Phosphorus(P)is a critical nutrient that plays an essential role in improving soil fertility for optimum plant growth and productivity.It is one of the most deficient macro-nutrients in agricultural soils after nitrog...Phosphorus(P)is a critical nutrient that plays an essential role in improving soil fertility for optimum plant growth and productivity.It is one of the most deficient macro-nutrients in agricultural soils after nitrogen and is considered inadequate for plant growth and production.To P availability in soils,the farmers are applying huge amounts of synthetic P fertilizers that adversely affect the wider environment,groundwater,soil fertility and microbial population.Many beneficial microbes are known to release and supply soluble P for improving growth and yield of a variety of plants in a sustainable manner in P deficient soils.Thus,inoculation of these microbes,including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)and phosphate solubilizing bacteria(PSB)to soil to enhance crop production without harming the environment,is an alternative approach to chemical fertilizers.The combined role of AMF and PSB in P solubilization is not well understood and the application and mode of action of these microbial groups are often naive due to variation in the environment.Therefore,the current review article would develop a better understanding of the interactive role and mechanisms of AMF and PSB in improving P availability from both organic and inorganic sources in a sustainable crop production system.Finally,the current review would loop out further avenues for researchers interested to commercially produce effective AMF and PSB-based biofertilizers for sustainable management of phosphorus over a wide range of agricultural crops worldwide.展开更多
Most of the cereal crops are widely cultivated to fulfil the humans food requirements.Under changing climate scenario,the intensity of drought stress is continuously increasing that is adversely affecting the growth a...Most of the cereal crops are widely cultivated to fulfil the humans food requirements.Under changing climate scenario,the intensity of drought stress is continuously increasing that is adversely affecting the growth and yield of cereal crops.Although the cereals can tolerate moderate drought to some extent,but mostly they are susceptible to severe drought stress.Higher biosynthesis of ethylene under drought stress has been reported.Many scientists observed that inoculation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate(ACC)deaminase producing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)is an efficacious tool to overcome this problem.These PGPR secrete ACC deaminase which cleavage the ACC into the compounds,other than ethylene.Furthermore,secretion of growth hormones also play imperative role in enhancing the growth of the cereals under limited availability of water.In addition,the use of biochar has also been recognized as another effective amendment to grant resistance against drought.Biochar application improves the soil physiochemical attributes i.e.,porosity,nutrients retention and water holding capacity which decrease the loss of water and increase its bioavailability.In recent era,the idea of coapplication of ACC deaminase producing PGPR and biochar is becoming popular which might be more efficient to use water under drought stress.The aim of current review is to combine the facts and understanding of this novel idea to grant maximum resistance to crops against drought stress.Some scientists have observed significant improvement in yield of cereal crops by combined use of ACC deaminase producing PGPR and biochar.However,more research is suggested for deep understanding of complex synergistic mechanism of ACC deaminase activity in combination with biochar.展开更多
COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is declared global pandemic.The virus owing high resemblance with SARS-CoVand MERS-CoV has been placed in family of beta-coronavirus.However,transmission and infectivity rate of COVID-19 ...COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is declared global pandemic.The virus owing high resemblance with SARS-CoVand MERS-CoV has been placed in family of beta-coronavirus.However,transmission and infectivity rate of COVID-19 is quite higher as compared to other members of family.Effective management strategy with potential drug availability will break the virus transmission chain subsequently reduce the pressure on the healthcare system.Extensive research trials are underway to develop novel efficient therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.In this review,we have discussed the origin and family of coronavirus,structure,genome and pathogenesis of virus SARS-CoV-2 inside human host cell;comparison among SARS,MERS,SARS-CoV-2 and common flu;effective management practices;treatment with immunity boosters;available medication with ongoing clinical trials.We suggest medicinal plants could serve as potential candidates for drug development against COVID-19 infection.展开更多
Rhizosphere bacteria that colonize plant roots and confer beneficial effects are referred as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR).Among all PGPR,some rhizobacteria have an ability to produce ACC deaminase enzyme...Rhizosphere bacteria that colonize plant roots and confer beneficial effects are referred as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR).Among all PGPR,some rhizobacteria have an ability to produce ACC deaminase enzyme.This enzyme catalyzes stress ACC into a-ketobutyrate and ammonia instead of letting it to be converted to ethylene.Ethylene level rises in plants under stress conditions i.e.,drought,salinity,poor soil fertility etc.As poor soil fertility is a big hurdle to achieve the optimum yield of crops,inoculation of ACC deaminase PGPR can overcome this problem to some extent.The aim of the current study was to examine the influence of multi-strain and single-strain inoculation of different ACC deaminase producing PGPR on wheat growth and yield.There were three PGPR strains,Enterobacter cloacae,Serratia ficaria and Burkholderia phytofirmans which were used as consortia and single-strain inoculations.The results showed that inoculation of E.cloacae+S.ficaria+B.phytofirmans significantly increased plant height(63%),spike length(61%),number of spikelets spike-1(61%),number of grains spike-1(131%),1000 grains weight(33%),grains yield(71%),straw yield(71%)and biological yield(68%)of wheat as compared to control.A significant improvement in N(37 and 200%),P(46 and 166%)and K(39 and 61%)of seeds and shoot respectively,validated the efficacious and more effective role of multi-strain(E.cloacae+S.ficaria+B.phytofirmans)inoculation over control.It is obviously concluded that multi-strain ACC deaminase producing PGPR inoculation is a better approach as compared to single-strain inoculation for the improvement in growth and yield of wheat.展开更多
文摘Phosphorus(P)is a critical nutrient that plays an essential role in improving soil fertility for optimum plant growth and productivity.It is one of the most deficient macro-nutrients in agricultural soils after nitrogen and is considered inadequate for plant growth and production.To P availability in soils,the farmers are applying huge amounts of synthetic P fertilizers that adversely affect the wider environment,groundwater,soil fertility and microbial population.Many beneficial microbes are known to release and supply soluble P for improving growth and yield of a variety of plants in a sustainable manner in P deficient soils.Thus,inoculation of these microbes,including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)and phosphate solubilizing bacteria(PSB)to soil to enhance crop production without harming the environment,is an alternative approach to chemical fertilizers.The combined role of AMF and PSB in P solubilization is not well understood and the application and mode of action of these microbial groups are often naive due to variation in the environment.Therefore,the current review article would develop a better understanding of the interactive role and mechanisms of AMF and PSB in improving P availability from both organic and inorganic sources in a sustainable crop production system.Finally,the current review would loop out further avenues for researchers interested to commercially produce effective AMF and PSB-based biofertilizers for sustainable management of phosphorus over a wide range of agricultural crops worldwide.
文摘Most of the cereal crops are widely cultivated to fulfil the humans food requirements.Under changing climate scenario,the intensity of drought stress is continuously increasing that is adversely affecting the growth and yield of cereal crops.Although the cereals can tolerate moderate drought to some extent,but mostly they are susceptible to severe drought stress.Higher biosynthesis of ethylene under drought stress has been reported.Many scientists observed that inoculation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate(ACC)deaminase producing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)is an efficacious tool to overcome this problem.These PGPR secrete ACC deaminase which cleavage the ACC into the compounds,other than ethylene.Furthermore,secretion of growth hormones also play imperative role in enhancing the growth of the cereals under limited availability of water.In addition,the use of biochar has also been recognized as another effective amendment to grant resistance against drought.Biochar application improves the soil physiochemical attributes i.e.,porosity,nutrients retention and water holding capacity which decrease the loss of water and increase its bioavailability.In recent era,the idea of coapplication of ACC deaminase producing PGPR and biochar is becoming popular which might be more efficient to use water under drought stress.The aim of current review is to combine the facts and understanding of this novel idea to grant maximum resistance to crops against drought stress.Some scientists have observed significant improvement in yield of cereal crops by combined use of ACC deaminase producing PGPR and biochar.However,more research is suggested for deep understanding of complex synergistic mechanism of ACC deaminase activity in combination with biochar.
文摘COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is declared global pandemic.The virus owing high resemblance with SARS-CoVand MERS-CoV has been placed in family of beta-coronavirus.However,transmission and infectivity rate of COVID-19 is quite higher as compared to other members of family.Effective management strategy with potential drug availability will break the virus transmission chain subsequently reduce the pressure on the healthcare system.Extensive research trials are underway to develop novel efficient therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.In this review,we have discussed the origin and family of coronavirus,structure,genome and pathogenesis of virus SARS-CoV-2 inside human host cell;comparison among SARS,MERS,SARS-CoV-2 and common flu;effective management practices;treatment with immunity boosters;available medication with ongoing clinical trials.We suggest medicinal plants could serve as potential candidates for drug development against COVID-19 infection.
文摘Rhizosphere bacteria that colonize plant roots and confer beneficial effects are referred as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR).Among all PGPR,some rhizobacteria have an ability to produce ACC deaminase enzyme.This enzyme catalyzes stress ACC into a-ketobutyrate and ammonia instead of letting it to be converted to ethylene.Ethylene level rises in plants under stress conditions i.e.,drought,salinity,poor soil fertility etc.As poor soil fertility is a big hurdle to achieve the optimum yield of crops,inoculation of ACC deaminase PGPR can overcome this problem to some extent.The aim of the current study was to examine the influence of multi-strain and single-strain inoculation of different ACC deaminase producing PGPR on wheat growth and yield.There were three PGPR strains,Enterobacter cloacae,Serratia ficaria and Burkholderia phytofirmans which were used as consortia and single-strain inoculations.The results showed that inoculation of E.cloacae+S.ficaria+B.phytofirmans significantly increased plant height(63%),spike length(61%),number of spikelets spike-1(61%),number of grains spike-1(131%),1000 grains weight(33%),grains yield(71%),straw yield(71%)and biological yield(68%)of wheat as compared to control.A significant improvement in N(37 and 200%),P(46 and 166%)and K(39 and 61%)of seeds and shoot respectively,validated the efficacious and more effective role of multi-strain(E.cloacae+S.ficaria+B.phytofirmans)inoculation over control.It is obviously concluded that multi-strain ACC deaminase producing PGPR inoculation is a better approach as compared to single-strain inoculation for the improvement in growth and yield of wheat.
