Chrysanthemum morifolium,an ornamental crop with diverse forms of inflorescence,is a good model for studying flower development in Asteraceae.However,the genetic background is complex and the mechanisms of regulating ...Chrysanthemum morifolium,an ornamental crop with diverse forms of inflorescence,is a good model for studying flower development in Asteraceae.However,the genetic background is complex and the mechanisms of regulating flower development are still unclear.Here,we identified two natural mutant lines of chrysanthemum and named them M1 and M2 according to the severity of the phenotype.Both lines showed defects in petal identity,and the petals of the M1 line had a mild phenotype:partially loss of petal identity and conversion of petals into green,leaf-like organs.The M2 line had severe phenotypes:in addition to severe petal defects,secondary inflorescences were produced in the capitulum to replace the normal ray and disc florets,which indicated a transformation of a flower meristem into an inflorescence meristem.Transcriptome sequencing of WT and M2 inflorescences was performed and found altered expression of floral organ development A,B and E class genes,where B and E class genes were significantly down-regulated.qRT-PCR analysis in both M1 and M2 lines revealed that the expression of three chrysanthemum class B genes CmAP3.1,CmAP3.2 and CmPI,was negatively correlated with phenotypic severity.This suggests that class B genes in chrysanthemum not only have conserved functions in determining petal identity but also were involved in the determinacy of the flower meristem.This study provides insights into the functions of class B genes in flower development,and is informative for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of flower development in chrysanthemum.展开更多
Brassinosteroids(BRs),a class of steroid phytohormones,play a critical role in plant growth and development.The DWF4 gene encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme(CYP90B1),which is considered a rate-limiting enzyme in BR bios...Brassinosteroids(BRs),a class of steroid phytohormones,play a critical role in plant growth and development.The DWF4 gene encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme(CYP90B1),which is considered a rate-limiting enzyme in BR biosynthesis.Here,we identified a homologous gene of DWF4 in chrysanthemum,CmDWF4.This gene was predicted to encode 491 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 56.2 kDa and an isoelectric point(pI)of 9.10.Overexpression of CmDWF4 in chrysanthemum was found to significantly increase growth rate,number,and length of lateral buds.Transcriptome analysis showed that multiple xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase(XTH)family encoding genes associated with cell wall modification were up-regulated in CmDWF4-overexpressing lines.qRT-PCR assay confirmed the up-regulation of CmXTH6,CmXTH23,and CmXTH28 in CmDWF4-overexpression line.Overall,this work establishes a mechanism by which BR biosynthetic gene CmDWF4 promotes lateral bud outgrowth in chrysanthemum,possibly through regulating cell elongation and expansion.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),and transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF beta 1)in the kidney tissue of rats with pyelonephritis and thei...Objective:To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),and transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF beta 1)in the kidney tissue of rats with pyelonephritis and their relationship with pyelonephritis by establishing a rat model of acute pyelonephritis.Methods:80 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group,with 40 rats each.The rats of the control group were injected with and saline and those of the experimental group were injected with 10μg/mL Escherichia coli(E.coli)and saline(1:100);the solutions for both groups were administered every 3 days for 7 days.The expressions of MMP-2,MMP-9 and TGF beta 1 in the kidney tissues of rats in each group were observed.Results:The expression of MMP-9 and TGF beta 1in the kidney tissue of rat acute pyelonephritis model rats was significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.01);the MMP-9 mRNA content in the kidney tissue of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);the TGF beta 1 mRNA content in the renal tissue of the experimental group increased significantly compared to the(P<0.05);MMP-2,MMP-9 and TGF beta 1 began to express in the early stage of pyelonephritis until the complete formation of renal pelvic edema.The difference between groups was statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusion:MMP-9 and TGF beta 1 are important factors regulating renal tubular epithelial cell injury and inflammatory response.展开更多
Objective:To analyze serum vitamin D levels in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)by flow cytometry and to investigate the relationship between hypovitaminosis D status and hyperactivation of IL-6/STA...Objective:To analyze serum vitamin D levels in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)by flow cytometry and to investigate the relationship between hypovitaminosis D status and hyperactivation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling in ccRCC.Methods:Eighty patients diagnosed with ccRCC by our oncology department from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected as study subjects,and the control subjects were selected from patients who were receiving health check-up from our hospital(matched according to case group:control group,1:2),with 160 healthy patients.All serum samples collected from the case-control subjects were allowed to stand for 1–2 hours,centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes,and stored in a-80°C refrigerator,from which they were removed and thawed to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D)and interleukin 6(IL-6)levels.Results:The blood calcium level of patients in the cancer group was significantly lower than that of patients in the non-cancer group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The IL-6 level of the cancer group was significantly higher than that of the non-cancer group.In high vitamin D state,the IL-6 level of the non-cancer group was higher than that of the cancer group,and the average concentration of IL-6 in both the cancer group and the non-cancer group was significantly higher in low vitamin D state compared with high vitamin D state(P<0.05);the correlation between hypovitaminosis D status and renal Ki-67 was found to be positive.Conclusion:The results showed that serum IL-6 levels were elevated in the cancer group and circulating serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with IL-6 levels.In addition,signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)signaling in RCC tissues was activated in ccRCC patients and in those with low vitamin D status among the cancer group and was higher than that in those with high vitamin D status.These results suggest that hypovitaminosis D status in ccRCC patients is associated with activated IL-6/STAT3 signaling and the activation of tumor proliferation markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),cyclin D1,and Ki-67.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect nano-sustained CO-releasing molecules on cyclosporin-A(CsA)-induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.Methods:3×105 cel...Objective:To investigate the effect nano-sustained CO-releasing molecules on cyclosporin-A(CsA)-induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.Methods:3×105 cell/mL human renal tubular epithelial cells(HK-2)and mouse primary cultured renal tubular epithelial cells(RTECs)were cultured under an inverted microscope and incubated with 10%DMEM and 0.25%β2M in NaCl solution for 3 h.HK-2 and RTECs were divided into 5 complex numbers.MTT assay was used to detect the relative proliferation level of one of the HK-2 cells and calculate the multiplication ratio.Results:The nano-sustained CO-releasing molecules CS-CO had a strong protective effect on the kidney.HK-2 and RTECs cells were treated with siRNA,inhibitors,and NLRP3 knockout mice,and the changes in cell activity and expression of intracellular inflammatory factors were studied.The expression of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway related proteins in HK-2 and RTECs was detected by ELISA,western blot,immunofluorescence,and other techniques.Conclusion:SMA/CORM2 alleviates CsA-induced renal fibrosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of Rosa laevigata Michx.fruit on rats with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis based on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.Methods:Thirty Wistar rats wer...Objective:To investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of Rosa laevigata Michx.fruit on rats with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis based on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.Methods:Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups,a blank control group,a diabetic nephropathy(DN)model group,and an ethanolic extract intervention group,according to the random number table method,with 10 rats in each group.One day before the experiment,basic feeding was initiated for all the rats;the changes in activity and weight of each group of rats were observed and recorded after 7 d,and a rat model of renal function injury was established after 1 d.Results:Compared with the control group,the model group had significantly higher kidney/body ratio,24 h urine protein,serum creatinine(SCr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),glomerular mesangial cell(GMC)count,and extracellular matrix(ECM)positive area ratio(P<0.05);the same indicators were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the model group(P<0.05).The NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in renal intrinsic cells was activated in the intervention group.The overactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome is known to promote interleukin(IL)-1βrelease,which was inhibited in the intervention group.Conclusion:The ethanolic extract of Rosa laevigata Michx.fruit has a protective effect on renal intrinsic cells and may be related to NLRP3 inflammasome pathway,suggesting that the fruit of Rosa laevigata Michx.has a potential role in protecting renal intrinsic cells from inflammatory damage.NLRP3 inflammasomes are involved in the development of various chronic inflammatory diseases,such as acute and chronic glomerulonephritis and renal fibrosis.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171855)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-23-A18),Seed Industry Project of Jiangsu Province(JBGS[2021]020)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M661870)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD1000400)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Chrysanthemum morifolium,an ornamental crop with diverse forms of inflorescence,is a good model for studying flower development in Asteraceae.However,the genetic background is complex and the mechanisms of regulating flower development are still unclear.Here,we identified two natural mutant lines of chrysanthemum and named them M1 and M2 according to the severity of the phenotype.Both lines showed defects in petal identity,and the petals of the M1 line had a mild phenotype:partially loss of petal identity and conversion of petals into green,leaf-like organs.The M2 line had severe phenotypes:in addition to severe petal defects,secondary inflorescences were produced in the capitulum to replace the normal ray and disc florets,which indicated a transformation of a flower meristem into an inflorescence meristem.Transcriptome sequencing of WT and M2 inflorescences was performed and found altered expression of floral organ development A,B and E class genes,where B and E class genes were significantly down-regulated.qRT-PCR analysis in both M1 and M2 lines revealed that the expression of three chrysanthemum class B genes CmAP3.1,CmAP3.2 and CmPI,was negatively correlated with phenotypic severity.This suggests that class B genes in chrysanthemum not only have conserved functions in determining petal identity but also were involved in the determinacy of the flower meristem.This study provides insights into the functions of class B genes in flower development,and is informative for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of flower development in chrysanthemum.
基金This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872149,32172609)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-23-A18),the“JBGS”Project of Seed Industry Revitalization in Jiangsu Province(JBGS[2021]020)the earmarked fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System,and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Brassinosteroids(BRs),a class of steroid phytohormones,play a critical role in plant growth and development.The DWF4 gene encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme(CYP90B1),which is considered a rate-limiting enzyme in BR biosynthesis.Here,we identified a homologous gene of DWF4 in chrysanthemum,CmDWF4.This gene was predicted to encode 491 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 56.2 kDa and an isoelectric point(pI)of 9.10.Overexpression of CmDWF4 in chrysanthemum was found to significantly increase growth rate,number,and length of lateral buds.Transcriptome analysis showed that multiple xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase(XTH)family encoding genes associated with cell wall modification were up-regulated in CmDWF4-overexpressing lines.qRT-PCR assay confirmed the up-regulation of CmXTH6,CmXTH23,and CmXTH28 in CmDWF4-overexpression line.Overall,this work establishes a mechanism by which BR biosynthetic gene CmDWF4 promotes lateral bud outgrowth in chrysanthemum,possibly through regulating cell elongation and expansion.
基金Health Commission of Hebei Province:Chuanxiong Extract Improves Inflammatory Response in Rats with Pyelonephritis through IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Pathway(Project number:20231486)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),and transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF beta 1)in the kidney tissue of rats with pyelonephritis and their relationship with pyelonephritis by establishing a rat model of acute pyelonephritis.Methods:80 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group,with 40 rats each.The rats of the control group were injected with and saline and those of the experimental group were injected with 10μg/mL Escherichia coli(E.coli)and saline(1:100);the solutions for both groups were administered every 3 days for 7 days.The expressions of MMP-2,MMP-9 and TGF beta 1 in the kidney tissues of rats in each group were observed.Results:The expression of MMP-9 and TGF beta 1in the kidney tissue of rat acute pyelonephritis model rats was significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.01);the MMP-9 mRNA content in the kidney tissue of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);the TGF beta 1 mRNA content in the renal tissue of the experimental group increased significantly compared to the(P<0.05);MMP-2,MMP-9 and TGF beta 1 began to express in the early stage of pyelonephritis until the complete formation of renal pelvic edema.The difference between groups was statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusion:MMP-9 and TGF beta 1 are important factors regulating renal tubular epithelial cell injury and inflammatory response.
基金funded by the Health Commission of Hebei Province under the project Chuanxiong Extract Improves Inflammatory Response in Rats with Pyelonephritis Through IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Pathway(Project Number:20231486).
文摘Objective:To analyze serum vitamin D levels in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)by flow cytometry and to investigate the relationship between hypovitaminosis D status and hyperactivation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling in ccRCC.Methods:Eighty patients diagnosed with ccRCC by our oncology department from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected as study subjects,and the control subjects were selected from patients who were receiving health check-up from our hospital(matched according to case group:control group,1:2),with 160 healthy patients.All serum samples collected from the case-control subjects were allowed to stand for 1–2 hours,centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes,and stored in a-80°C refrigerator,from which they were removed and thawed to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D)and interleukin 6(IL-6)levels.Results:The blood calcium level of patients in the cancer group was significantly lower than that of patients in the non-cancer group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The IL-6 level of the cancer group was significantly higher than that of the non-cancer group.In high vitamin D state,the IL-6 level of the non-cancer group was higher than that of the cancer group,and the average concentration of IL-6 in both the cancer group and the non-cancer group was significantly higher in low vitamin D state compared with high vitamin D state(P<0.05);the correlation between hypovitaminosis D status and renal Ki-67 was found to be positive.Conclusion:The results showed that serum IL-6 levels were elevated in the cancer group and circulating serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with IL-6 levels.In addition,signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)signaling in RCC tissues was activated in ccRCC patients and in those with low vitamin D status among the cancer group and was higher than that in those with high vitamin D status.These results suggest that hypovitaminosis D status in ccRCC patients is associated with activated IL-6/STAT3 signaling and the activation of tumor proliferation markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),cyclin D1,and Ki-67.
基金Health Commission of Hebei Province Chuanxiong:Extract Improves Inflammatory Response in Rats with Pyelonephritis through IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Pathway(Project number:20231486)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect nano-sustained CO-releasing molecules on cyclosporin-A(CsA)-induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.Methods:3×105 cell/mL human renal tubular epithelial cells(HK-2)and mouse primary cultured renal tubular epithelial cells(RTECs)were cultured under an inverted microscope and incubated with 10%DMEM and 0.25%β2M in NaCl solution for 3 h.HK-2 and RTECs were divided into 5 complex numbers.MTT assay was used to detect the relative proliferation level of one of the HK-2 cells and calculate the multiplication ratio.Results:The nano-sustained CO-releasing molecules CS-CO had a strong protective effect on the kidney.HK-2 and RTECs cells were treated with siRNA,inhibitors,and NLRP3 knockout mice,and the changes in cell activity and expression of intracellular inflammatory factors were studied.The expression of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway related proteins in HK-2 and RTECs was detected by ELISA,western blot,immunofluorescence,and other techniques.Conclusion:SMA/CORM2 alleviates CsA-induced renal fibrosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
基金This work was supported by the Health Commission of Hebei Province under the project Chuanxiong Extract Improves Inflammatory Response in Rats with Pyelonephritis Through IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Pathway(Project Number:20231486).
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of Rosa laevigata Michx.fruit on rats with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis based on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.Methods:Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups,a blank control group,a diabetic nephropathy(DN)model group,and an ethanolic extract intervention group,according to the random number table method,with 10 rats in each group.One day before the experiment,basic feeding was initiated for all the rats;the changes in activity and weight of each group of rats were observed and recorded after 7 d,and a rat model of renal function injury was established after 1 d.Results:Compared with the control group,the model group had significantly higher kidney/body ratio,24 h urine protein,serum creatinine(SCr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),glomerular mesangial cell(GMC)count,and extracellular matrix(ECM)positive area ratio(P<0.05);the same indicators were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the model group(P<0.05).The NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in renal intrinsic cells was activated in the intervention group.The overactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome is known to promote interleukin(IL)-1βrelease,which was inhibited in the intervention group.Conclusion:The ethanolic extract of Rosa laevigata Michx.fruit has a protective effect on renal intrinsic cells and may be related to NLRP3 inflammasome pathway,suggesting that the fruit of Rosa laevigata Michx.has a potential role in protecting renal intrinsic cells from inflammatory damage.NLRP3 inflammasomes are involved in the development of various chronic inflammatory diseases,such as acute and chronic glomerulonephritis and renal fibrosis.
基金primarily financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51871245)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFE0301505)State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy as well as State Key Laboratory of Light Weight and High Strength Structural Materials,Central South University,China。
