Background:Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)substantially affects quality of life and requires early prevention.This study aimed to elucidate the relationships between IBS and daily behaviors,including sedentary behavior(...Background:Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)substantially affects quality of life and requires early prevention.This study aimed to elucidate the relationships between IBS and daily behaviors,including sedentary behavior(SB),physical activity(PA),and sleep.In particular,it seeks to identify healthy behaviors to reduce IBS risk,which previous studies have rarely addressed.Methods:Daily behaviors were retrieved from self-reported data of 362,193 eligible UK Biobank participants.Incident cases were determined by self-report or health care data according to RomeⅣcriteria.Results:A total of 345,388 participants were IBS-free at baseline,during a median follow-up of 8.45 years,19,885 incident IBS cases were recorded.When examined individually,SB and shorter(≤7 h/day)or longer(>7 h/day)sleep duration were each positively associated with increased IBS risk,and PA was associated with lower IBS risk.The isotemporal substitution model suggested that replacing SB with other activities could provide further protective effects against IBS risk.Among people sleeping≤7 h/day,replacing 1 h of SB with equivalent light PA,vigorous PA,or sleep was associated with 8.1%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.901-0.937),5.8%(95%CI:0.896-0.991),and 9.2%(95%CI:0.885-0.932)reduced IBS risk,respectively.For people sleeping>7 h/day,light and vigorous PA were associated with a 4.8%(95%CI:0.926-0.978)and a 12.0%(95%CI:0.815-0.949)lower IBS risk,respectively.These benefits were mostly independent of genetic risk for IBS.Conclusion:SB and unhealthy sleep duration are risk factors for IBS.A promising way to mitigate IBS risk for individuals sleeping≤7 h/day and for those sleeping>7 h/day appears to be by replacing SB with adequate sleep or vigorous PA,respectively,regardless of the genetic predisposition of IBS.展开更多
Immune checkpoint inhibitors augment the antitumor activity of T cells by inhibiting the negative regulatory pathway of T cells,leading to notable efficacy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer,melanoma,and othe...Immune checkpoint inhibitors augment the antitumor activity of T cells by inhibiting the negative regulatory pathway of T cells,leading to notable efficacy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer,melanoma,and other malignancies through immunotherapy utilization.However,secondary malignant liver tumors not only lower the liver's sensitivity to immunotherapy but also trigger systemic immune suppression,resulting in reduced overall effectiveness of immune therapy.Patients receiving immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma experience reduced response rates,progression-free survival,and overall survival when secondary malignant tumors develop in the liver.Through Liu's retrospective analysis,valuable insights are provided for the future clinical management of these patients.Therefore,in patients with gastric cancer(GC),the occurrence of liver metastasis might be indicative of reduced efficacy of immuno-therapy.Overcoming liver immune tolerance mechanisms and their negative impacts allows for the potential benefits of immunotherapy in patients with GC and liver metastasis.INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer(GC)ranks among the prevalent malignancies affecting the digestive system globally.Based on the latest epidemiological data[1,2],it holds the fifth position for incidence and the fourth position for mortality among all malignant tumors.GC cases and fatalities in China make up roughly half of the worldwide figures.Earlier investigations[3]have demonstrated that the median overall survival(mOS)among advanced GC patients left untreated typically ranges from 3 to 4 months.Systemic chemotherapy recipients often experience a mOS of around one year,accompanied by a marked improvement in the quality of life among patients with advanced GC.The mainstay of treatment for advanced GC patients involves chemotherapeutic medications such as fluoropyrimidines,platinum compounds,and taxanes.However,their efficacy in tumor control is constrained by acquired resistance and primary resistance.The rise of personalized precision therapy has propelled immunotherapy into the spotlight as a crucial component of comprehensive treatment[4].By blocking the negative regulatory pathways of T cells,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)boost the anti-tumor effect of T cells.Immunotherapy has brought about significant therapeutic benefits for patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer,melanoma,and related illnesses[5,6],instilling newfound hope in those with advanced GC[7].However,phase III clinical trial data[8-12]reveals that the incorporation of immunotherapy into chemotherapy regimens improves overall survival(OS)outcomes for patients with advanced GC.The liver's immune-exempt nature renders it less responsive to immunotherapy when secondary malignant tumors are present,fostering systemic immune suppression and yielding unfavorable outcomes in immune therapy[13-15].In retrospective research[16-20]pertaining to non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma,it has been observed that the presence of secondary liver malignancies may lower the response rate,progression-free survival(PFS),and OS rates in patients treated with immunotherapy,independent of factors such as tumor mutation burden and PD-L1 expression.Despite this,there is a paucity of studies examining whether the existence of secondary malignant liver tumors affects the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients diagnosed with advanced HER-2 negative GC.展开更多
Microseism,acoustic emission and electromagnetic radiation(M-A-E)data are usually used for predicting rockburst hazards.However,it is a great challenge to realize the prediction of M-A-E data.In this study,with the ai...Microseism,acoustic emission and electromagnetic radiation(M-A-E)data are usually used for predicting rockburst hazards.However,it is a great challenge to realize the prediction of M-A-E data.In this study,with the aid of a deep learning algorithm,a new method for the prediction of M-A-E data is proposed.In this method,an M-A-E data prediction model is built based on a variety of neural networks after analyzing numerous M-A-E data,and then the M-A-E data can be predicted.The predicted results are highly correlated with the real data collected in the field.Through field verification,the deep learning-based prediction method of M-A-E data provides quantitative prediction data for rockburst monitoring.展开更多
Composite solid-state electrolytes represent a critical pathway that balances the interface compatibility and lithium-ion conductivity in all-solid-state batteries.The quest for stable and highly ion-conductive combin...Composite solid-state electrolytes represent a critical pathway that balances the interface compatibility and lithium-ion conductivity in all-solid-state batteries.The quest for stable and highly ion-conductive combinations between polymers and fillers is vital,but blind attempts are often made due to a lack of understanding of the mechanisms involved in the interaction between polymers and fillers.Herein,we employ in-situ polymerization to prepare a polymer based on an ether-nitrile copolymer with high cathode stability as the foundation and discuss the performance enhancement mechanisms of argyrodite and nano-alumina.With 1%content of sulfide interacting with the polymer at the two-phase interface,the local enhancement of lithium-ion migration capability can be achieved,avoiding the reduction in capacity due to the low ion conductivity of the passivation layer during cycling.The capacity retention after 50cycles at 0.5 C increases from 83.5%to 94.4%.Nano-alumina,through anchoring the anions and interface inhibition functions,eventually poses an initial discharge capacity of 136.8 m A h g^(-1)at 0.5 C and extends the cycling time to 1000 h without short-circuiting in lithium metal batteries.Through the combined action of dual fillers on the composite solid-state electrolyte,promising insights are provided for future material design.展开更多
A crystal plasticity finite element model was developed for the drawing deformation of pure copper micro wire,based on rate-dependent crystal plasticity theory.The impact of wire diameter compression ratio on the micr...A crystal plasticity finite element model was developed for the drawing deformation of pure copper micro wire,based on rate-dependent crystal plasticity theory.The impact of wire diameter compression ratio on the micro-mechanical deformation behavior during the wire drawing process was investigated.Results indicate that the internal deformation and slip of the drawn wire are unevenly distributed,forming distinct slip and non-slip zones.Additionally,horizontal strain concentration bands develop within the drawn wire.As the wire diameter compression ratio increases,the strength of the slip systems and the extent of slip zones inside the deformation zone also increase.However,the fluctuating stress state,induced by contact pressure and frictional stress,results in a rough and uneven wire surface and diminishes the stability of the drawing process.展开更多
In recent years,the Industrial Internet and Industry 4.0 came into being.With the development of modern industrial intelligent manufacturing technology,digital twins,Web3 and many other digital entity applications are...In recent years,the Industrial Internet and Industry 4.0 came into being.With the development of modern industrial intelligent manufacturing technology,digital twins,Web3 and many other digital entity applications are also proposed.These applications apply architectures such as distributed learning,resource sharing,and arithmetic trading,which make high demands on identity authentication,asset authentication,resource addressing,and service location.Therefore,an efficient,secure,and trustworthy Industrial Internet identity resolution system is needed.However,most of the traditional identity resolution systems follow DNS architecture or tree structure,which has the risk of a single point of failure and DDoS attack.And they cannot guarantee the security and privacy of digital identity,personal assets,and device information.So we consider a decentralized approach for identity management,identity authentication,and asset verification.In this paper,we propose a distributed trusted active identity resolution system based on the inter-planetary file system(IPFS)and non-fungible token(NFT),which can provide distributed identity resolution services.And we have designed the system architecture,identity service process,load balancing strategy and smart contract service.In addition,we use Jmeter to verify the performance of the system,and the results show that the system has good high concurrent performance and robustness.展开更多
The HIT-PSI is a linear plasma device built for physically simulating the high heat flux environment of future reactor divertors to test/develop advanced target plate materials.In this study,the geometry-modified SOLP...The HIT-PSI is a linear plasma device built for physically simulating the high heat flux environment of future reactor divertors to test/develop advanced target plate materials.In this study,the geometry-modified SOLPS-ITER program is employed to examine the effects of the magnetic field strength and neutral pressure in the device on the heat flux experienced by the target plate of the HIT-PSI device.The findings of the numerical simulation indicate a positive correlation between the magnetic field strength and the heat flux density.Conversely,there is a negative correlation observed between the heat flux density and the neutral pressure.When the magnetic field strength at the axis exceeds 1 tesla and the neutral pressure falls below 10 Pa,the HIT-PSI has the capability to attain a heat flux of 10 MW·m-2 at the target plate.The simulation results offer a valuable point of reference for subsequent experiments at HIT-PSI.展开更多
Piezoelectric stages use piezoelectric actuators and flexure hinges as driving and amplifying mechanisms,respectively.These systems have high positioning accuracy and high-frequency responses,and they are widely used ...Piezoelectric stages use piezoelectric actuators and flexure hinges as driving and amplifying mechanisms,respectively.These systems have high positioning accuracy and high-frequency responses,and they are widely used in various precision/ultra-precision positioning fields.However,the main challenge with these devices is the inherent hysteresis nonlinearity of piezoelectric actuators,which seriously affects the tracking accuracy of a piezoelectric stage.Inspired by this challenge,in this work,we developed a Hammerstein model to describe the hysteresis nonlinearity of a piezoelectric stage.In particular,in our proposed scheme,a feedback-linearization algorithm is used to eliminate the static hysteresis nonlinearity.In addition,a composite controller based on equivalent-disturbance compensation was designed to counteract model uncertainties and external disturbances.An analysis of the stability of a closed-loop system based on this feedback-linearization algorithm and composite controller was performed,and this was followed by extensive comparative experiments using a piezoelectric stage developed in the laboratory.The experimental results confirmed that the feedback-linearization algorithm and the composite controller offer improved linearization and trajectory-tracking performance.展开更多
AIM:To describe the clinical,electrophysiological,and genetic features of an unusual case with an RDH12 homozygous pathogenic variant and reviewed the characteristics of the patients reported with the same variant.MET...AIM:To describe the clinical,electrophysiological,and genetic features of an unusual case with an RDH12 homozygous pathogenic variant and reviewed the characteristics of the patients reported with the same variant.METHODS:The patient underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination including best-corrected visual acuity,anterior segment and dilated fundus,visual field,spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(OCT)and electroretinogram(ERG).The retinal disease panel genes were sequenced through chip capture high-throughput sequencing and Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the result.Then we reviewed the characteristics of the patients reported with the same variant.RESULTS:A 30-year male presented with severe early retinal degeneration who complained night blindness,decreased visual acuity,vitreous floaters and amaurosis fugax.The best corrected vision was 0.04 OD and 0.12 OS,respectively.The fundus photo and OCT showed bilateral macular atrophy but larger areas of macular atrophy in the left eye.Autofluorescence shows bilateral symmetrical hypo-autofluorescence.ERG revealed that the amplitudes of a-and b-wave were severely decreased.Multifocal ERG showed decreased amplitudes in the local macular area.A homozygous missense variant c.146C>T(chr14:68191267)was found.The clinical characteristics of a total of 13 patients reported with the same pathologic variant varied.CONCLUSION:An unusual patient with a homozygous pathogenic variant in the c.146C>T of RDH12 which causes late-onset and asymmetric retinal degeneration are reported.The clinical manifestations of the patient with multimodal retinal imaging and functional examinations have enriched our understanding of this disease.展开更多
Elucidating the genetic basis of natural variation in grain size and weight among rice varieties can help breeders develop high-yielding varieties.We identified a novel gene,GW3a(Grain Weight 3a)(LOC_Os03g27350),that ...Elucidating the genetic basis of natural variation in grain size and weight among rice varieties can help breeders develop high-yielding varieties.We identified a novel gene,GW3a(Grain Weight 3a)(LOC_Os03g27350),that affects rice grain size and weight.gw3a mutants showed higher total starch content and dry matter accumulation than the wild type(WT),Nipponbare,suggesting that GW3a negatively regulates grain size and weight.Moreover,our study found that GW3a interacted with OsATG8 by cleaving it,suggesting that GW3a may be involved in the assembly of autophagosomes and starch degradation in plants.The haplotype analysis of GW3a showed functional differences between indica and japonica rice.Taken together,we conclude that GW3a is expressed in the autophagosome pathway regulating starch metabolism in rice,affecting yield-related traits,such as grain size,grain weight and thousand grain weight(TGW).Our findings also shed new light on autophagy-mediated yield trait regulation,proposing a possible strategy for the genetic improvement of high-yield germplasm in rice.展开更多
AIM:To identify a maculopathy patient caused by new recessive compound heterozygous variants in RP1L1.METHODS:Comprehensive retinal morphological and functional examinations were evaluated for the patient with RP1L1 m...AIM:To identify a maculopathy patient caused by new recessive compound heterozygous variants in RP1L1.METHODS:Comprehensive retinal morphological and functional examinations were evaluated for the patient with RP1L1 maculopathy.Targeted sequence capture array technique was used to screen potential pathologic variants.Polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing were used to confirm the screening results.RESULTS:Fundus examination showed round macular lesions appeared in both eyes.Optical coherence tomography showed that the inner segment/outer segment continuity was disorganized and disruptive in the left eye,but it was uneven and slightly elevated in the right eye.Fundus autofluorescence showed patchy hyper-autofluorescence in the macula.Visual field examination indicates central defects in both eyes.Electroretinogram(ERG)and multifocal ERG showed no obvious abnormalities.Fundus fluorescein angiography in the macula showed obviously irregular hyper-fluorescence in the right eye and slightly hyper-fluorescence in the left eye.We found that the proband carried a missense variant(c.1972C>T)and a deletion variant(c.4717_4718del)of RP1L1,which were originated from the parents and formed compound heterozygous variants.Both variants are likely pathogenic according to the ACMG criteria.Multimodal imaging,ERG and detailed medical history are important diagnostic tools for differentiating between acquired and inherited retinal disorders.CONCLUSION:A maculopathy case with detailed retinal phenotype and new recessive compound heterozygous variants of RP1L1 is identified in a Chinese family,which expands the understanding of phenotype and genotype in RP1L1 maculopathy.展开更多
The addition of biochar(BC)or Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)alone has been reported to promote plant growth,while their synergistic effects on Allium schoenoprasum root morphology and rhizosphere fungal community i...The addition of biochar(BC)or Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)alone has been reported to promote plant growth,while their synergistic effects on Allium schoenoprasum root morphology and rhizosphere fungal community in barren soil is still unclear.In this study,we investigated the effects of BC and AMF(Funneliformis mosseae)on plant growth and root morphology in barren soil and revealed the structure of soil fungal communities Therefore,a greenhouse pot trial consisting of five treatments was enforced.The results showed that the combination of biochar and AMF significantly improved plant biomass,nutrient uptake,mycorrhizal colonization rates and soil properties and significantly impacted rhizosphere fungal community composition and structure.Biochar significantly increased the fungal community stability and enhanced their positive correlation with plants.Our findings indicated that the combination of AMF and biochar play synergic role for plant growth and rhizosphere fungal community in barren soil.展开更多
The stellate ganglion(SG),as a type of sympathetic ganglion,consists of the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae and the first thoracic sympathetic ganglia.SG block(SGB)is a minimally invasive injection that aims to i...The stellate ganglion(SG),as a type of sympathetic ganglion,consists of the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae and the first thoracic sympathetic ganglia.SG block(SGB)is a minimally invasive injection that aims to inject low-concentration local anesthetics to induce a broad sympathetic blocking effect near the SG.There have been no changes and progress in the clinical application of SGB since the 1830s due to several potential risks,including hematoma from blood vessel injury,hoarseness from recurrent laryngeal nerve injury,and cardiopulmonary arrest.The feasibility and safety of SGB have greatly improved since the appearance of ultrasound-guided SGB.In recent years,SGB has been widely applied in the field of non-anesthesiology sedation,with significant therapeutic effects on pain,immunological diseases,somnipathy,psychological disorders,arrhythmias,and endocrine diseases.The present study reviews the present application of SGB in clinical practice.展开更多
Although solar exposure is necessary for human health,phototoxicology induced by excessive UVB and UVA radiation,which involves sunburns,skin aging and even tu-morigenesis,has been widely researched.Sunscreen is one o...Although solar exposure is necessary for human health,phototoxicology induced by excessive UVB and UVA radiation,which involves sunburns,skin aging and even tu-morigenesis,has been widely researched.Sunscreen is one of the most important ways to protect skin from UV phototoxic damage.As well as inorganic and organic UV filters,some natural products or plant extracts with aromatic rings in their structures,such as flavonoids or polyphenols,can absorb UV to reduce sunburn,acting as a natu-ral UV filter;they also show antioxidant or/and anti-inflammatory activity.This could explain why,although there are no officially approval natural commercial sun-filters,more and more commercial sunscreen products containing plant extracts are avail-able on the market.Here we summarize articles focusing on natural UV filters from plant published in the last 6 years,selecting the most significant data in order to better understand the photoprotective activity of natural products and extracts from plants,including their major constituents and main biological effects,methods for evaluating UV radiation resistance,anti-UV radiation experimental models and anti-UV radiation mechanisms.展开更多
Microbial communities,sulfur isotope of sulfides(δ^(34)S_(AVS)and δ^(34)S_(CRS)),and sulfur and oxygen isotopes of sulfate(δ^(34)S_(SO_(4))and δ^(18)O_(SO_(4)))in sediments were analyzed to reveal the biogeochemic...Microbial communities,sulfur isotope of sulfides(δ^(34)S_(AVS)and δ^(34)S_(CRS)),and sulfur and oxygen isotopes of sulfate(δ^(34)S_(SO_(4))and δ^(18)O_(SO_(4)))in sediments were analyzed to reveal the biogeochemical transformations of sulfur in a seabird-affected lake Y2 and a se abird-free YO from Fildes Peninsula,Antarctic Peninsula.The microbial communities in Y2 were mainly associated with penguin activities,while those in YO were limited by nutrients.The much enriched δ^(34)S_(SO_(4))recorded at depth of 30,41,and 52 cm in Y2indicates very strong sulfate reduction therein.The sulfur-degrading bacteria Pseudomonas in 0-23 cm of Y2 was 3.5 time s as abundant as that of sulfur oxidizing bacteria(SOB),indicating remarkable remineralization of organic sulfur.The abundant SOB and ^(34)S-depleted sulfate indicate considerable sulfur oxidation in 34-56-cm layer in Y2.In YO sediments,the highest abundance of Desulfotalea and the most enriched δ^(34)S_(SO_(4))(35.2‰)and δ^(34)S_(CRS)(2.5‰)indicate the strongest sulfate reduction in 28-cm layer.High abundance of Pseudomonas indicates active remineralization of organic sulfur in 3-5-cm layer in YO.The medium δ^(34)S_(SO_(4))and considerable abundance of SOB and sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)indicate concurrence of sulfur oxidation and sulfate reduction in other layers in YO.Therefore,a high level of organic matter input from penguin populations supported the diverse microbial community and transformations of sulfur in aquatic ecosystems in Antarctica.展开更多
The single polycrystalline diamond compact(PDC)cutter test is widely used to investigate the mecha-nism of rock-breaking.The generated cuttings and cutting force are important indexes reflecting the rock failure proce...The single polycrystalline diamond compact(PDC)cutter test is widely used to investigate the mecha-nism of rock-breaking.The generated cuttings and cutting force are important indexes reflecting the rock failure process.However,they were treated as two separate parameters in previous publications.In this study,through a series of rock block cutting tests,the relationship between them was investigated to obtain an in-depth understanding of the formation of cuttings.In addition,to validate the standpoints obtained in the aforementioned experiments,rock sheet cutting tests were conducted and the rock failure process was monitored by a high-speed camera frame by frame.The cutting force was recorded with the same sampling rate as the camera.By this design,every sampled point of cutting force can match a picture captured by the camera,which reflects the interaction between the rock and the cutter.The results indicate that the increase in cutting depth results in a transition of rock failure modes.At shallow cutting depth,ductile failure dominates and all the cuttings are produced by the compression of the cutter.The corresponding cutting force fluctuates slightly.However,beyond the critical depth,brittle failure occurs and chunk-like cuttings appear,which leads to a sharp decrease in cutting force.After that,the generation of new surface results in a significant decrease in actual cutting depth,a parameter proposed to reflect the interaction between the rock and the cutter.Consequently,ductile failure dominates again and a slight fluctuation of cutting force can be detected.As the cutter moves to the rock,the actual cutting depth gradually increases,which results in the subsequent generation of chunk-like cuttings.It is accompanied by an obvious cutting force drop.That is,ductile failure and brittle failure,one following another,present at large cutting depth.The transition of rock failure mode can be correlated with the variation of cutting force.Based on the results of this paper,the real-time monitoring of torque may be helpful to determine the efficiency of PDc bits in the downhole.展开更多
With the development and widespread use of blockchain in recent years,many projects have introduced blockchain technology to solve the growing security issues of the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT).However,due to ...With the development and widespread use of blockchain in recent years,many projects have introduced blockchain technology to solve the growing security issues of the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT).However,due to the conflict between the operational performance and security of the blockchain system and the compatibility issues with a large number of IIoT devices running together,the mainstream blockchain system cannot be applied to IIoT scenarios.In order to solve these problems,this paper proposes SBFT(Speculative Byzantine Consensus Protocol),a flexible and scalable blockchain consensus mechanism for the Industrial Internet of Things.SBFT has a consensus process based on speculation,improving the throughput and consensus speed of blockchain systems and reducing communication overhead.In order to improve the compatibility and scalability of the blockchain system,we select some nodes to participate in the consensus,and these nodes have better performance in the network.Since multiple properties determine node performance,we abstract the node selection problem as a joint optimization problem and use Dueling Deep Q Learning(DQL)to solve it.Finally,we evaluate the performance of the scheme through simulation,and the simulation results prove the superiority of our scheme.展开更多
Atmospheric pressure plasma jet(APPJ)arrays have shown a potential in a wide range of applications ranging from material processing to biomedicine.In these applications,targets with complex three-dimensional structure...Atmospheric pressure plasma jet(APPJ)arrays have shown a potential in a wide range of applications ranging from material processing to biomedicine.In these applications,targets with complex three-dimensional structures often easily affect plasma uniformity.However,the uniformity is usually crucially important in application areas such as biomedicine,etc.In this work,the flow and electric field collaborative modulations are used to improve the uniformity of the plasma downstream.Taking a two-dimensional sloped metallic substrate with a 10°inclined angle as an example,the influences of both flow and electric field on the electron and typical active species distributions downstream are studied based on a multi-field coupling model.The electric and flow fields modulations are first separately applied to test the influence.Results show that the electric field modulation has an obvious improvement on the uniformity of plasma while the flow field modulation effect is limited.Based on such outputs,a collaborative modulation of both fields is then applied,and shows a much better effect on the uniformity.To make further advances,a basic strategy of uniformity improvement is thus acquired.To achieve the goal,an artificial neural network method with reasonable accuracy is then used to predict the correlation between plasma processing parameters and downstream uniformity properties for further improvement of the plasma uniformity.An optional scheme taking advantage of the flexibility of APPJ arrays is then developed for practical demands.展开更多
基金supported by grants from China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health(2022-CKL-03)Peking University(BMU2021YJ044)supported by the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170898)。
文摘Background:Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)substantially affects quality of life and requires early prevention.This study aimed to elucidate the relationships between IBS and daily behaviors,including sedentary behavior(SB),physical activity(PA),and sleep.In particular,it seeks to identify healthy behaviors to reduce IBS risk,which previous studies have rarely addressed.Methods:Daily behaviors were retrieved from self-reported data of 362,193 eligible UK Biobank participants.Incident cases were determined by self-report or health care data according to RomeⅣcriteria.Results:A total of 345,388 participants were IBS-free at baseline,during a median follow-up of 8.45 years,19,885 incident IBS cases were recorded.When examined individually,SB and shorter(≤7 h/day)or longer(>7 h/day)sleep duration were each positively associated with increased IBS risk,and PA was associated with lower IBS risk.The isotemporal substitution model suggested that replacing SB with other activities could provide further protective effects against IBS risk.Among people sleeping≤7 h/day,replacing 1 h of SB with equivalent light PA,vigorous PA,or sleep was associated with 8.1%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.901-0.937),5.8%(95%CI:0.896-0.991),and 9.2%(95%CI:0.885-0.932)reduced IBS risk,respectively.For people sleeping>7 h/day,light and vigorous PA were associated with a 4.8%(95%CI:0.926-0.978)and a 12.0%(95%CI:0.815-0.949)lower IBS risk,respectively.These benefits were mostly independent of genetic risk for IBS.Conclusion:SB and unhealthy sleep duration are risk factors for IBS.A promising way to mitigate IBS risk for individuals sleeping≤7 h/day and for those sleeping>7 h/day appears to be by replacing SB with adequate sleep or vigorous PA,respectively,regardless of the genetic predisposition of IBS.
基金2021 Key Topic of Qinghai Provincial Health System–Guiding Plan Topic,No.2021-WJZDX-43.
文摘Immune checkpoint inhibitors augment the antitumor activity of T cells by inhibiting the negative regulatory pathway of T cells,leading to notable efficacy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer,melanoma,and other malignancies through immunotherapy utilization.However,secondary malignant liver tumors not only lower the liver's sensitivity to immunotherapy but also trigger systemic immune suppression,resulting in reduced overall effectiveness of immune therapy.Patients receiving immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma experience reduced response rates,progression-free survival,and overall survival when secondary malignant tumors develop in the liver.Through Liu's retrospective analysis,valuable insights are provided for the future clinical management of these patients.Therefore,in patients with gastric cancer(GC),the occurrence of liver metastasis might be indicative of reduced efficacy of immuno-therapy.Overcoming liver immune tolerance mechanisms and their negative impacts allows for the potential benefits of immunotherapy in patients with GC and liver metastasis.INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer(GC)ranks among the prevalent malignancies affecting the digestive system globally.Based on the latest epidemiological data[1,2],it holds the fifth position for incidence and the fourth position for mortality among all malignant tumors.GC cases and fatalities in China make up roughly half of the worldwide figures.Earlier investigations[3]have demonstrated that the median overall survival(mOS)among advanced GC patients left untreated typically ranges from 3 to 4 months.Systemic chemotherapy recipients often experience a mOS of around one year,accompanied by a marked improvement in the quality of life among patients with advanced GC.The mainstay of treatment for advanced GC patients involves chemotherapeutic medications such as fluoropyrimidines,platinum compounds,and taxanes.However,their efficacy in tumor control is constrained by acquired resistance and primary resistance.The rise of personalized precision therapy has propelled immunotherapy into the spotlight as a crucial component of comprehensive treatment[4].By blocking the negative regulatory pathways of T cells,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)boost the anti-tumor effect of T cells.Immunotherapy has brought about significant therapeutic benefits for patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer,melanoma,and related illnesses[5,6],instilling newfound hope in those with advanced GC[7].However,phase III clinical trial data[8-12]reveals that the incorporation of immunotherapy into chemotherapy regimens improves overall survival(OS)outcomes for patients with advanced GC.The liver's immune-exempt nature renders it less responsive to immunotherapy when secondary malignant tumors are present,fostering systemic immune suppression and yielding unfavorable outcomes in immune therapy[13-15].In retrospective research[16-20]pertaining to non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma,it has been observed that the presence of secondary liver malignancies may lower the response rate,progression-free survival(PFS),and OS rates in patients treated with immunotherapy,independent of factors such as tumor mutation burden and PD-L1 expression.Despite this,there is a paucity of studies examining whether the existence of secondary malignant liver tumors affects the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients diagnosed with advanced HER-2 negative GC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51934007)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20220691).
文摘Microseism,acoustic emission and electromagnetic radiation(M-A-E)data are usually used for predicting rockburst hazards.However,it is a great challenge to realize the prediction of M-A-E data.In this study,with the aid of a deep learning algorithm,a new method for the prediction of M-A-E data is proposed.In this method,an M-A-E data prediction model is built based on a variety of neural networks after analyzing numerous M-A-E data,and then the M-A-E data can be predicted.The predicted results are highly correlated with the real data collected in the field.Through field verification,the deep learning-based prediction method of M-A-E data provides quantitative prediction data for rockburst monitoring.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.19DZ2270100),China。
文摘Composite solid-state electrolytes represent a critical pathway that balances the interface compatibility and lithium-ion conductivity in all-solid-state batteries.The quest for stable and highly ion-conductive combinations between polymers and fillers is vital,but blind attempts are often made due to a lack of understanding of the mechanisms involved in the interaction between polymers and fillers.Herein,we employ in-situ polymerization to prepare a polymer based on an ether-nitrile copolymer with high cathode stability as the foundation and discuss the performance enhancement mechanisms of argyrodite and nano-alumina.With 1%content of sulfide interacting with the polymer at the two-phase interface,the local enhancement of lithium-ion migration capability can be achieved,avoiding the reduction in capacity due to the low ion conductivity of the passivation layer during cycling.The capacity retention after 50cycles at 0.5 C increases from 83.5%to 94.4%.Nano-alumina,through anchoring the anions and interface inhibition functions,eventually poses an initial discharge capacity of 136.8 m A h g^(-1)at 0.5 C and extends the cycling time to 1000 h without short-circuiting in lithium metal batteries.Through the combined action of dual fillers on the composite solid-state electrolyte,promising insights are provided for future material design.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A2051,52173297,52071133)the R&D Projects of Henan Academy of Sciences of China(No.220910009)+2 种基金the Key R&D and Promotion Projects of Henan Province of China(No.212102210441)the Joint Fund of Henan Science and Technology R&D Plan of China(No.222103810037)the Zhongyuan Scholar Workstation Funded Project of China(No.214400510028).
文摘A crystal plasticity finite element model was developed for the drawing deformation of pure copper micro wire,based on rate-dependent crystal plasticity theory.The impact of wire diameter compression ratio on the micro-mechanical deformation behavior during the wire drawing process was investigated.Results indicate that the internal deformation and slip of the drawn wire are unevenly distributed,forming distinct slip and non-slip zones.Additionally,horizontal strain concentration bands develop within the drawn wire.As the wire diameter compression ratio increases,the strength of the slip systems and the extent of slip zones inside the deformation zone also increase.However,the fluctuating stress state,induced by contact pressure and frictional stress,results in a rough and uneven wire surface and diminishes the stability of the drawing process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92267301).
文摘In recent years,the Industrial Internet and Industry 4.0 came into being.With the development of modern industrial intelligent manufacturing technology,digital twins,Web3 and many other digital entity applications are also proposed.These applications apply architectures such as distributed learning,resource sharing,and arithmetic trading,which make high demands on identity authentication,asset authentication,resource addressing,and service location.Therefore,an efficient,secure,and trustworthy Industrial Internet identity resolution system is needed.However,most of the traditional identity resolution systems follow DNS architecture or tree structure,which has the risk of a single point of failure and DDoS attack.And they cannot guarantee the security and privacy of digital identity,personal assets,and device information.So we consider a decentralized approach for identity management,identity authentication,and asset verification.In this paper,we propose a distributed trusted active identity resolution system based on the inter-planetary file system(IPFS)and non-fungible token(NFT),which can provide distributed identity resolution services.And we have designed the system architecture,identity service process,load balancing strategy and smart contract service.In addition,we use Jmeter to verify the performance of the system,and the results show that the system has good high concurrent performance and robustness.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFE0303105)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2022FRFK060021)the National MCF Energy Research and Development Program(Grant No.2019YFE03080300).
文摘The HIT-PSI is a linear plasma device built for physically simulating the high heat flux environment of future reactor divertors to test/develop advanced target plate materials.In this study,the geometry-modified SOLPS-ITER program is employed to examine the effects of the magnetic field strength and neutral pressure in the device on the heat flux experienced by the target plate of the HIT-PSI device.The findings of the numerical simulation indicate a positive correlation between the magnetic field strength and the heat flux density.Conversely,there is a negative correlation observed between the heat flux density and the neutral pressure.When the magnetic field strength at the axis exceeds 1 tesla and the neutral pressure falls below 10 Pa,the HIT-PSI has the capability to attain a heat flux of 10 MW·m-2 at the target plate.The simulation results offer a valuable point of reference for subsequent experiments at HIT-PSI.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2022YFB3206700)the Independent Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission (Grant No.SKLMT-ZZKT-2022M06)the Innovation Group Science Fund of Chongqing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.cstc2019jcyj-cxttX0003).
文摘Piezoelectric stages use piezoelectric actuators and flexure hinges as driving and amplifying mechanisms,respectively.These systems have high positioning accuracy and high-frequency responses,and they are widely used in various precision/ultra-precision positioning fields.However,the main challenge with these devices is the inherent hysteresis nonlinearity of piezoelectric actuators,which seriously affects the tracking accuracy of a piezoelectric stage.Inspired by this challenge,in this work,we developed a Hammerstein model to describe the hysteresis nonlinearity of a piezoelectric stage.In particular,in our proposed scheme,a feedback-linearization algorithm is used to eliminate the static hysteresis nonlinearity.In addition,a composite controller based on equivalent-disturbance compensation was designed to counteract model uncertainties and external disturbances.An analysis of the stability of a closed-loop system based on this feedback-linearization algorithm and composite controller was performed,and this was followed by extensive comparative experiments using a piezoelectric stage developed in the laboratory.The experimental results confirmed that the feedback-linearization algorithm and the composite controller offer improved linearization and trajectory-tracking performance.
基金Supported by Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,Shenzhen,China(No.JCYJ20200109145001814,No.SGDX20211123120001001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81970790)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM202011015).
文摘AIM:To describe the clinical,electrophysiological,and genetic features of an unusual case with an RDH12 homozygous pathogenic variant and reviewed the characteristics of the patients reported with the same variant.METHODS:The patient underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination including best-corrected visual acuity,anterior segment and dilated fundus,visual field,spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(OCT)and electroretinogram(ERG).The retinal disease panel genes were sequenced through chip capture high-throughput sequencing and Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the result.Then we reviewed the characteristics of the patients reported with the same variant.RESULTS:A 30-year male presented with severe early retinal degeneration who complained night blindness,decreased visual acuity,vitreous floaters and amaurosis fugax.The best corrected vision was 0.04 OD and 0.12 OS,respectively.The fundus photo and OCT showed bilateral macular atrophy but larger areas of macular atrophy in the left eye.Autofluorescence shows bilateral symmetrical hypo-autofluorescence.ERG revealed that the amplitudes of a-and b-wave were severely decreased.Multifocal ERG showed decreased amplitudes in the local macular area.A homozygous missense variant c.146C>T(chr14:68191267)was found.The clinical characteristics of a total of 13 patients reported with the same pathologic variant varied.CONCLUSION:An unusual patient with a homozygous pathogenic variant in the c.146C>T of RDH12 which causes late-onset and asymmetric retinal degeneration are reported.The clinical manifestations of the patient with multimodal retinal imaging and functional examinations have enriched our understanding of this disease.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160485)Jiangxi Double Thousand Plan(jxsq2023201057)Key R&D Plan of Jiangxi Province(20224BBF62001,20224BBF61030).
文摘Elucidating the genetic basis of natural variation in grain size and weight among rice varieties can help breeders develop high-yielding varieties.We identified a novel gene,GW3a(Grain Weight 3a)(LOC_Os03g27350),that affects rice grain size and weight.gw3a mutants showed higher total starch content and dry matter accumulation than the wild type(WT),Nipponbare,suggesting that GW3a negatively regulates grain size and weight.Moreover,our study found that GW3a interacted with OsATG8 by cleaving it,suggesting that GW3a may be involved in the assembly of autophagosomes and starch degradation in plants.The haplotype analysis of GW3a showed functional differences between indica and japonica rice.Taken together,we conclude that GW3a is expressed in the autophagosome pathway regulating starch metabolism in rice,affecting yield-related traits,such as grain size,grain weight and thousand grain weight(TGW).Our findings also shed new light on autophagy-mediated yield trait regulation,proposing a possible strategy for the genetic improvement of high-yield germplasm in rice.
基金Supported by Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,Shenzhen,China(No.JCYJ20200109145001814,No.SGDX20211123120001001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81970790)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM202011015).
文摘AIM:To identify a maculopathy patient caused by new recessive compound heterozygous variants in RP1L1.METHODS:Comprehensive retinal morphological and functional examinations were evaluated for the patient with RP1L1 maculopathy.Targeted sequence capture array technique was used to screen potential pathologic variants.Polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing were used to confirm the screening results.RESULTS:Fundus examination showed round macular lesions appeared in both eyes.Optical coherence tomography showed that the inner segment/outer segment continuity was disorganized and disruptive in the left eye,but it was uneven and slightly elevated in the right eye.Fundus autofluorescence showed patchy hyper-autofluorescence in the macula.Visual field examination indicates central defects in both eyes.Electroretinogram(ERG)and multifocal ERG showed no obvious abnormalities.Fundus fluorescein angiography in the macula showed obviously irregular hyper-fluorescence in the right eye and slightly hyper-fluorescence in the left eye.We found that the proband carried a missense variant(c.1972C>T)and a deletion variant(c.4717_4718del)of RP1L1,which were originated from the parents and formed compound heterozygous variants.Both variants are likely pathogenic according to the ACMG criteria.Multimodal imaging,ERG and detailed medical history are important diagnostic tools for differentiating between acquired and inherited retinal disorders.CONCLUSION:A maculopathy case with detailed retinal phenotype and new recessive compound heterozygous variants of RP1L1 is identified in a Chinese family,which expands the understanding of phenotype and genotype in RP1L1 maculopathy.
基金the Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province(Grant No.202204c06020021)Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U21A20235 and 32201308).
文摘The addition of biochar(BC)or Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)alone has been reported to promote plant growth,while their synergistic effects on Allium schoenoprasum root morphology and rhizosphere fungal community in barren soil is still unclear.In this study,we investigated the effects of BC and AMF(Funneliformis mosseae)on plant growth and root morphology in barren soil and revealed the structure of soil fungal communities Therefore,a greenhouse pot trial consisting of five treatments was enforced.The results showed that the combination of biochar and AMF significantly improved plant biomass,nutrient uptake,mycorrhizal colonization rates and soil properties and significantly impacted rhizosphere fungal community composition and structure.Biochar significantly increased the fungal community stability and enhanced their positive correlation with plants.Our findings indicated that the combination of AMF and biochar play synergic role for plant growth and rhizosphere fungal community in barren soil.
文摘The stellate ganglion(SG),as a type of sympathetic ganglion,consists of the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae and the first thoracic sympathetic ganglia.SG block(SGB)is a minimally invasive injection that aims to inject low-concentration local anesthetics to induce a broad sympathetic blocking effect near the SG.There have been no changes and progress in the clinical application of SGB since the 1830s due to several potential risks,including hematoma from blood vessel injury,hoarseness from recurrent laryngeal nerve injury,and cardiopulmonary arrest.The feasibility and safety of SGB have greatly improved since the appearance of ultrasound-guided SGB.In recent years,SGB has been widely applied in the field of non-anesthesiology sedation,with significant therapeutic effects on pain,immunological diseases,somnipathy,psychological disorders,arrhythmias,and endocrine diseases.The present study reviews the present application of SGB in clinical practice.
基金supported by Henan Provincial Department of Education(No.21B350001)Zhengzhou science and technology department(No.ZZSZX202109 and ZZSZX202108).
文摘Although solar exposure is necessary for human health,phototoxicology induced by excessive UVB and UVA radiation,which involves sunburns,skin aging and even tu-morigenesis,has been widely researched.Sunscreen is one of the most important ways to protect skin from UV phototoxic damage.As well as inorganic and organic UV filters,some natural products or plant extracts with aromatic rings in their structures,such as flavonoids or polyphenols,can absorb UV to reduce sunburn,acting as a natu-ral UV filter;they also show antioxidant or/and anti-inflammatory activity.This could explain why,although there are no officially approval natural commercial sun-filters,more and more commercial sunscreen products containing plant extracts are avail-able on the market.Here we summarize articles focusing on natural UV filters from plant published in the last 6 years,selecting the most significant data in order to better understand the photoprotective activity of natural products and extracts from plants,including their major constituents and main biological effects,methods for evaluating UV radiation resistance,anti-UV radiation experimental models and anti-UV radiation mechanisms.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41476165)the University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province(No.KJ2019A0042)。
文摘Microbial communities,sulfur isotope of sulfides(δ^(34)S_(AVS)and δ^(34)S_(CRS)),and sulfur and oxygen isotopes of sulfate(δ^(34)S_(SO_(4))and δ^(18)O_(SO_(4)))in sediments were analyzed to reveal the biogeochemical transformations of sulfur in a seabird-affected lake Y2 and a se abird-free YO from Fildes Peninsula,Antarctic Peninsula.The microbial communities in Y2 were mainly associated with penguin activities,while those in YO were limited by nutrients.The much enriched δ^(34)S_(SO_(4))recorded at depth of 30,41,and 52 cm in Y2indicates very strong sulfate reduction therein.The sulfur-degrading bacteria Pseudomonas in 0-23 cm of Y2 was 3.5 time s as abundant as that of sulfur oxidizing bacteria(SOB),indicating remarkable remineralization of organic sulfur.The abundant SOB and ^(34)S-depleted sulfate indicate considerable sulfur oxidation in 34-56-cm layer in Y2.In YO sediments,the highest abundance of Desulfotalea and the most enriched δ^(34)S_(SO_(4))(35.2‰)and δ^(34)S_(CRS)(2.5‰)indicate the strongest sulfate reduction in 28-cm layer.High abundance of Pseudomonas indicates active remineralization of organic sulfur in 3-5-cm layer in YO.The medium δ^(34)S_(SO_(4))and considerable abundance of SOB and sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)indicate concurrence of sulfur oxidation and sulfate reduction in other layers in YO.Therefore,a high level of organic matter input from penguin populations supported the diverse microbial community and transformations of sulfur in aquatic ecosystems in Antarctica.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52204004)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(51725404)。
文摘The single polycrystalline diamond compact(PDC)cutter test is widely used to investigate the mecha-nism of rock-breaking.The generated cuttings and cutting force are important indexes reflecting the rock failure process.However,they were treated as two separate parameters in previous publications.In this study,through a series of rock block cutting tests,the relationship between them was investigated to obtain an in-depth understanding of the formation of cuttings.In addition,to validate the standpoints obtained in the aforementioned experiments,rock sheet cutting tests were conducted and the rock failure process was monitored by a high-speed camera frame by frame.The cutting force was recorded with the same sampling rate as the camera.By this design,every sampled point of cutting force can match a picture captured by the camera,which reflects the interaction between the rock and the cutter.The results indicate that the increase in cutting depth results in a transition of rock failure modes.At shallow cutting depth,ductile failure dominates and all the cuttings are produced by the compression of the cutter.The corresponding cutting force fluctuates slightly.However,beyond the critical depth,brittle failure occurs and chunk-like cuttings appear,which leads to a sharp decrease in cutting force.After that,the generation of new surface results in a significant decrease in actual cutting depth,a parameter proposed to reflect the interaction between the rock and the cutter.Consequently,ductile failure dominates again and a slight fluctuation of cutting force can be detected.As the cutter moves to the rock,the actual cutting depth gradually increases,which results in the subsequent generation of chunk-like cuttings.It is accompanied by an obvious cutting force drop.That is,ductile failure and brittle failure,one following another,present at large cutting depth.The transition of rock failure mode can be correlated with the variation of cutting force.Based on the results of this paper,the real-time monitoring of torque may be helpful to determine the efficiency of PDc bits in the downhole.
文摘With the development and widespread use of blockchain in recent years,many projects have introduced blockchain technology to solve the growing security issues of the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT).However,due to the conflict between the operational performance and security of the blockchain system and the compatibility issues with a large number of IIoT devices running together,the mainstream blockchain system cannot be applied to IIoT scenarios.In order to solve these problems,this paper proposes SBFT(Speculative Byzantine Consensus Protocol),a flexible and scalable blockchain consensus mechanism for the Industrial Internet of Things.SBFT has a consensus process based on speculation,improving the throughput and consensus speed of blockchain systems and reducing communication overhead.In order to improve the compatibility and scalability of the blockchain system,we select some nodes to participate in the consensus,and these nodes have better performance in the network.Since multiple properties determine node performance,we abstract the node selection problem as a joint optimization problem and use Dueling Deep Q Learning(DQL)to solve it.Finally,we evaluate the performance of the scheme through simulation,and the simulation results prove the superiority of our scheme.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51577044 and 52022026).
文摘Atmospheric pressure plasma jet(APPJ)arrays have shown a potential in a wide range of applications ranging from material processing to biomedicine.In these applications,targets with complex three-dimensional structures often easily affect plasma uniformity.However,the uniformity is usually crucially important in application areas such as biomedicine,etc.In this work,the flow and electric field collaborative modulations are used to improve the uniformity of the plasma downstream.Taking a two-dimensional sloped metallic substrate with a 10°inclined angle as an example,the influences of both flow and electric field on the electron and typical active species distributions downstream are studied based on a multi-field coupling model.The electric and flow fields modulations are first separately applied to test the influence.Results show that the electric field modulation has an obvious improvement on the uniformity of plasma while the flow field modulation effect is limited.Based on such outputs,a collaborative modulation of both fields is then applied,and shows a much better effect on the uniformity.To make further advances,a basic strategy of uniformity improvement is thus acquired.To achieve the goal,an artificial neural network method with reasonable accuracy is then used to predict the correlation between plasma processing parameters and downstream uniformity properties for further improvement of the plasma uniformity.An optional scheme taking advantage of the flexibility of APPJ arrays is then developed for practical demands.
