Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a complicated,globally expanding disease that is influenced by hereditary and environmental variables.Changes in modern society’s food choices,physical inactivity,and obesity are significant f...Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a complicated,globally expanding disease that is influenced by hereditary and environmental variables.Changes in modern society’s food choices,physical inactivity,and obesity are significant factors in the development of type 2 DM(T2DM).The association between changes in intestinal flora and numerous disorders,including obesity,diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases,has been studied in recent years.The purpose of this review is to analyze the mechanisms underlying the alteration of the diabetic patients’intestinal flora,as well as their therapeutic choices.Also included is a summary of the antidiabetic benefits of natural compounds demonstrated by studies.The short-chain fatty acids theory,the bile acid theory,and the endotoxin theory are all potential methods by which intestinal flora contributes to the establishment and progression of T2DM.Due to an intestinal flora imbalance,abnormalities in shortchain fatty acids and secondary bile acids have been found in diabetic patients.Additionally,metabolic endotoxemia with altering flora induces a systemic inflammatory response by stimulating the immune system via bacterial translocation.The agenda for diabetes treatment includes the use of short-chain fatty acids,probiotics,prebiotics in the diet,fecal bacteria transplantation,and antibiotics.Animal studies have proven the antidiabetic benefits of numerous bioactive substances,including Flavonoids,Alkaloids,Saponin,and Allicin.However,further research is required to contribute to the treatment of diabetes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(HAE)is a serious zoonotic infection that affects humans.It may have a tumor-like appearance at times.Percutaneous treatment of HAE patients is extremely relaxing for them.HAE...BACKGROUND Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(HAE)is a serious zoonotic infection that affects humans.It may have a tumor-like appearance at times.Percutaneous treatment of HAE patients is extremely relaxing for them.HAE is a significant human zoonotic infection caused by the fox tapeworm Echinococcus Multilocularis larvae.It possesses the characteristics of an invasive tumor-like lesion due to its infiltrative growth pattern and protracted incubation period.The disease is endemic over central Europe,Asia,and North America.AIM To characterize HAE patients who were treated percutaneously,their outcomes,and the major technical features of percutaneous treatment in HAE.METHODS Patients who were treated with percutaneous cyst drainage and/or percutaneous biliary drainage were included in the study.Uncorrected abnormal coagulation values and solid or non-infected HAE with minor necrotic change were excluded.RESULTS Thirty-two patients underwent percutaneous cyst drainage,two patients underwent percutaneous biliary drainage,and four patients underwent percutaneous biliary drainage alone.Interventional radiology is utilized to drain echinococcal necrosis and abscesses within/without the liver,as well as diseased and clogged bile ducts.CONCLUSION Percutaneous drainage of cyst contents and/or biliary channels using a minimally invasive technique is a very beneficial.Percutaneous cyst drainage with albendazole therapy improves quality of life in patients who are unable to undergo surgery,even when the mass resolves with long-term treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND No study on dual energy computed tomography(DECT)has been found in the literature to evaluate possibly fatal cardiac/myocardial problems in corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients.Myocardial perfusion d...BACKGROUND No study on dual energy computed tomography(DECT)has been found in the literature to evaluate possibly fatal cardiac/myocardial problems in corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients.Myocardial perfusion deficits can be found in COVID-19 patients even without any significant coronary artery occlusion,and these deficits can be shown via DECT with a perfect interrater agreement.AIM To assess lung perfusion alterations in COVID-19 patients.To our knowledge,no study using DECT has been performed to evaluate possibly fatal cardiac/myocardial problems in COVID-19 patients.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of DECT in the detection of COVID-19-related cardiac diseases.METHODS Two blinded independent examiners evaluated CT images using the 17-segment model according to the American Heart Association’s classification of the segmentation of the left ventricular myocardium.Additionally,intraluminal diseases and abnormalities in the main coronary arteries and branches were investigated.Following segment-by-segment analysis,perfusion deficiencies identified on the iodine map pictures on DECT were identified.RESULTS The study enrolled a total of 87 patients.Forty-two of these individuals were classified as COVID-19 positive,and 45 were classified as controls.Perfusion deficits were identified in 66.6%(n=30)of the cases.All control patients had a normal iodine distribution map.Perfusion deficits were found on DECT iodine map images with subepicardial(n=12,40%),intramyocardial(n=8,26.6%),or transmural(n=10,33.3%)anatomical locations within the left ventricular wall.There was no subendocardial involvement in any of the patients.CONCLUSION Myocardial perfusion deficits can be found in COVID-19 patients even without any significant coronary artery occlusion.These deficits can be shown via DECT with a perfect interrater agreement.Additionally,the presence of perfusion deficit is positively correlated with D-dimer levels.展开更多
We read with interest the review by Teng et al,who summarized the current approach to the diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis(AA).Also,the article summarizes the clinical scoring systems very effectively.In ...We read with interest the review by Teng et al,who summarized the current approach to the diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis(AA).Also,the article summarizes the clinical scoring systems very effectively.In one of the previous studies conducted by our research group,we showed that the use of the Alvarado score,ultrasound and C-reactive protein values in combination provides a safe confirmation or exclusion of the diagnosis of AA.Computed tomography is particularly sensitive in detecting periappendiceal abscess,peritonitis and gangrenous changes.Computed tomography is not a good diagnostic tool in pediatric patients because of the ionizing radiation it produces.Ultrasound is a valuable diagnostic tool to differentiate AA from lymphoid hyperplasia.Presence of fluid collection in the periappendiceal and lamina propria thickness less than 1 mm are the most effective parameters in differentiating appendicitis from lymphoid hyperplasia.Although AA is the most common cause of surgical acute abdomen,it remains an important diagnostic and clinical challenge.By combining clinical scoring systems,laboratory data and appropriate imaging methods,diagnostic accuracy and adherence to treatment can be increased.Lymphoid hyperplasia and perforated appendicitis present significant diagnostic challenges in children.Additional ultrasound findings are increasingly defined to differentiate AA from these conditions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Total exposure to ionizing radiation has nearly doubled in the last two decades.This increase is primarily due to increased computed tomography(CT)exposure.Concerns have been raised about the risks associat...BACKGROUND Total exposure to ionizing radiation has nearly doubled in the last two decades.This increase is primarily due to increased computed tomography(CT)exposure.Concerns have been raised about the risks associated with patients'exposure to medical imaging radiation,which can increase a person's lifetime risk of developing cancer.Preventing unnecessary examinations becomes critical at this point.To avoid unnecessary examinations,it is necessary to understand the demanding process.AIM To ascertain clinicians'awareness of and reasons for requesting a CT examination.METHODS We developed an online questionnaire that included 20 questions about clinicians'awareness of radiation safety and their reasons for requesting a CT examination,as well as demographic information such as age,gender,and year of medical practice experience.Additionally,we asked participants the number of CT scans requested in a month,the patients'questions and approaches about the imaging method,the effect of the patient's previous imaging history on the current imaging request,whether they believed that they had sufficient information about radiation doses,and whether they requested CT without an indication.We administered the questionnaire to clinicians from a variety of different professions in four different cities.RESULTS A total of 195 clinicians participated.Internal medicine specialists were the most crowded group(38/195,19.5%).Mean age of the population was 33.66±5.92 years.Mean year of experience was 9.01±5.96.Mean number of requested CT scans in a month was 36.88±5.86.Forty-five(23.1%)participants stated that they requested CT scans without clinical indication.The most common reasons for CT scan requests were work load,fear of malpractice,and patient demand/insistence.CONCLUSION CT scan requests are influenced by a variety of factors,both internal and external to the doctors and patients.Raising awareness of radiation safety and reducing fear of malpractice by limiting the number of patients per physician may result in a reduction in unnecessary CT examinations and ionizing radiation exposure.展开更多
Today,in parallel with the use of imaging modalities increases in all fields,the use of imaging methods in pregnant women is increasing.Imaging has become an integral component of routine pregnancy follow-up.Imaging p...Today,in parallel with the use of imaging modalities increases in all fields,the use of imaging methods in pregnant women is increasing.Imaging has become an integral component of routine pregnancy follow-up.Imaging provides parents with an early opportunity to learn about the current situation,including prenatal detection of anomalies or diseases,etiology,prognosis,and the availability of prenatal or postnatal treatments.Various imaging modalities,especially ultrasonography,are frequently used for imaging both maternal and fetal imaging.The goal of this review was to address imaging modalities in terms of usefulness and safety,as well as to provide demonstrative examples for disorders.And this review provides current information on selecting a safe imaging modality to evaluate the pregnant and the fetus,the safety of contrast medium use,and summarizes major pathological situations with demonstrative son-ographic images to assist radiologists and obstetricians in everyday practice.展开更多
The present letter to the editor is related to the study titled“Primary orbital monophasic synovial sarcoma with calcification:A case report”.Orbital synovial sarcoma is one of the rare intraorbital masses seen in a...The present letter to the editor is related to the study titled“Primary orbital monophasic synovial sarcoma with calcification:A case report”.Orbital synovial sarcoma is one of the rare intraorbital masses seen in adult and pediatric populations.Some case reports in the literature revealed that synovial sarcoma may contain calcifications.Therefore,it is important to make differential diagnosis among calcified orbital masses in childhood.展开更多
The present letter to the editor is related to the study titled,“Preoperational diagnosis and management of breast ductal carcinoma in situ arising within fibroadenoma:Two case reports.”Fibroadenoma is the most comm...The present letter to the editor is related to the study titled,“Preoperational diagnosis and management of breast ductal carcinoma in situ arising within fibroadenoma:Two case reports.”Fibroadenoma is the most common benign mass lesion in young females.Based on this study showing that malignancy can develop on fibroadenomas,we want to emphasize that careful sonographic follow-up of fibroadenomas should be done and that each lesion should be followed carefully and separately in cases with multiple fibroadenomas.Additionally,we want to emphasize the critical role of sonographic examination in diagnosing fibroadenoma,the importance of correctly defining benign and malignant sonographic findings,and which lesions should be followed up sonographically and which lesions should be evaluated histopathologically.展开更多
The present letter to the editor is related to the study titled "Gallstone associatedceliac trunk thromboembolisms complicated with splenic infarction: A casereport". Although gallstones are relatively commo...The present letter to the editor is related to the study titled "Gallstone associatedceliac trunk thromboembolisms complicated with splenic infarction: A casereport". Although gallstones are relatively common diseases, its association withthromboembolism is not fully understood. We aim to emphasize the potentialmechanism of this relationship in this letter. In addition, we wanted to contributeto the causes of the spleen infarction and celiac trunk pathologies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)with multiparametric dynamic contrast plays a critical role in the assessment of breast lesions.Dynamic curves are a critical parameter in determining the benign or malignant ...BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)with multiparametric dynamic contrast plays a critical role in the assessment of breast lesions.Dynamic curves are a critical parameter in determining the benign or malignant nature of lesions.Dynamic curves of type 1 are known to represent benign masses,while dynamic curves of type 3 are known to identify malignant masses.Type 2 dynamic curves have a sensitivity of 42.6%and specificity of 75%for malignancy detection.AIM To investigate the pathological diagnosis of lesions with type 2 dynamic curves.METHODS We evaluated breast MRI examinations performed between 2020 and 2021 retrospectively and included lesions with type 2 dynamic curves.We included 38 lesions from 33 patients.The lesions were evaluated for their pathological diagnosis and morphological characteristics.RESULTS Twenty-six lesions were malignant,while twelve were benign.The most frequently encountered benign lesion(7/12,58.3%)was sclerosing adenosis,while the most frequently encountered malignant diagnosis was invasive ductal cancer.The presence of a type 2 dynamic curve had a sensitivity of 40.2%and specificity of 73.4%for predicting malignancy.By combining type 2 curves and morphological features,the sensitivity and specificity were increased.CONCLUSION The high rates of malignancy detected histopathologically among patients with type 2 dynamic curves in our study are remarkable.Type 2 dynamic curves can be detected in benign breast masses,especially in sclerosing adenosis cases.Considering morphological features can increase the diagnostic accuracy in cases with type 2 dynamic curves.展开更多
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to define clinical evidence supporting that triple ruleout computed tomography angiography(TRO CTA)is a comprehensive and feasible diagnostic tool in patients with novel coronaviru...BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to define clinical evidence supporting that triple ruleout computed tomography angiography(TRO CTA)is a comprehensive and feasible diagnostic tool in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)who were admitted to the emergency department(ED)for acute chest pain.Optimizing diagnostic imaging strategies in COVID-19 related thromboembolic events,will help for rapid and noninvasive diagnoses and results will be effective for patients and healthcare systems in all aspects.AIM To define clinical evidence supporting that TRO CTA is a comprehensive and feasible diagnostic tool in COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the ED for acute chest pain,and to assess outcomes of optimizing diagnostic imaging strategies,particularly TRO CTA use,in COVID-19 related thromboembolic events.METHODS TRO CTA images were evaluated for the presence of coronary artery disease,pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE),or acute aortic syndromes.Statistical analyses were used for evaluation of significant association between the variables.A two tailed P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS Fifty-three patients were included into the study.In 31 patients(65.9%),there was not any pathology,while PTE was diagnosed in 11 patients.There was no significant relationship between the rates of pathology on CTA and history of hypertension.On the other hand,the diabetes mellitus rate was much higher in the acute coronary syndrome group,particularly in the PTE group(8/31=25.8%vs 6/16=37.5%,P=0.001).The rate of dyslipidemia was significantly higher in the group with pathology on CTA while compared to those without pathology apart from imaging findings of the pneumonia group(62.5%vs 38.7%,P<0.001).Smoking history rates were similar in the groups.Platelets,D-dimer,fibrinogen,C-reactive protein,and erythrocyte sedimentation rate values were higher in COVID-19 cases with additional pathologies.CONCLUSION TRO CTA is an effective imaging method in evaluation of all thoracic vascular systems at once and gives accurate results in COVID-19 patients.展开更多
Rifampicin is a promising drug for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 based on its antiviral properties and recent in silico studies.In silico studies can serve as a foundation for further studies.
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in 2019.Although the real-time reverse transcription PCR test for viral nucleic acids is the gold ...BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in 2019.Although the real-time reverse transcription PCR test for viral nucleic acids is the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis,computed tomography(CT)has grown in importance.AIM To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of thoracic CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia according to age groups.METHODS PCR and CT results from 411 patients were reviewed.The diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia was made by three radiologists.Lymphadenopathy,pericardial effusion,pleurisy,pleural thickening,pleural effusion,location features of the lesions,ground glass,consolidation,air bronchogram,vascular enlargement,bronchial dilatation,halo finding,inverted halo sign,nodularity,air bubble,subpleural band(curvilinear density),reticular density,crazy paving pattern,and fibrosis findings were recorded.The patients were divided into nine groups by decades while calculating the sensitivity,specificity,and diagnostic efficacy for CT positivity.RESULTS The mean age of the cases was 48.1±22.7 years.The CT finding with the highest diagnostic power was ground glass.Vascular enlargement and bronchial dilatation followed ground glass.Pericardial effusion was the finding with the lowest diagnostic accuracy.The incidence of lymphadenopathy,pleurisy,pleural thickening,peripheral localization,bilateral,ground glass,vascular enlargement,bronchial dilatation,subpleural band,reticular density,crazy paving appearance,and fibrosis all increased increase significantly with age in patients with positive real-time reverse transcription PCR test.CONCLUSION There are few publications comparing sensitivity and specificity of thoracic CT findings according to age.In cases of COVID-19 pneumonia,there is an increase in the variety and frequency of CT findings with age,and parallel to this the sensitivity and specificity of the findings increase.COVID-19 cases in the pediatric age group have fewer lung findings than adults,and this situation decreases the diagnostic value of CT in pediatric patients.展开更多
文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a complicated,globally expanding disease that is influenced by hereditary and environmental variables.Changes in modern society’s food choices,physical inactivity,and obesity are significant factors in the development of type 2 DM(T2DM).The association between changes in intestinal flora and numerous disorders,including obesity,diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases,has been studied in recent years.The purpose of this review is to analyze the mechanisms underlying the alteration of the diabetic patients’intestinal flora,as well as their therapeutic choices.Also included is a summary of the antidiabetic benefits of natural compounds demonstrated by studies.The short-chain fatty acids theory,the bile acid theory,and the endotoxin theory are all potential methods by which intestinal flora contributes to the establishment and progression of T2DM.Due to an intestinal flora imbalance,abnormalities in shortchain fatty acids and secondary bile acids have been found in diabetic patients.Additionally,metabolic endotoxemia with altering flora induces a systemic inflammatory response by stimulating the immune system via bacterial translocation.The agenda for diabetes treatment includes the use of short-chain fatty acids,probiotics,prebiotics in the diet,fecal bacteria transplantation,and antibiotics.Animal studies have proven the antidiabetic benefits of numerous bioactive substances,including Flavonoids,Alkaloids,Saponin,and Allicin.However,further research is required to contribute to the treatment of diabetes.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(HAE)is a serious zoonotic infection that affects humans.It may have a tumor-like appearance at times.Percutaneous treatment of HAE patients is extremely relaxing for them.HAE is a significant human zoonotic infection caused by the fox tapeworm Echinococcus Multilocularis larvae.It possesses the characteristics of an invasive tumor-like lesion due to its infiltrative growth pattern and protracted incubation period.The disease is endemic over central Europe,Asia,and North America.AIM To characterize HAE patients who were treated percutaneously,their outcomes,and the major technical features of percutaneous treatment in HAE.METHODS Patients who were treated with percutaneous cyst drainage and/or percutaneous biliary drainage were included in the study.Uncorrected abnormal coagulation values and solid or non-infected HAE with minor necrotic change were excluded.RESULTS Thirty-two patients underwent percutaneous cyst drainage,two patients underwent percutaneous biliary drainage,and four patients underwent percutaneous biliary drainage alone.Interventional radiology is utilized to drain echinococcal necrosis and abscesses within/without the liver,as well as diseased and clogged bile ducts.CONCLUSION Percutaneous drainage of cyst contents and/or biliary channels using a minimally invasive technique is a very beneficial.Percutaneous cyst drainage with albendazole therapy improves quality of life in patients who are unable to undergo surgery,even when the mass resolves with long-term treatment.
文摘BACKGROUND No study on dual energy computed tomography(DECT)has been found in the literature to evaluate possibly fatal cardiac/myocardial problems in corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients.Myocardial perfusion deficits can be found in COVID-19 patients even without any significant coronary artery occlusion,and these deficits can be shown via DECT with a perfect interrater agreement.AIM To assess lung perfusion alterations in COVID-19 patients.To our knowledge,no study using DECT has been performed to evaluate possibly fatal cardiac/myocardial problems in COVID-19 patients.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of DECT in the detection of COVID-19-related cardiac diseases.METHODS Two blinded independent examiners evaluated CT images using the 17-segment model according to the American Heart Association’s classification of the segmentation of the left ventricular myocardium.Additionally,intraluminal diseases and abnormalities in the main coronary arteries and branches were investigated.Following segment-by-segment analysis,perfusion deficiencies identified on the iodine map pictures on DECT were identified.RESULTS The study enrolled a total of 87 patients.Forty-two of these individuals were classified as COVID-19 positive,and 45 were classified as controls.Perfusion deficits were identified in 66.6%(n=30)of the cases.All control patients had a normal iodine distribution map.Perfusion deficits were found on DECT iodine map images with subepicardial(n=12,40%),intramyocardial(n=8,26.6%),or transmural(n=10,33.3%)anatomical locations within the left ventricular wall.There was no subendocardial involvement in any of the patients.CONCLUSION Myocardial perfusion deficits can be found in COVID-19 patients even without any significant coronary artery occlusion.These deficits can be shown via DECT with a perfect interrater agreement.Additionally,the presence of perfusion deficit is positively correlated with D-dimer levels.
文摘We read with interest the review by Teng et al,who summarized the current approach to the diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis(AA).Also,the article summarizes the clinical scoring systems very effectively.In one of the previous studies conducted by our research group,we showed that the use of the Alvarado score,ultrasound and C-reactive protein values in combination provides a safe confirmation or exclusion of the diagnosis of AA.Computed tomography is particularly sensitive in detecting periappendiceal abscess,peritonitis and gangrenous changes.Computed tomography is not a good diagnostic tool in pediatric patients because of the ionizing radiation it produces.Ultrasound is a valuable diagnostic tool to differentiate AA from lymphoid hyperplasia.Presence of fluid collection in the periappendiceal and lamina propria thickness less than 1 mm are the most effective parameters in differentiating appendicitis from lymphoid hyperplasia.Although AA is the most common cause of surgical acute abdomen,it remains an important diagnostic and clinical challenge.By combining clinical scoring systems,laboratory data and appropriate imaging methods,diagnostic accuracy and adherence to treatment can be increased.Lymphoid hyperplasia and perforated appendicitis present significant diagnostic challenges in children.Additional ultrasound findings are increasingly defined to differentiate AA from these conditions.
文摘BACKGROUND Total exposure to ionizing radiation has nearly doubled in the last two decades.This increase is primarily due to increased computed tomography(CT)exposure.Concerns have been raised about the risks associated with patients'exposure to medical imaging radiation,which can increase a person's lifetime risk of developing cancer.Preventing unnecessary examinations becomes critical at this point.To avoid unnecessary examinations,it is necessary to understand the demanding process.AIM To ascertain clinicians'awareness of and reasons for requesting a CT examination.METHODS We developed an online questionnaire that included 20 questions about clinicians'awareness of radiation safety and their reasons for requesting a CT examination,as well as demographic information such as age,gender,and year of medical practice experience.Additionally,we asked participants the number of CT scans requested in a month,the patients'questions and approaches about the imaging method,the effect of the patient's previous imaging history on the current imaging request,whether they believed that they had sufficient information about radiation doses,and whether they requested CT without an indication.We administered the questionnaire to clinicians from a variety of different professions in four different cities.RESULTS A total of 195 clinicians participated.Internal medicine specialists were the most crowded group(38/195,19.5%).Mean age of the population was 33.66±5.92 years.Mean year of experience was 9.01±5.96.Mean number of requested CT scans in a month was 36.88±5.86.Forty-five(23.1%)participants stated that they requested CT scans without clinical indication.The most common reasons for CT scan requests were work load,fear of malpractice,and patient demand/insistence.CONCLUSION CT scan requests are influenced by a variety of factors,both internal and external to the doctors and patients.Raising awareness of radiation safety and reducing fear of malpractice by limiting the number of patients per physician may result in a reduction in unnecessary CT examinations and ionizing radiation exposure.
文摘Today,in parallel with the use of imaging modalities increases in all fields,the use of imaging methods in pregnant women is increasing.Imaging has become an integral component of routine pregnancy follow-up.Imaging provides parents with an early opportunity to learn about the current situation,including prenatal detection of anomalies or diseases,etiology,prognosis,and the availability of prenatal or postnatal treatments.Various imaging modalities,especially ultrasonography,are frequently used for imaging both maternal and fetal imaging.The goal of this review was to address imaging modalities in terms of usefulness and safety,as well as to provide demonstrative examples for disorders.And this review provides current information on selecting a safe imaging modality to evaluate the pregnant and the fetus,the safety of contrast medium use,and summarizes major pathological situations with demonstrative son-ographic images to assist radiologists and obstetricians in everyday practice.
文摘The present letter to the editor is related to the study titled“Primary orbital monophasic synovial sarcoma with calcification:A case report”.Orbital synovial sarcoma is one of the rare intraorbital masses seen in adult and pediatric populations.Some case reports in the literature revealed that synovial sarcoma may contain calcifications.Therefore,it is important to make differential diagnosis among calcified orbital masses in childhood.
文摘The present letter to the editor is related to the study titled,“Preoperational diagnosis and management of breast ductal carcinoma in situ arising within fibroadenoma:Two case reports.”Fibroadenoma is the most common benign mass lesion in young females.Based on this study showing that malignancy can develop on fibroadenomas,we want to emphasize that careful sonographic follow-up of fibroadenomas should be done and that each lesion should be followed carefully and separately in cases with multiple fibroadenomas.Additionally,we want to emphasize the critical role of sonographic examination in diagnosing fibroadenoma,the importance of correctly defining benign and malignant sonographic findings,and which lesions should be followed up sonographically and which lesions should be evaluated histopathologically.
文摘The present letter to the editor is related to the study titled "Gallstone associatedceliac trunk thromboembolisms complicated with splenic infarction: A casereport". Although gallstones are relatively common diseases, its association withthromboembolism is not fully understood. We aim to emphasize the potentialmechanism of this relationship in this letter. In addition, we wanted to contributeto the causes of the spleen infarction and celiac trunk pathologies.
文摘BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)with multiparametric dynamic contrast plays a critical role in the assessment of breast lesions.Dynamic curves are a critical parameter in determining the benign or malignant nature of lesions.Dynamic curves of type 1 are known to represent benign masses,while dynamic curves of type 3 are known to identify malignant masses.Type 2 dynamic curves have a sensitivity of 42.6%and specificity of 75%for malignancy detection.AIM To investigate the pathological diagnosis of lesions with type 2 dynamic curves.METHODS We evaluated breast MRI examinations performed between 2020 and 2021 retrospectively and included lesions with type 2 dynamic curves.We included 38 lesions from 33 patients.The lesions were evaluated for their pathological diagnosis and morphological characteristics.RESULTS Twenty-six lesions were malignant,while twelve were benign.The most frequently encountered benign lesion(7/12,58.3%)was sclerosing adenosis,while the most frequently encountered malignant diagnosis was invasive ductal cancer.The presence of a type 2 dynamic curve had a sensitivity of 40.2%and specificity of 73.4%for predicting malignancy.By combining type 2 curves and morphological features,the sensitivity and specificity were increased.CONCLUSION The high rates of malignancy detected histopathologically among patients with type 2 dynamic curves in our study are remarkable.Type 2 dynamic curves can be detected in benign breast masses,especially in sclerosing adenosis cases.Considering morphological features can increase the diagnostic accuracy in cases with type 2 dynamic curves.
文摘BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to define clinical evidence supporting that triple ruleout computed tomography angiography(TRO CTA)is a comprehensive and feasible diagnostic tool in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)who were admitted to the emergency department(ED)for acute chest pain.Optimizing diagnostic imaging strategies in COVID-19 related thromboembolic events,will help for rapid and noninvasive diagnoses and results will be effective for patients and healthcare systems in all aspects.AIM To define clinical evidence supporting that TRO CTA is a comprehensive and feasible diagnostic tool in COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the ED for acute chest pain,and to assess outcomes of optimizing diagnostic imaging strategies,particularly TRO CTA use,in COVID-19 related thromboembolic events.METHODS TRO CTA images were evaluated for the presence of coronary artery disease,pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE),or acute aortic syndromes.Statistical analyses were used for evaluation of significant association between the variables.A two tailed P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS Fifty-three patients were included into the study.In 31 patients(65.9%),there was not any pathology,while PTE was diagnosed in 11 patients.There was no significant relationship between the rates of pathology on CTA and history of hypertension.On the other hand,the diabetes mellitus rate was much higher in the acute coronary syndrome group,particularly in the PTE group(8/31=25.8%vs 6/16=37.5%,P=0.001).The rate of dyslipidemia was significantly higher in the group with pathology on CTA while compared to those without pathology apart from imaging findings of the pneumonia group(62.5%vs 38.7%,P<0.001).Smoking history rates were similar in the groups.Platelets,D-dimer,fibrinogen,C-reactive protein,and erythrocyte sedimentation rate values were higher in COVID-19 cases with additional pathologies.CONCLUSION TRO CTA is an effective imaging method in evaluation of all thoracic vascular systems at once and gives accurate results in COVID-19 patients.
文摘Rifampicin is a promising drug for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 based on its antiviral properties and recent in silico studies.In silico studies can serve as a foundation for further studies.
文摘BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in 2019.Although the real-time reverse transcription PCR test for viral nucleic acids is the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis,computed tomography(CT)has grown in importance.AIM To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of thoracic CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia according to age groups.METHODS PCR and CT results from 411 patients were reviewed.The diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia was made by three radiologists.Lymphadenopathy,pericardial effusion,pleurisy,pleural thickening,pleural effusion,location features of the lesions,ground glass,consolidation,air bronchogram,vascular enlargement,bronchial dilatation,halo finding,inverted halo sign,nodularity,air bubble,subpleural band(curvilinear density),reticular density,crazy paving pattern,and fibrosis findings were recorded.The patients were divided into nine groups by decades while calculating the sensitivity,specificity,and diagnostic efficacy for CT positivity.RESULTS The mean age of the cases was 48.1±22.7 years.The CT finding with the highest diagnostic power was ground glass.Vascular enlargement and bronchial dilatation followed ground glass.Pericardial effusion was the finding with the lowest diagnostic accuracy.The incidence of lymphadenopathy,pleurisy,pleural thickening,peripheral localization,bilateral,ground glass,vascular enlargement,bronchial dilatation,subpleural band,reticular density,crazy paving appearance,and fibrosis all increased increase significantly with age in patients with positive real-time reverse transcription PCR test.CONCLUSION There are few publications comparing sensitivity and specificity of thoracic CT findings according to age.In cases of COVID-19 pneumonia,there is an increase in the variety and frequency of CT findings with age,and parallel to this the sensitivity and specificity of the findings increase.COVID-19 cases in the pediatric age group have fewer lung findings than adults,and this situation decreases the diagnostic value of CT in pediatric patients.
