目的系统阐述局部作用的鼻用喷雾剂和鼻用气雾剂生物等效性(bioequivalence,BE)评估背景,以及美国、欧盟和中国监管机构对该类复杂药械组合BE评估的基本要求。方法详细解释美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)采...目的系统阐述局部作用的鼻用喷雾剂和鼻用气雾剂生物等效性(bioequivalence,BE)评估背景,以及美国、欧盟和中国监管机构对该类复杂药械组合BE评估的基本要求。方法详细解释美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)采用的创新性证据加权理念,和该类制剂BE评估的统计学原理、方法和考量。通过FDA颁布的布地奈德吸入混悬液指导原则和丙酸氟替卡松鼻用喷雾剂指导原则草案中的计算方法,通过R语言编程计算双侧和单侧群体生物等效性(population bioequivalence,PBE)计算统计学参数,并提供计算程序的伪代码。介绍了欧盟和中国对于鼻用喷雾剂和鼻用气雾剂相关的指导原则和评审理念。结果与结论局部作用的鼻用喷雾剂/鼻用气雾剂为近年来新药及仿制药开发的热点,本文为该类制剂的研发、质量控制以及仿制制剂BE评价提供有益的思路与参考。展开更多
Background The bacterial endotoxins test （BET） is a method used to detect or quantify endotoxins （lipo-polysaccharide,LPS） and is widely used in the quality control of parenteral medicines/vaccines and clinical di...Background The bacterial endotoxins test （BET） is a method used to detect or quantify endotoxins （lipo-polysaccharide,LPS） and is widely used in the quality control of parenteral medicines/vaccines and clinical dialysis fluid.It is also used in the diagnosis of endotoxemia and in detection of environment air quality control.Although BET has been adopted by most pharmacopoeias,result judgment algorithms （RJAs） of the test for interfering factors in the BET still differ between certain pharmacopoeias.We have evaluated RJAs of the test for interfering factors for the revision of BET described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 （CHP2010）.Methods Original data from 1 748 samples were judged by RJAs of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010,the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 2011 （JP2011）,the European Pharmacopoeia 7.0 （EP7.0）,the United States Pharmacopoeia 36 （USP36）,and the Indian Pharmacopoeia 2010 （IP2010）,respectively.A SAS software package was used in the statistical analysis.Results The results using CHP2010 and USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 had no significant difference （P=-0.7740）.The results using CHP2010 of 1 748 samples showed that 132 samples （7.6%） required an additional step; nevertheless there was no such requirement when using the other pharmacopeias.The kappa value of two RJAs （CHP2010 and EP7.0） was 0.6900 （0.6297-0.7504） indicating that the CHP2010 and other pharmacopoeias have good consistency.Conclusions The results using CHP2010 and USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 have different characteristics.CHP2010 method shows a good performance in Specificity,mistake diagnostic rate,agreement rate,predictive value for suspicious rate,and predictive value for passed rate.The CHP2010 method only had disadvantages in sensitivity compared with other pharmacopeias.We suggest that the Chinese pharmacopoeia interference test be revised in accordance with the USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 judgment model.展开更多
Endotoxins have been credited for over 50% of sepsis cases, with significantly greater mortality.1 A literature indicates wide-spread agreement that early detection of endotoxemia, endotoxin in the bloodstream, is th...Endotoxins have been credited for over 50% of sepsis cases, with significantly greater mortality.1 A literature indicates wide-spread agreement that early detection of endotoxemia, endotoxin in the bloodstream, is the major key for patient survival from sepsis.2 Today the most popular endotoxin detection system is bacterial endotoxins test （BET）, adopted by most pharmacopoeias. Interference test is a part of the bacterial endotoxin inspection method, used to judge whether the sample can be applied in BET. However, Limuloid resources are exhausted in China, which is an important source for LAL. Here, we reported 5 simple models for interfering factors test in the BET, and compared new models with the United States Pharmacopoeia 36 （USP36）.展开更多
文摘目的系统阐述局部作用的鼻用喷雾剂和鼻用气雾剂生物等效性(bioequivalence,BE)评估背景,以及美国、欧盟和中国监管机构对该类复杂药械组合BE评估的基本要求。方法详细解释美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)采用的创新性证据加权理念,和该类制剂BE评估的统计学原理、方法和考量。通过FDA颁布的布地奈德吸入混悬液指导原则和丙酸氟替卡松鼻用喷雾剂指导原则草案中的计算方法,通过R语言编程计算双侧和单侧群体生物等效性(population bioequivalence,PBE)计算统计学参数,并提供计算程序的伪代码。介绍了欧盟和中国对于鼻用喷雾剂和鼻用气雾剂相关的指导原则和评审理念。结果与结论局部作用的鼻用喷雾剂/鼻用气雾剂为近年来新药及仿制药开发的热点,本文为该类制剂的研发、质量控制以及仿制制剂BE评价提供有益的思路与参考。
文摘Background The bacterial endotoxins test （BET） is a method used to detect or quantify endotoxins （lipo-polysaccharide,LPS） and is widely used in the quality control of parenteral medicines/vaccines and clinical dialysis fluid.It is also used in the diagnosis of endotoxemia and in detection of environment air quality control.Although BET has been adopted by most pharmacopoeias,result judgment algorithms （RJAs） of the test for interfering factors in the BET still differ between certain pharmacopoeias.We have evaluated RJAs of the test for interfering factors for the revision of BET described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 （CHP2010）.Methods Original data from 1 748 samples were judged by RJAs of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010,the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 2011 （JP2011）,the European Pharmacopoeia 7.0 （EP7.0）,the United States Pharmacopoeia 36 （USP36）,and the Indian Pharmacopoeia 2010 （IP2010）,respectively.A SAS software package was used in the statistical analysis.Results The results using CHP2010 and USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 had no significant difference （P=-0.7740）.The results using CHP2010 of 1 748 samples showed that 132 samples （7.6%） required an additional step; nevertheless there was no such requirement when using the other pharmacopeias.The kappa value of two RJAs （CHP2010 and EP7.0） was 0.6900 （0.6297-0.7504） indicating that the CHP2010 and other pharmacopoeias have good consistency.Conclusions The results using CHP2010 and USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 have different characteristics.CHP2010 method shows a good performance in Specificity,mistake diagnostic rate,agreement rate,predictive value for suspicious rate,and predictive value for passed rate.The CHP2010 method only had disadvantages in sensitivity compared with other pharmacopeias.We suggest that the Chinese pharmacopoeia interference test be revised in accordance with the USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 judgment model.
文摘Endotoxins have been credited for over 50% of sepsis cases, with significantly greater mortality.1 A literature indicates wide-spread agreement that early detection of endotoxemia, endotoxin in the bloodstream, is the major key for patient survival from sepsis.2 Today the most popular endotoxin detection system is bacterial endotoxins test （BET）, adopted by most pharmacopoeias. Interference test is a part of the bacterial endotoxin inspection method, used to judge whether the sample can be applied in BET. However, Limuloid resources are exhausted in China, which is an important source for LAL. Here, we reported 5 simple models for interfering factors test in the BET, and compared new models with the United States Pharmacopoeia 36 （USP36）.
