, followed by PC-derived DAG, thereby promoting the synthesis of TAG containing relatively high proportion of C18:1. The increased G3 P levels induced several transcriptional alterations of genes involved in the glycerolipid pathways. In particular, genes encoding the enzymes responsible for de novo glycerolipid synthesis were largely upregulated in the transgenic lines, in-line with the identified biochemical phenotype. These results reveal a key role for GmGPDHp1-mediated G3 P metabolism in enhancing TAG synthesis and demonstrate a strategy to modify the FA compositions of soybean oils for improved nutrition and biofuel.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11721505,11875245)the U.S.National Science Foundation(PHY-2013791)。
文摘We investigate the parton distribution function(PDF)uncertainty in the measurement of the effective weak mixing angle sin2θ^(l)_(eff)at the CERN Large Hadron Collider(LHC).The PDF-induced uncertainty is large in proton-proton collisions at the LHC due to the dilution effect.The measurement of the Drell-Yan forward-backward asymmetry(ApB)at the LHC can be used to reduce the PDF uncertainty in the sin2θ^(l)_(eff)measurement.However,when including the full mass range of lepton pairs in the AFB data analysis,the correlation between the PDF updating procedure and the sin2θ^(l)_(eff) extraction leads to a sizable bias in the obtained sin2θ^(l)_(eff)value.From our studies,we find that the bias can be significantly reduced by removing Drell-Yan events with invariant mass around the Z-pole region,while most of the sensitivity in reducing the PDF uncertainty remains.Furthermore,the lepton charge asymmetry in the^boson events as a function of the rapidity of the charged leptons,A±(ηl),is known to be another observable which can be used to reduce the PDF uncertainty in the sin2θ^(l)_(eff)measurement.The constraint from A±(ηl)is complementary to that from AFB,and thus no bias affects the sin2θ^(l)_(eff)extraction.The studies are performed using the error PDF Updating Method Package(ePump),which is based on Hessian updating methods.In this article,the CT14HERA2 PDF set is used as an example.
