The lower hybrid current drive is a potential candidate for sustaining plasma current in tokamak steady-state oper-ations,which could be used in China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR)with input power up to a few...The lower hybrid current drive is a potential candidate for sustaining plasma current in tokamak steady-state oper-ations,which could be used in China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR)with input power up to a few tens of megawatts.Such high input power could trigger the well-known parametric instabilities(PIs)at the plasma edge affect-ing the propagation and absorption of the lower hybrid pump waves.By analytically solving the nonlinear dispersion relation describing PIs,an explicit expression of the PI growth rate is obtained and analyzed in detail.It is found that pressure is the key parameter determining the PI characteristics.Ion sound quasi-mode is the dominant decay channel in the low-pressure regime,while the ion cyclotron quasi-mode(ICQM),as well as its harmonics,becomes dominant in the intermediate regime.In the high-pressure regime,only one mixed channel is found,which is related to Landau damping by free-streaming ions.Analytical expressions of growth rates of these decay channels are also obtained to show the parameter dependence at different pressure limits.The above analytical results are used to estimate the PIs on a typical profile of CFETR,and verified by corresponding numerical calculations.ICQM is found to be the strongest decay channel with a considerable growth rate for CFETR.展开更多
Charge transport in oil impregnated paper impacts the insulation performance of a transformer.This paper proposes a simulation method for the charge transport in oil impregnated paper insulation.The transient upstream...Charge transport in oil impregnated paper impacts the insulation performance of a transformer.This paper proposes a simulation method for the charge transport in oil impregnated paper insulation.The transient upstream finite element method(FEM)is applied to the transport equations of bipolar charges for establishing a numerical simulation model of charge transport in oil impregnated paper insulation.The method is validated by experimental results.The charge transport and electric field distribution in single-layer oil impregnated paper insulation under different temperature gradients is simulated.The trends of the simulation results are seen to agree with the corresponding experimental results.This paper conducts exploratory research into the simulation of charge transportation phenomenon in oil impregnated paper,and is of importance to the design of oil impregnated paper insulation.展开更多
Osteogenic differentiation is the basis of bone growth and repair related to many diseases,in which evaluating the degree and ability of osteogenic transformation is quite important and highly desirable.However,fixing...Osteogenic differentiation is the basis of bone growth and repair related to many diseases,in which evaluating the degree and ability of osteogenic transformation is quite important and highly desirable.However,fixing or stopping the growth of cells is required for conventional methods to monitor osteogenic differentiation,which cannot realize the full investigation of the dynamic process.Herein,a new anion conjugated polymer featuring aggregation-induced emission(AIE)characteristics is developed with excellent solubility for in-situ monitoring the process of osteogenic differentiation.This novel polymer can bind with osteogenic differentiated cells,and the intracellular fluorescence increases gradually with the enhancement of osteogenic differentiation.Moreover,it possesses good biosafety with negligible effect on cell activity and osteogenic differentiation,which cannot be realized by the typical method of Alizarin Red S staining.Further study shows that the polymer crosses the cell membrane through endocytosis and enriches in lysosomes,whereas no obvious fluorescence is detected with other cells,including non-differentiated osteoblast cells,under the same conditions,demonstrating the high selectivity.This is the first fluorescent probe with excellent specificity to realize real-time observation of the process of osteogenic differentiation.Therefore,PTB-EDTA shows great promise in the study of osteogenic differentiation and related applications.展开更多
Unnatural reaction in the living cells is a powerful tool for biological research. However, the polymerization inside cells is rarely reported. In this work, a lab-in-cell is illustrated based on our developed spontan...Unnatural reaction in the living cells is a powerful tool for biological research. However, the polymerization inside cells is rarely reported. In this work, a lab-in-cell is illustrated based on our developed spontaneous amino-yne click polymerization. Carbonyl group activated terminal diyne can spontaneously polymerize with tetraphenylethene(TPE)-containing primary diamine inside cells, and polymer with weight-average molecular weight of 7,300 was yielded. By utilizing this in vivo amino-yne click polymerization and taking advantage of the aggregation-induced emission feature of TPE, a "turn-on" cell imaging was realized,and in-situ killing of cells was also acquired by destroying the structures of actin and tubulin, which cannot be realized by preprepared polymer. This strategy provides a useful platform and holds great promise in biochemistry and therapy applications.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFE0300406 and 2019YFE00308050)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11975272,12175274,12005258,and 11705236)。
文摘The lower hybrid current drive is a potential candidate for sustaining plasma current in tokamak steady-state oper-ations,which could be used in China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR)with input power up to a few tens of megawatts.Such high input power could trigger the well-known parametric instabilities(PIs)at the plasma edge affect-ing the propagation and absorption of the lower hybrid pump waves.By analytically solving the nonlinear dispersion relation describing PIs,an explicit expression of the PI growth rate is obtained and analyzed in detail.It is found that pressure is the key parameter determining the PI characteristics.Ion sound quasi-mode is the dominant decay channel in the low-pressure regime,while the ion cyclotron quasi-mode(ICQM),as well as its harmonics,becomes dominant in the intermediate regime.In the high-pressure regime,only one mixed channel is found,which is related to Landau damping by free-streaming ions.Analytical expressions of growth rates of these decay channels are also obtained to show the parameter dependence at different pressure limits.The above analytical results are used to estimate the PIs on a typical profile of CFETR,and verified by corresponding numerical calculations.ICQM is found to be the strongest decay channel with a considerable growth rate for CFETR.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)(2011CB209404)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51477120).
文摘Charge transport in oil impregnated paper impacts the insulation performance of a transformer.This paper proposes a simulation method for the charge transport in oil impregnated paper insulation.The transient upstream finite element method(FEM)is applied to the transport equations of bipolar charges for establishing a numerical simulation model of charge transport in oil impregnated paper insulation.The method is validated by experimental results.The charge transport and electric field distribution in single-layer oil impregnated paper insulation under different temperature gradients is simulated.The trends of the simulation results are seen to agree with the corresponding experimental results.This paper conducts exploratory research into the simulation of charge transportation phenomenon in oil impregnated paper,and is of importance to the design of oil impregnated paper insulation.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2019A1515012074).
文摘Osteogenic differentiation is the basis of bone growth and repair related to many diseases,in which evaluating the degree and ability of osteogenic transformation is quite important and highly desirable.However,fixing or stopping the growth of cells is required for conventional methods to monitor osteogenic differentiation,which cannot realize the full investigation of the dynamic process.Herein,a new anion conjugated polymer featuring aggregation-induced emission(AIE)characteristics is developed with excellent solubility for in-situ monitoring the process of osteogenic differentiation.This novel polymer can bind with osteogenic differentiated cells,and the intracellular fluorescence increases gradually with the enhancement of osteogenic differentiation.Moreover,it possesses good biosafety with negligible effect on cell activity and osteogenic differentiation,which cannot be realized by the typical method of Alizarin Red S staining.Further study shows that the polymer crosses the cell membrane through endocytosis and enriches in lysosomes,whereas no obvious fluorescence is detected with other cells,including non-differentiated osteoblast cells,under the same conditions,demonstrating the high selectivity.This is the first fluorescent probe with excellent specificity to realize real-time observation of the process of osteogenic differentiation.Therefore,PTB-EDTA shows great promise in the study of osteogenic differentiation and related applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21788102,21525417,21490571)the National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals,the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2016A030312002,2018A030313763,2019B030301003)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2015ZY013)the Innovation and Technology Commission of Hong Kong(ITC-CNERC14S01)
文摘Unnatural reaction in the living cells is a powerful tool for biological research. However, the polymerization inside cells is rarely reported. In this work, a lab-in-cell is illustrated based on our developed spontaneous amino-yne click polymerization. Carbonyl group activated terminal diyne can spontaneously polymerize with tetraphenylethene(TPE)-containing primary diamine inside cells, and polymer with weight-average molecular weight of 7,300 was yielded. By utilizing this in vivo amino-yne click polymerization and taking advantage of the aggregation-induced emission feature of TPE, a "turn-on" cell imaging was realized,and in-situ killing of cells was also acquired by destroying the structures of actin and tubulin, which cannot be realized by preprepared polymer. This strategy provides a useful platform and holds great promise in biochemistry and therapy applications.
