Significant progress has been made in the exploration and development of unconventional gas resources in China since the beginning of the 21st century.With a rapid increase in yield,the exploration and development of ...Significant progress has been made in the exploration and development of unconventional gas resources in China since the beginning of the 21st century.With a rapid increase in yield,the exploration and development of shale gas have been upgraded to a level of national strategy.Logging is one of the core technologies in gas exploration and development.However,logging technologies face the challenges of complex geological conditions and well casing environment,high temperature,high pressure,and strong heterogeneity.Despite the rich experience accumulated,unified understanding and implementation specifications are yet to be established for shale gas well logging.Given the analysis and comparison of the effectiveness and adaptability of logging technologies at different stages of shale gas exploration and development for the Sichuan Basin,this study optimizes the log suite to meet the demand for highefficiency exploration and development of shale gas.According to the adaptability analysis of shale gas log suite,the mandatory logging items of exploratory wells should include caliper log(CAL),natural gamma ray spectrometry(NGS)log,spontaneous potential(SP)log,directional survey,borehole compensated sonic log,litho-density log(LDL),compensated neutron log(CNL),dual laterologmicrospherically focused log/dual induction-laterolog log/array induction log,temperature log,elemental capture spectroscopy(ECS)log,formation microimager(FMI)log,and array sonic log.The log suite of appraisal wells is almost the same as that for exploratory wells,excluding the ECS log and microresistivity scanning imaging.Meanwhile,for the logging of horizontal/highly-deviated holes,the log suite of vertical wells should be referred to according to specific well conditions.展开更多
Biochar is a reactive carrier as it may be partially gasified with steam in steam reforming,which could influence the formation of reaction intermediates and modify catalytic behaviors.Herein,the Ni/biochar as well as...Biochar is a reactive carrier as it may be partially gasified with steam in steam reforming,which could influence the formation of reaction intermediates and modify catalytic behaviors.Herein,the Ni/biochar as well as two comparative catalysts,Ni/Al_(2)O_(3) and Ni/SiO_(2),with low nickel loading(2%(mass))was conducted to probe involvement of the varied carriers in the steam reforming.The results indicated that the Ni/biochar performed excellent catalytic activity than Ni/SiO_(2) and Ni/Al_(2)O_(3),as the biochar carrier facilitated quick conversion of the -OH from dissociation of steam to gasify the oxygen-rich carbonaceous intermediates like C=O and C-O-C,resulting in low coverage while high exposure of nickel species for maintaining the superior catalytic performance.In converse,strong adsorption of aliphatic intermediates over Ni/Al_(2)O_(3) and Ni/SiO_(2) induced serious coking with polymeric coke as the main type(21.5%and 32.1%,respectively),which was significantly higher than that over Ni/biochar(3.9%).The coke over Ni/biochar was mainly aromatic or catalytic type with nanotube morphology and high crystallinity.The high resistivity of Ni/biochar towards coking was due to the balance between formation of coke and gasification of coke and partially biochar with steam,which created developed mesopores in spent Ni/biochar while the coke blocked pores in Ni/Al_(2)O_(3) and Ni/SiO_(2) catalysts.展开更多
Development of pore structures of activated carbon(AC)from activation of biomass with ZnCl_(2) relies on content and structure of cellulose/hemicellulose in the feedstock.Thermal pretreatment of biomass could induce d...Development of pore structures of activated carbon(AC)from activation of biomass with ZnCl_(2) relies on content and structure of cellulose/hemicellulose in the feedstock.Thermal pretreatment of biomass could induce dehydration and/or aromatization to change the structure of cellulose/hemicellulose.This might interfere with evolution of structures of AC,which was investigated herein via thermal pretreatment of willow branch(WB)from 200 to 360℃and the subsequent activation with ZnCl_(2) at 550℃.The results showed that thermal pretreatment at 360℃(WB-360)could lead to substantial pyrolysis to form biochar,with a yield of 31.9%,accompanying with nearly complete destruction of cellulose crystals and remarkably enhanced aromatic degree.However,cellulose residual in WB-360 could still be activated to form AC-360 with specific surface area of 1837.9 m~2·g^(-1),which was lower than that in AC from activation of untreated WB(AC-blank,2077.8 m~2·g^(-1)).Nonetheless,the AC-200 from activation of WB-200 had more developed pores(2113.9 m~2·g^(-1))and superior capability for adsorption of phenol,due to increased permeability of ZnCl_(2) to the largely intact cellulose structure in WB-200.The thermal pretreatment did increase diameters of micropores of AC but reduced the overall yield of AC(26.8%for AC-blank versus 18.0%for AC-360),resulting from accelerated cracking but reduced intensity of condensation.In-situ infrared characterization of the activation showed that ZnCl_(2) mainly catalyzed dehydration,dehydrogenation,condensation,and aromatization but not cracking,suppressing the formation of derivatives of cellulose and lignin in bio-oil.The thermal pretreatment formed phenolic-OH and C=O with higher chemical innerness,which changed the reaction network in activation,shifting morphology of fibrous structures in AC-blank to“melting surface”in AC-200 or AC-280.展开更多
The Antarctic Bottom Water formation site Vincennes Bay,East Antarctica is experiencing a substantial intrusion of modified Circumpolar Deep Water(mCDW),which may inhibit the formation of Dense Shelf Water(DSW)and dri...The Antarctic Bottom Water formation site Vincennes Bay,East Antarctica is experiencing a substantial intrusion of modified Circumpolar Deep Water(mCDW),which may inhibit the formation of Dense Shelf Water(DSW)and drive basal melting of the ice shelves.Based on hydrographic data obtained from March to November in 2012,we evaluated the spatial spread of mCDW over the continental shelf region of Vincennes Bay and the associated temporal evolution of water properties,as well as the sea ice formation effect on water column in the coastal polynya.Results show that two branches of mCDW occupied the deep layers of the continental shelf,distinguished by the potential density(smaller than 27.8 kg/m^(3) or not)when potential temperatureθ=0.5°C in theθ-salinity space.The warmer and less dense branch observed on the east plateau,accessed the eastern ice shelves in the coastal polynya to drive basal melting of ice shelves.In contrast,the other colder and denser branch in the mid-depression reached the western Underwood Ice Shelf.DSW formation was detectable in the coastal polynya during September-November,proving the occurrence of deep convection.Surface heat loss and brine rejection during the intensive sea ice formation contributed to the destratification of the water column in the coastal polynya.It was estimated that at least 1.11±0.79 TW heat carried by mCDW into the inner part of the polynya.展开更多
In order to extract the richer feature information of ship targets from sea clutter, and address the high dimensional data problem, a method termed as multi-scale fusion kernel sparse preserving projection(MSFKSPP) ba...In order to extract the richer feature information of ship targets from sea clutter, and address the high dimensional data problem, a method termed as multi-scale fusion kernel sparse preserving projection(MSFKSPP) based on the maximum margin criterion(MMC) is proposed for recognizing the class of ship targets utilizing the high-resolution range profile(HRRP). Multi-scale fusion is introduced to capture the local and detailed information in small-scale features, and the global and contour information in large-scale features, offering help to extract the edge information from sea clutter and further improving the target recognition accuracy. The proposed method can maximally preserve the multi-scale fusion sparse of data and maximize the class separability in the reduced dimensionality by reproducing kernel Hilbert space. Experimental results on the measured radar data show that the proposed method can effectively extract the features of ship target from sea clutter, further reduce the feature dimensionality, and improve target recognition performance.展开更多
By the analysis of vulnerabilities of Android native system services,we find that some vulnerabilities are caused by inconsistent data transmission and inconsistent data processing logic between client and server.The ...By the analysis of vulnerabilities of Android native system services,we find that some vulnerabilities are caused by inconsistent data transmission and inconsistent data processing logic between client and server.The existing research cannot find the above two types of vulnerabilities and the test cases of them face the problem of low coverage.In this paper,we propose an extraction method of test cases based on the native system services of the client and design a case construction method that supports multi-parameter mutation based on genetic algorithm and priority strategy.Based on the above method,we implement a detection tool-BArcherFuzzer to detect vulnerabilities of Android native system services.The experiment results show that BArcherFuzzer found four vulnerabilities of hundreds of exception messages,all of them were confirmed by Google and one was assigned a Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures(CVE)number(CVE-2020-0363).展开更多
Evaluating the permeability and irreducible water saturation of tight sandstone reservoirs is challenging.This study uses distribution functions to fit measured NMR T_(2)distributions of tight sandstone reservoirs and...Evaluating the permeability and irreducible water saturation of tight sandstone reservoirs is challenging.This study uses distribution functions to fit measured NMR T_(2)distributions of tight sandstone reservoirs and extract parameters for characterizing pore size distribution.These parameters are then used to establish prediction models for permeability and irreducible water saturation of reservoirs.Results of comparing the fit of the T_(2)distributions by the Gauss and Weibull distribution functions show that the fitting accuracy with the Weibull distribution function is higher.The physical meaning of the statistical parameters of the Weibull distribution function is defined to establish nonlinear prediction models of permeability and irreducible water saturation using the radial basis function(RBF)method.Correlation coefficients between the predicted values by the established models and the measured values of the tight sandstone core samples are 0.944 for permeability and 0.851 for irreducible water saturation,which highlight the effectiveness of the prediction models.展开更多
Fracture porosity is one of the key parameters for characterizing fractured reservoirs.However,fracture porosity calculation is difficult with conventional logging data due to severe anisotropy of the reservoirs.To de...Fracture porosity is one of the key parameters for characterizing fractured reservoirs.However,fracture porosity calculation is difficult with conventional logging data due to severe anisotropy of the reservoirs.To deal with the problem,the equivalent macroscopic anisotropic formation model based on dual laterolog(DLL)data is adopted to cyclically assign such parameters as bedrock resistivity(RB),fluid resistivity in fractures(RFL),fracture dip angle(FDA)and fracture thickness as well as fracture spacing,and to produce massive data for formation modeling.A large number of training data obtained through three dimensional finite element forward modeling and the functional relationship between DLL responses and fracture parameters that are trained and summarized by deep neural network,are combined to establish a new fast forward model for calculating DLL responses in fractured formations.A new fracture porosity inversion model for fractured reservoirs based on gradient optimization inversion algorithm combined with multi-initial inversion strategy is then proposed.While running the model,formation is divided into eight intervals according to bedrock resistivity and fracture dip angle from 0°to 90°is divided every 0.5°to improve the operation speed and efficiency.The results of numerical verification show that when bedrock resistivity is greater than 1000Ωm,the mean absolute error(MAE)of fracture porosity inversion is 0.001658%for horizontal fractures,0.00413%for intermediate fractures and 0.0027%for quasi-vertical fractures.When bedrock resistivity is between 100Ωm and 1000Ωm,MAE of fracture porosity inversion is 0.003%for horizontal fractures,0.0034%for intermediate fractures and 0.00348%for quasi-vertical fractures.Fracture parameters determined by the fracture porosity inversion model with actual data are in good agreement with the results of micro resistivity imaging logging.展开更多
Free gas saturation is a key parameter for calculating shale gas reserves.The complex conductivity mechanism of shale reservoirs restricts the application of Archie's formula and its extended form for the evaluati...Free gas saturation is a key parameter for calculating shale gas reserves.The complex conductivity mechanism of shale reservoirs restricts the application of Archie's formula and its extended form for the evaluation of free gas saturation.Instead,a number of non-resistivity-based saturation evaluation methods suitable for shale gas reservoirs have been established,including core calibration(TOC method,clay content method),gas porosity cutoff,excavation effect and four-pore modeling.These methods,together with adsorbed phase porosity correction,are used to calculate the free gas saturation.These methods are applied to shale reservoirs of the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation and the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin,southwestern China to test their applicability and accuracy.The results,when compared with measured data from core samples,show that the TOC-based core calibration is more accurate in evaluating free gas saturation in the entire shale gas interval,which is of great significance to the calculation of shale gas reserves.展开更多
Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),encompassing diverse pathologies such as atherosclerosis,hypertension,cardiomyopathy,arrhythmia,and valvular diseases,represent a significant public health challenge,severely undermining ...Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),encompassing diverse pathologies such as atherosclerosis,hypertension,cardiomyopathy,arrhythmia,and valvular diseases,represent a significant public health challenge,severely undermining human health[1].According to the World Health Organization,CVDs claimed approximately 17.9 million deaths in 2019,representing 32%of all global deaths[2,3].The risk of CVDs morbidity and mortality increases with age,with the majority of CVDs and deaths occurring in elderly aged 75 years and older[4,5].In developed nations,CVDs are the principal cause of mortality,while in developing countries,they are a leading cause of death as well.展开更多
文摘Significant progress has been made in the exploration and development of unconventional gas resources in China since the beginning of the 21st century.With a rapid increase in yield,the exploration and development of shale gas have been upgraded to a level of national strategy.Logging is one of the core technologies in gas exploration and development.However,logging technologies face the challenges of complex geological conditions and well casing environment,high temperature,high pressure,and strong heterogeneity.Despite the rich experience accumulated,unified understanding and implementation specifications are yet to be established for shale gas well logging.Given the analysis and comparison of the effectiveness and adaptability of logging technologies at different stages of shale gas exploration and development for the Sichuan Basin,this study optimizes the log suite to meet the demand for highefficiency exploration and development of shale gas.According to the adaptability analysis of shale gas log suite,the mandatory logging items of exploratory wells should include caliper log(CAL),natural gamma ray spectrometry(NGS)log,spontaneous potential(SP)log,directional survey,borehole compensated sonic log,litho-density log(LDL),compensated neutron log(CNL),dual laterologmicrospherically focused log/dual induction-laterolog log/array induction log,temperature log,elemental capture spectroscopy(ECS)log,formation microimager(FMI)log,and array sonic log.The log suite of appraisal wells is almost the same as that for exploratory wells,excluding the ECS log and microresistivity scanning imaging.Meanwhile,for the logging of horizontal/highly-deviated holes,the log suite of vertical wells should be referred to according to specific well conditions.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51876080)the Program for Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province Government,the Agricultural Innovation Program of Shandong Province(SD2019NJ015)+1 种基金the Research and Development program of Shandong Basan Graphite New Material Plant,National Natural Science Foundation of China(52076097)Key projects for inter-governmental cooperation in international science,technology and innovation(2018YFE0127500).
文摘Biochar is a reactive carrier as it may be partially gasified with steam in steam reforming,which could influence the formation of reaction intermediates and modify catalytic behaviors.Herein,the Ni/biochar as well as two comparative catalysts,Ni/Al_(2)O_(3) and Ni/SiO_(2),with low nickel loading(2%(mass))was conducted to probe involvement of the varied carriers in the steam reforming.The results indicated that the Ni/biochar performed excellent catalytic activity than Ni/SiO_(2) and Ni/Al_(2)O_(3),as the biochar carrier facilitated quick conversion of the -OH from dissociation of steam to gasify the oxygen-rich carbonaceous intermediates like C=O and C-O-C,resulting in low coverage while high exposure of nickel species for maintaining the superior catalytic performance.In converse,strong adsorption of aliphatic intermediates over Ni/Al_(2)O_(3) and Ni/SiO_(2) induced serious coking with polymeric coke as the main type(21.5%and 32.1%,respectively),which was significantly higher than that over Ni/biochar(3.9%).The coke over Ni/biochar was mainly aromatic or catalytic type with nanotube morphology and high crystallinity.The high resistivity of Ni/biochar towards coking was due to the balance between formation of coke and gasification of coke and partially biochar with steam,which created developed mesopores in spent Ni/biochar while the coke blocked pores in Ni/Al_(2)O_(3) and Ni/SiO_(2) catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52276195)Program for Supporting Innovative Research from Jinan(202228072)Program of Agricultural Development from Shandong(SD2019NJ015)。
文摘Development of pore structures of activated carbon(AC)from activation of biomass with ZnCl_(2) relies on content and structure of cellulose/hemicellulose in the feedstock.Thermal pretreatment of biomass could induce dehydration and/or aromatization to change the structure of cellulose/hemicellulose.This might interfere with evolution of structures of AC,which was investigated herein via thermal pretreatment of willow branch(WB)from 200 to 360℃and the subsequent activation with ZnCl_(2) at 550℃.The results showed that thermal pretreatment at 360℃(WB-360)could lead to substantial pyrolysis to form biochar,with a yield of 31.9%,accompanying with nearly complete destruction of cellulose crystals and remarkably enhanced aromatic degree.However,cellulose residual in WB-360 could still be activated to form AC-360 with specific surface area of 1837.9 m~2·g^(-1),which was lower than that in AC from activation of untreated WB(AC-blank,2077.8 m~2·g^(-1)).Nonetheless,the AC-200 from activation of WB-200 had more developed pores(2113.9 m~2·g^(-1))and superior capability for adsorption of phenol,due to increased permeability of ZnCl_(2) to the largely intact cellulose structure in WB-200.The thermal pretreatment did increase diameters of micropores of AC but reduced the overall yield of AC(26.8%for AC-blank versus 18.0%for AC-360),resulting from accelerated cracking but reduced intensity of condensation.In-situ infrared characterization of the activation showed that ZnCl_(2) mainly catalyzed dehydration,dehydrogenation,condensation,and aromatization but not cracking,suppressing the formation of derivatives of cellulose and lignin in bio-oil.The thermal pretreatment formed phenolic-OH and C=O with higher chemical innerness,which changed the reaction network in activation,shifting morphology of fibrous structures in AC-blank to“melting surface”in AC-200 or AC-280.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42130402)the International Science and Technology Cooperation Key Special Project of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFE0104500)。
文摘The Antarctic Bottom Water formation site Vincennes Bay,East Antarctica is experiencing a substantial intrusion of modified Circumpolar Deep Water(mCDW),which may inhibit the formation of Dense Shelf Water(DSW)and drive basal melting of the ice shelves.Based on hydrographic data obtained from March to November in 2012,we evaluated the spatial spread of mCDW over the continental shelf region of Vincennes Bay and the associated temporal evolution of water properties,as well as the sea ice formation effect on water column in the coastal polynya.Results show that two branches of mCDW occupied the deep layers of the continental shelf,distinguished by the potential density(smaller than 27.8 kg/m^(3) or not)when potential temperatureθ=0.5°C in theθ-salinity space.The warmer and less dense branch observed on the east plateau,accessed the eastern ice shelves in the coastal polynya to drive basal melting of ice shelves.In contrast,the other colder and denser branch in the mid-depression reached the western Underwood Ice Shelf.DSW formation was detectable in the coastal polynya during September-November,proving the occurrence of deep convection.Surface heat loss and brine rejection during the intensive sea ice formation contributed to the destratification of the water column in the coastal polynya.It was estimated that at least 1.11±0.79 TW heat carried by mCDW into the inner part of the polynya.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62271255,61871218)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University (3082019NC2019002)+1 种基金the Aeronautical Science Foundation (ASFC-201920007002)the Program of Remote Sensing Intelligent Monitoring and Emergency Services for Regional Security Elements。
文摘In order to extract the richer feature information of ship targets from sea clutter, and address the high dimensional data problem, a method termed as multi-scale fusion kernel sparse preserving projection(MSFKSPP) based on the maximum margin criterion(MMC) is proposed for recognizing the class of ship targets utilizing the high-resolution range profile(HRRP). Multi-scale fusion is introduced to capture the local and detailed information in small-scale features, and the global and contour information in large-scale features, offering help to extract the edge information from sea clutter and further improving the target recognition accuracy. The proposed method can maximally preserve the multi-scale fusion sparse of data and maximize the class separability in the reduced dimensionality by reproducing kernel Hilbert space. Experimental results on the measured radar data show that the proposed method can effectively extract the features of ship target from sea clutter, further reduce the feature dimensionality, and improve target recognition performance.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB3106800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62072051).We are overwhelmed in all humbleness and gratefulness to acknowledge my depth to all those who have helped me to put these ideas.
文摘By the analysis of vulnerabilities of Android native system services,we find that some vulnerabilities are caused by inconsistent data transmission and inconsistent data processing logic between client and server.The existing research cannot find the above two types of vulnerabilities and the test cases of them face the problem of low coverage.In this paper,we propose an extraction method of test cases based on the native system services of the client and design a case construction method that supports multi-parameter mutation based on genetic algorithm and priority strategy.Based on the above method,we implement a detection tool-BArcherFuzzer to detect vulnerabilities of Android native system services.The experiment results show that BArcherFuzzer found four vulnerabilities of hundreds of exception messages,all of them were confirmed by Google and one was assigned a Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures(CVE)number(CVE-2020-0363).
文摘Evaluating the permeability and irreducible water saturation of tight sandstone reservoirs is challenging.This study uses distribution functions to fit measured NMR T_(2)distributions of tight sandstone reservoirs and extract parameters for characterizing pore size distribution.These parameters are then used to establish prediction models for permeability and irreducible water saturation of reservoirs.Results of comparing the fit of the T_(2)distributions by the Gauss and Weibull distribution functions show that the fitting accuracy with the Weibull distribution function is higher.The physical meaning of the statistical parameters of the Weibull distribution function is defined to establish nonlinear prediction models of permeability and irreducible water saturation using the radial basis function(RBF)method.Correlation coefficients between the predicted values by the established models and the measured values of the tight sandstone core samples are 0.944 for permeability and 0.851 for irreducible water saturation,which highlight the effectiveness of the prediction models.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Basic Research Program on Deep Petroleum Resource Accumulation and Key Engineering Technologies(Grant No.U19B6003-04-03-03)State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Projects(No.20-YYGZ-KF-GC-11)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA14010101)the National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2017ZX05005005-005 and 2016ZX05014002-001).
文摘Fracture porosity is one of the key parameters for characterizing fractured reservoirs.However,fracture porosity calculation is difficult with conventional logging data due to severe anisotropy of the reservoirs.To deal with the problem,the equivalent macroscopic anisotropic formation model based on dual laterolog(DLL)data is adopted to cyclically assign such parameters as bedrock resistivity(RB),fluid resistivity in fractures(RFL),fracture dip angle(FDA)and fracture thickness as well as fracture spacing,and to produce massive data for formation modeling.A large number of training data obtained through three dimensional finite element forward modeling and the functional relationship between DLL responses and fracture parameters that are trained and summarized by deep neural network,are combined to establish a new fast forward model for calculating DLL responses in fractured formations.A new fracture porosity inversion model for fractured reservoirs based on gradient optimization inversion algorithm combined with multi-initial inversion strategy is then proposed.While running the model,formation is divided into eight intervals according to bedrock resistivity and fracture dip angle from 0°to 90°is divided every 0.5°to improve the operation speed and efficiency.The results of numerical verification show that when bedrock resistivity is greater than 1000Ωm,the mean absolute error(MAE)of fracture porosity inversion is 0.001658%for horizontal fractures,0.00413%for intermediate fractures and 0.0027%for quasi-vertical fractures.When bedrock resistivity is between 100Ωm and 1000Ωm,MAE of fracture porosity inversion is 0.003%for horizontal fractures,0.0034%for intermediate fractures and 0.00348%for quasi-vertical fractures.Fracture parameters determined by the fracture porosity inversion model with actual data are in good agreement with the results of micro resistivity imaging logging.
文摘Free gas saturation is a key parameter for calculating shale gas reserves.The complex conductivity mechanism of shale reservoirs restricts the application of Archie's formula and its extended form for the evaluation of free gas saturation.Instead,a number of non-resistivity-based saturation evaluation methods suitable for shale gas reservoirs have been established,including core calibration(TOC method,clay content method),gas porosity cutoff,excavation effect and four-pore modeling.These methods,together with adsorbed phase porosity correction,are used to calculate the free gas saturation.These methods are applied to shale reservoirs of the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation and the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin,southwestern China to test their applicability and accuracy.The results,when compared with measured data from core samples,show that the TOC-based core calibration is more accurate in evaluating free gas saturation in the entire shale gas interval,which is of great significance to the calculation of shale gas reserves.
文摘Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),encompassing diverse pathologies such as atherosclerosis,hypertension,cardiomyopathy,arrhythmia,and valvular diseases,represent a significant public health challenge,severely undermining human health[1].According to the World Health Organization,CVDs claimed approximately 17.9 million deaths in 2019,representing 32%of all global deaths[2,3].The risk of CVDs morbidity and mortality increases with age,with the majority of CVDs and deaths occurring in elderly aged 75 years and older[4,5].In developed nations,CVDs are the principal cause of mortality,while in developing countries,they are a leading cause of death as well.
