The transformation of aldose to ketose or common sugars into rare saccharides,including rare ketoses and aldoses,is of great value and interest to the food industry and for saccharidic biomass utilization,medicine,and...The transformation of aldose to ketose or common sugars into rare saccharides,including rare ketoses and aldoses,is of great value and interest to the food industry and for saccharidic biomass utilization,medicine,and the synthesis of drugs.Nowadays,high-fructose corn syrup(HFCS)is industrially produced in more than 10 million tons annually using immobilized glucose isomerase.Some low-calorie saccharides such as tagatose and psicose,which are becoming popular sweeteners,have also been produced on a pilot scale in order to replace sucrose and HFCS.However,current catalysts and catalytic processes are still difficult to utilize in biomass conversion and also have strong substrate dependence in producing high-value,rare sugars.Considering the specific reaction properties of saccharides and catalysts,since the pioneering discovery by Fischer,various catalysts and catalytic systems have been discovered or developed in attempts to extend the reaction pathways,improve the reaction efficiency,and to potentially produce commercial products.In this review,we trace the history of sugar isomerization/epimerization reactions and summarize the important breakthroughs for each reaction as well as the difficulties that remain unresolved to date.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to explore a method for the high-yield production of hydrogen by pyrolysis and steam reforming of polymer plastics.The developed Fe-based catalyst supported on activated carbon was applied...The purpose of this study is to explore a method for the high-yield production of hydrogen by pyrolysis and steam reforming of polymer plastics.The developed Fe-based catalyst supported on activated carbon was applied to reactions with polypropylene for hydrogen production.The effects of iron loading(%)in the catalyst,the total catalyst amount,and the water content in the reaction atmosphere on the performance of hydrogen and gas production were investigated.Under the optimal conditions,the hydrogen yield without water added reached 38.73 mmol/gPP,and this yield was significantly improved by adding water into the reaction atmosphere.By optimizing the amount of water added,the hydrogen yield reached 112.71 mmol/gPP.The surface morphology and structural components of the fresh and used catalysts were characterized,and the morphology and quantity of carbon deposition on the catalyst were analysed.The catalytic stability of the 15Fe/AC catalyst was determined by repeating the test 10 times under the optimal reaction conditions.As the reaction time increased,the selectivity of the catalyst for hydrogen decreased and that for hydrocarbons increased.Moreover,the experimental method used in this study had excellent hydrogen production capacity.Thus,this study provided a novel method for the high-efficiency production of hydrogen by pyrolysis and steam reforming of polymer plastics.展开更多
基金Financial support by Dual Initiative Project of Jiangsu Province and Changzhou University is gratefully acknowledgedSample analysis supported by Analysis and Testing Center,NERC Biomass of Changzhou University was also greatly acknowledged.
文摘The transformation of aldose to ketose or common sugars into rare saccharides,including rare ketoses and aldoses,is of great value and interest to the food industry and for saccharidic biomass utilization,medicine,and the synthesis of drugs.Nowadays,high-fructose corn syrup(HFCS)is industrially produced in more than 10 million tons annually using immobilized glucose isomerase.Some low-calorie saccharides such as tagatose and psicose,which are becoming popular sweeteners,have also been produced on a pilot scale in order to replace sucrose and HFCS.However,current catalysts and catalytic processes are still difficult to utilize in biomass conversion and also have strong substrate dependence in producing high-value,rare sugars.Considering the specific reaction properties of saccharides and catalysts,since the pioneering discovery by Fischer,various catalysts and catalytic systems have been discovered or developed in attempts to extend the reaction pathways,improve the reaction efficiency,and to potentially produce commercial products.In this review,we trace the history of sugar isomerization/epimerization reactions and summarize the important breakthroughs for each reaction as well as the difficulties that remain unresolved to date.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC1906803)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-044).
文摘The purpose of this study is to explore a method for the high-yield production of hydrogen by pyrolysis and steam reforming of polymer plastics.The developed Fe-based catalyst supported on activated carbon was applied to reactions with polypropylene for hydrogen production.The effects of iron loading(%)in the catalyst,the total catalyst amount,and the water content in the reaction atmosphere on the performance of hydrogen and gas production were investigated.Under the optimal conditions,the hydrogen yield without water added reached 38.73 mmol/gPP,and this yield was significantly improved by adding water into the reaction atmosphere.By optimizing the amount of water added,the hydrogen yield reached 112.71 mmol/gPP.The surface morphology and structural components of the fresh and used catalysts were characterized,and the morphology and quantity of carbon deposition on the catalyst were analysed.The catalytic stability of the 15Fe/AC catalyst was determined by repeating the test 10 times under the optimal reaction conditions.As the reaction time increased,the selectivity of the catalyst for hydrogen decreased and that for hydrocarbons increased.Moreover,the experimental method used in this study had excellent hydrogen production capacity.Thus,this study provided a novel method for the high-efficiency production of hydrogen by pyrolysis and steam reforming of polymer plastics.
