Correlation-coefficient fields are widely used in short-term climate prediction research. The most frequently used significance test method for the correlation-coefficient field was proposed by Livezey, in which the n...Correlation-coefficient fields are widely used in short-term climate prediction research. The most frequently used significance test method for the correlation-coefficient field was proposed by Livezey, in which the number of significantcorrelation lattice(station) points on the correlation coherence map is used as the statistic. However, the method is based on two assumptions:(1) the spatial distribution of the lattice(station) points is uniform;and(2) there is no correlation between the physical quantities in the correlation-coefficient field. However, in reality, the above two assumptions are not valid.Therefore, we designed a more reasonable method for significance testing of the correlation-coefficient field. Specifically, a new statistic, the significant-correlation area, is introduced to eliminate the inhomogeneity of the grid(station)-point distribution, and an empirical Monte Carlo method is employed to eliminate the spatial correlation of the matrix.Subsequently, the new significance test was used for simultaneous correlation-coefficient fields between intensities of the atmospheric activity center in the Northern Hemisphere and temperature/precipitation in China. The results show that the new method is more reasonable than the Livezey method.展开更多
Purpose:To investigate the role of N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)RNA modification in the pathogenesis of Graves'ophthalmopathy(GO).Methods:Surgically excised extraocular muscles from 7 patients with GO and 5 subjects ...Purpose:To investigate the role of N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)RNA modification in the pathogenesis of Graves'ophthalmopathy(GO).Methods:Surgically excised extraocular muscles from 7 patients with GO and 5 subjects without GO were used.The global m^(6)A levels in the specimens were determined using an m^(6)A RNA methylation quantification kit.RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)was used to analyze the molecules involved in the regulation of m^(6)A RNA methylation and the differential expression of mRNAs between the two groups(4 eyes,respectively).The expression of m^(6)A RNA modification genes was evaluated by real-time PCR.The functional implications of the gene alterations between the GO and control specimens were determined by Gene Ontology analysis.Results:The m^(6)A level was significantly increased in the specimens of GO patients compared to the control specimens(P<0.05).The expression of m^(6)A methylation regulators,such as WT1 associated protein(WTAP),alkylation repair homolog protein 5(ALKBH5),E74 like ETS transcription factor 3(ELF3),YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2(YTHDF2),YTHDF3 and YTH domain containing 2(YTHDC2),was significantly upregulated(P<0.05).Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that the most highly upregulated genes and biological pathways were related to the immune response and inflammatory processes such as lymphocyte activation,leukocyte differentiation,cytokine production and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways.Conclusions:Our results suggest that m^(6)A methylation may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of GO and that targeting genes that regulate m^(6)A methylation may provide a new therapeutic approach for GO.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC1505602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41705055 and 41505088)+2 种基金the Project of Scientific Creation of Post-Graduates of Jiangsu(Grant No.CXZZ12_0485)the Creative Teams of Jiangsu Qinglan Projectthe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Correlation-coefficient fields are widely used in short-term climate prediction research. The most frequently used significance test method for the correlation-coefficient field was proposed by Livezey, in which the number of significantcorrelation lattice(station) points on the correlation coherence map is used as the statistic. However, the method is based on two assumptions:(1) the spatial distribution of the lattice(station) points is uniform;and(2) there is no correlation between the physical quantities in the correlation-coefficient field. However, in reality, the above two assumptions are not valid.Therefore, we designed a more reasonable method for significance testing of the correlation-coefficient field. Specifically, a new statistic, the significant-correlation area, is introduced to eliminate the inhomogeneity of the grid(station)-point distribution, and an empirical Monte Carlo method is employed to eliminate the spatial correlation of the matrix.Subsequently, the new significance test was used for simultaneous correlation-coefficient fields between intensities of the atmospheric activity center in the Northern Hemisphere and temperature/precipitation in China. The results show that the new method is more reasonable than the Livezey method.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.81770943 and 81873681)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Capital Char-acteristic Clinic Applied Research Project,Z161100000516037).
文摘Purpose:To investigate the role of N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)RNA modification in the pathogenesis of Graves'ophthalmopathy(GO).Methods:Surgically excised extraocular muscles from 7 patients with GO and 5 subjects without GO were used.The global m^(6)A levels in the specimens were determined using an m^(6)A RNA methylation quantification kit.RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)was used to analyze the molecules involved in the regulation of m^(6)A RNA methylation and the differential expression of mRNAs between the two groups(4 eyes,respectively).The expression of m^(6)A RNA modification genes was evaluated by real-time PCR.The functional implications of the gene alterations between the GO and control specimens were determined by Gene Ontology analysis.Results:The m^(6)A level was significantly increased in the specimens of GO patients compared to the control specimens(P<0.05).The expression of m^(6)A methylation regulators,such as WT1 associated protein(WTAP),alkylation repair homolog protein 5(ALKBH5),E74 like ETS transcription factor 3(ELF3),YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2(YTHDF2),YTHDF3 and YTH domain containing 2(YTHDC2),was significantly upregulated(P<0.05).Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that the most highly upregulated genes and biological pathways were related to the immune response and inflammatory processes such as lymphocyte activation,leukocyte differentiation,cytokine production and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways.Conclusions:Our results suggest that m^(6)A methylation may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of GO and that targeting genes that regulate m^(6)A methylation may provide a new therapeutic approach for GO.
