Methamphetamine addiction is a brain disorder characterized by persistent drug-seeking behavior, which has been linked with aberrant synaptic plasticity. An increasing body of evidence suggests that aberrant synaptic ...Methamphetamine addiction is a brain disorder characterized by persistent drug-seeking behavior, which has been linked with aberrant synaptic plasticity. An increasing body of evidence suggests that aberrant synaptic plasticity is associated with the activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing-3(NLRP3) inflammasome. 3′-Deoxyadenosin, an active component of the Chinese fungus Cordyceps militaris, has strong anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether 3′-deoxyadenosin attenuates methamphetamine-induced aberrant synaptic plasticity via an NLRP3-mediated inflammatory mechanism remains unclear. We first observed that 3′-deoxyadenosin attenuated conditioned place preference scores in methamphetamine-treated mice and decreased the expression of c-fos in hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, we found that 3′-deoxyadenosin reduced the aberrant potentiation of glutamatergic transmission and restored the methamphetamine-induced impairment of synaptic plasticity. We also found that 3′-deoxyadenosin decreased the expression of NLRP3 and neuronal injury. Importantly, a direct NLRP3 deficiency reduced methamphetamine-induced seeking behavior, attenuated the impaired synaptic plasticity, and prevented neuronal damage. Finally, NLRP3 activation reversed the effect of 3′-deoxyadenosin on behavior and synaptic plasticity, suggesting that the anti-neuroinflammatory mechanism of 3′-deoxyadenosin on aberrant synaptic plasticity reduces methamphetamine-induced seeking behavior. Taken together, 3′-deoxyadenosin alleviates methamphetamine-induced aberrant synaptic plasticity and seeking behavior by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome.展开更多
Peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading refers to a type of decentralized transaction,where the energy from distributed energy resources is directly traded between peers.A key challenge in peer-to-peer energy trading is desig...Peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading refers to a type of decentralized transaction,where the energy from distributed energy resources is directly traded between peers.A key challenge in peer-to-peer energy trading is designing a safe,efficient,and transparent trading model and operating mechanism.In this study,we consider a P2P trading environment based on blockchain technology,where prosumers can submit bids or offers without knowing the reports of others.We propose an Arrow-d’Aspremont-Gerard-Varet(AGV)-based mechanism to encourage prosumers to submit their real reserve price and determine the P2P transaction price.We demonstrate that the AGV mechanism can achieve Bayesian incentive compatibility and budget balance.Kernel density estimation(KDE)is used to derive the prior distribution from the historical bid/offer information of the agents.Case studies are carried out to analyze and evaluate the proposed mechanism.Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism in guiding agents to report the true reserve price while maximizing social welfare.Moreover,we discuss the advantages of budget balance for decentralized trading by comparing the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves(VCG)and AGV mechanisms.展开更多
Multi-energy microgrids(MEMG)play an important role in promoting carbon neutrality and achieving sustainable development.This study investigates an effective energy management strategy(EMS)for MEMG.First,an energy man...Multi-energy microgrids(MEMG)play an important role in promoting carbon neutrality and achieving sustainable development.This study investigates an effective energy management strategy(EMS)for MEMG.First,an energy management system model that allows for intra-microgrid energy conversion is developed,and the corresponding Markov decision process(MDP)problem is formulated.Subsequently,an improved double deep Q network(iDDQN)algorithm is proposed to enhance the exploration ability by modifying the calculation of the Q value,and a prioritized experience replay(PER)is introduced into the iDDQN to improve the training speed and effectiveness.Finally,taking advantage of the federated learning(FL)and iDDQN algorithms,a federated iDDQN is proposed to design an MEMG energy management strategy to enable each microgrid to share its experiences in the form of local neural network(NN)parameters with the federation layer,thus ensuring the privacy and security of data.The simulation results validate the superior performance of the proposed energy management strategy in minimizing the economic costs of the MEMG while reducing CO_2 emissions and protecting data privacy.展开更多
Bamboo is known for its edible shoots and beautiful texture and has considerable economic and ornamental value.Unique among traditional flowering plants,many bamboo plants undergo extensive synchronized flowering foll...Bamboo is known for its edible shoots and beautiful texture and has considerable economic and ornamental value.Unique among traditional flowering plants,many bamboo plants undergo extensive synchronized flowering followed by large-scale death,seriously affecting the productivity and application of bamboo forests.To date,the molecular mechanism of bamboo flowering characteristics has remained unknown.In this study,a SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1(SOC1)-like gene,BoMADS50,was identified from Bambusa oldhamii.BoMADS50 was highly expressed in mature leaves and the floral primordium formation period during B.oldhamii flowering and overexpression of BoMADS50 caused early fl owering in transgenic rice.Moreover,BoMADS50 could interact with APETALA1/FRUITFULL(AP1/FUL)-like proteins(BoMADS 14-1/2,BoMADS15-1/2)in vivo,and the expression of BoMADS50 was signi ficantly promoted by BoMADS14-1,further indicating a synergistic effect between BoMADS50 and BoAP1/FUL-like proteins in regulating B.oldhamii flowering.We also identi fi ed four additional transcripts of BoMADS50(BoMADS50-1/2/3/4)with different nucleotide variations.Although the protein-CDS were polymorphic,they had flowering activation functions similar to those of BoMADS50.Yeast one-hybrid and transient expression assays subsequently showed that both BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1 bind to the promoter fragment of itself and the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP)-like gene BoSVP,but only BoMADS50-1 can positively induce their transcription.Therefore,nucleotide variations likely endow BoMADS50-1 with strong regulatory activity.Thus,BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1/2/3/4 are probably important positive flowering regulators in B.oldhamii.Moreover,the functional conservatism and speci ficity of BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1 might be related to the synchronized and sporadic flowering characteristics of B.oldhamii.展开更多
Although carbapenem use is prohibited in animals in China,carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli(CREC),especially New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase(NDM)-producing strains,are widely prevalent in foodproducing animals.At p...Although carbapenem use is prohibited in animals in China,carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli(CREC),especially New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase(NDM)-producing strains,are widely prevalent in foodproducing animals.At present,the impact of livestock-associated CREC strains on human populations at the national level is unknown.Here,we conduct a retrospective cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of CREC from clinical settings across 22 Chinese provinces or municipalities and analyze anthropogenic factors associated with their presence.We also ascertain the blaNDMand blaKPCabundance among pig and chicken farms and present a detailed genomic framework for CREC of animal and human origin.Overall,631/29799(2.1%)clinical Escherichia coli(E.coli)isolates were identified as CREC.Multivariable analysis revealed that being male,an age below 1,an age between 13 and 18,provinces with greater chicken production,and provinces with higher pig production were associated with higher odds of CREC infection.In general,73.8%(n=45/61)of pig farms and 62.2%(n=28/45)of chicken farms had a blaNDMabundance of 1×10^(-5)to 1×10^(-3)and 1×10^(-3)to 1×10^(-2),respectively.Among all the Chinese NDM-positive E.coli(n=463)available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI),the genomic analysis revealed that blaNDM-5and Inc X3 were the predominant carbapenemase gene-plasmid combination,while a highly homogeneous relationship between NDM-positive isolates from humans and animals was demonstrated at the plasmid and core genome levels.All the findings suggest frequent CREC transmission between humans and animals,indicating that further discussions on the use of antibiotics in animals and humans are needed,both in China and across the globe.展开更多
An increasing number of studies demonstrated that alcohol vapor chamber is an effective way to model physical signs of alcohol use disorders. Although researchers are developing different vapor chambers to study chron...An increasing number of studies demonstrated that alcohol vapor chamber is an effective way to model physical signs of alcohol use disorders. Although researchers are developing different vapor chambers to study chronic alcohol exposure model worldwide, few studies build and modify their own vapor chambers in China.Here, we designed and established an alcohol vapor chamber system for small animals. We described a paradigm showing how to control and monitor alcohol concentration in whole system. The vapor chamber system with several advantages including accommodating up to ten standard mouse cages. Furthermore, the system was tested by evaluating the blood alcohol concentration and neuron injury in mice. Importantly, the alcohol withdrawal after vapor exposure caused motor coordination impairment, anxiolytic-and depression-like behavior. Finally, the Nmethyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)-mediated glutamatergic transmissions in the medial prefrontal cortex was changed after alcohol vapor exposure-induced behaviors. The frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents between control and alcohol groups were not different, suggesting that alcohol exposureinduced behaviors are associated with the change in NMDAR response. Taken together, the new alcohol vapor chamber system was constructed, which would help to research the relationship between the stable alcohol exposure and withdrawal behaviors and to study chronic alcohol exposure-induced disorders in China.展开更多
Adding a reputation incentive system to peer-to-peer(P2P)energy transactions can encourage prosumers to regulate their trading behavior,which is important for ensuring the efficiency and reliability of P2P transaction...Adding a reputation incentive system to peer-to-peer(P2P)energy transactions can encourage prosumers to regulate their trading behavior,which is important for ensuring the efficiency and reliability of P2P transactions.This study proposed a P2P transaction mechanism and game optimization model for prosumers involved in distributed energy sources considering reputation-value incentives.First,the deviation of P2P transactions and the non-consumption rate of distributed renewable energy in P2P transactions were established as indicators to quantify the influencing factors of the reputation value,and a reputation incentive model of P2P transactions for prosumers was constructed.Then,the penalty coefficient was applied to the cost function of the prosumers,and a non-cooperative game model of P2P transactions based on the complete information of multi-prosumers was established.Furthermore,the Nash equilibrium problem was transformed into a nonlinear optimization problem by constructing the modified optimal reaction function,and the Nash equilibrium solution of the game was obtained via a relaxation algorithm.Finally,the modified IEEE 33-node test system based on electricity market P2P and an IEEE 123-node test system were used to analyze and verify the cost and P2P participation of prosumers considering the reputation value.The results show that the addition of the reputation incentive system can encourage prosumers to standardize their interactive transaction behavior and actively participate in P2P transactions.It can also improve the operation efficiency of the power grid and promote the perfection of the P2P transaction mechanism.展开更多
Quantitative information on the fate and efficiency of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied to coarse textured calcareous soils in arid farming systems is scarce but, as systems intensify, is essential to support sustainab...Quantitative information on the fate and efficiency of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied to coarse textured calcareous soils in arid farming systems is scarce but, as systems intensify, is essential to support sustainable agronomic management decisions. A mesh house study was undertaken to trace the fate of N fertilizer applied to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv., Huiyuan701) growing on a reconstructed profile (0-100 cm) of a calcareous (>15% CaCO 3 ) sandy loam soil. Two irrigation methods (drip irrigation, DI; and furrow irrigation, FI) and four N application rates (0, 240, 360 and 480 kg/hm 2 , abbreviated as N 0 , N 240 , N 360 , and N 480 , respectively) were applied. 15 N-labelled urea fertilizer was applied in a split application. DI enhanced the biomass of whole plant and all parts of the plant, except for root; more fertilizer N was taken up and mostly stored in vegetative parts; N utilization efficiency (NUE) was significantly greater than in FI. N utilization efficiency (NUE) decreased from 52.59% in N 240 to 36.44% in N 480 . N residue in soil and plant N uptake increased with increased N dosage, but recovery rate decreased consistently both in DI and FI. Plant N uptake and soil N residue were greater in DI than in FI. N residue mainly stayed within 0-40 cm depth in DI but within 40-80 cm depth in FI. FI showed 17.89% of N leached out, but no N leaching occurred in DI. N recovery rate in the soil-plant system was 75.82% in DI, which was markedly greater than the 55.97% in FI. DI exhibited greater NUE, greater residual N in the soil profile and therefore greater N recovery rate than in FI; also, N distribution in soil profile shallowed in DI, resulting in a reduced risk of N leaching compared to FI; and enhanced shoot growth and reduced root growth in DI is beneficial for more economic yield formation. Compared to furrow irrigation, drip irrigation is an irrigation method where N movement favors the prevention of N from being lost in the plant-soil system and benefits a more efficient use of N.展开更多
Driven by the goal of“carbon neutrality,”the increase in use of renewable energy power systems will be inevitable in the future.Uncontrolled output power and random volatility make it difficult to balance power in r...Driven by the goal of“carbon neutrality,”the increase in use of renewable energy power systems will be inevitable in the future.Uncontrolled output power and random volatility make it difficult to balance power in real time during system operation.Therefore,energy storage is considered to be an effective way to ensure the real-time balance of system power.However,cost of energy storage is relatively expensive.As a solution,energy storage can be used to balance the system power in order to reduce system operating costs.Taking the high proportion of wind power systems as an example,the impact of the“supply side”low-carbon transformation on the economics and reliability of power system operation is explored.In order to solve the problem of power system operation configuration optimization under the background of“carbon neutrality,”this paper establishes a multi-objective programming model.展开更多
Grain size is a key agronomic trait that determines the yield in plants.Regulation of grain size by brassinosteroids(BRs)in rice has been widely reported.However,the relationship between the BR signaling pathway and g...Grain size is a key agronomic trait that determines the yield in plants.Regulation of grain size by brassinosteroids(BRs)in rice has been widely reported.However,the relationship between the BR signaling pathway and grain size still requires further study.Here,we isolated a rice mutant,named small grain2(sg2),which displayed smaller grain and a semi-dwarf phenotype.The decreased grain size was caused by repressed cell expansion in spikelet hulls of the sg2 mutant.Using map-based cloning combined with a Mut Map approach,we cloned SG2,which encodes a plant-specific protein with a ribonuclease H-like domain.SG2 is a positive regulator downstream of GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE2(GSK2)in response to BR signaling,and its mutation causes insensitivity to exogenous BR treatment.Genetical and biochemical analysis showed that GSK2 interacts with and phosphorylates SG2.We further found that BRs enhance the accumulation of SG2 in the nucleus,and subcellular distribution of SG2 is regulated by GSK2 kinase activity.In addition,Oryza sativa OVATE family protein 19(OsOFP19),a negative regulator of grain shape,interacts with SG2 and plays an antagonistic role with SG2 in controlling gene expression and grain size.Our results indicated that SG2 is a new component of GSK2-related BR signaling response and regulates grain size by interacting with Os OFP19.展开更多
Zn^(2+)is required for the activity of many mitochondrial proteins,which regulate mitochondrial dynamics,apoptosis and mitophagy.However,it is not understood how the proper mitochondrial Zn^(2+)level is achieved to ma...Zn^(2+)is required for the activity of many mitochondrial proteins,which regulate mitochondrial dynamics,apoptosis and mitophagy.However,it is not understood how the proper mitochondrial Zn^(2+)level is achieved to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis.Using Caenorhabditis elegans,we reveal here that a pair of mitochondrion-localized transporters controls the mitochondrial level of Zn^(2+).We demonstrate that SLC-30A9/ZnT9 is a mitochondrial Zn^(2+)exporter.Loss of SLC-30A9 leads to mitochondrial Zn^(2+)accumulation,which damages mitochondria,impairs animal development and shortens the life span.We further identify SLC-25A25/SCaMC-2 as an important regulator of mitochondrial Zn^(2+)import.Loss of SLC-25A25 suppresses the abnormal mitochondrial Zn^(2+)accumulation and defective mitochondrial structure and functions caused by loss of SLC-30A9.Moreover,we reveal that the endoplasmic reticulum contains the Zn^(2+)pool from which mitochondrial Zn^(2+)is imported.These findings establish the molecular basis for controlling the correct mitochondrial levels for normal mitochondrial structure and functions.展开更多
Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR) proteins function in post-transcriptional regulation of organellar gene expression. Although several PPR proteins are known to function in chloroplast development in rice(Oryza sativa), t...Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR) proteins function in post-transcriptional regulation of organellar gene expression. Although several PPR proteins are known to function in chloroplast development in rice(Oryza sativa), the detailed molecular functions of many PPR proteins remain unclear.Here, we characterized a rice young leaf white stripe(ylws) mutant, which has defective chloroplast development during early seedling growth.Map-based cloning revealed that YLWS encodes a novel P-type chloroplast-targeted PPR protein with 11 PPR motifs. Further expression analyses showed that many nuclear-and plastid-encoded genes in the ylws mutant were significantly changed at the RNA and protein levels. The ylws mutant was impaired in chloroplast ribosome biogenesis and chloroplast development under low-temperature conditions. The ylws mutation causes defects in the splicing of atpF, ndhA, rpl2,and rps12, and editing of ndhA, ndhB, and rps14transcripts. YLWS directly binds to specific sites in the atpF, ndhA, and rpl2 pre-mRNAs. Our results suggest that YLWS participates in chloroplast RNA group II intron splicing and plays an important role in chloroplast development during early leaf development.展开更多
In order to accelerate the development of sowing mechanization of virus-free potato minituber,a conical diversion virus-free potato minituber precision seed-metering Device was designed according to the structural cha...In order to accelerate the development of sowing mechanization of virus-free potato minituber,a conical diversion virus-free potato minituber precision seed-metering Device was designed according to the structural characteristics and agronomic requirements of virus-free potato minituber.The device is mainly composed of conical turntable,transmission shaft,outer baffle of seed-metering Device,baffle,seed outlet,seed cleaning device,type hole,etc.The working principle of conical diversion precision seed-metering device for virus-free potato minituber was expounded,and the stress analysis of virus-free potato minituber in each region was carried out.By EDEM discrete element simulation software,the structure of the type hole is optimized to determine the optimal structure of the type hole and according to the physical characteristics of virus-free potato minituber,the single factor experiments of the effects of length of type hole,cone disc speed and cone disc angle on seed filling performance were completed.The orthogonal regression test was carried out with the length of type hole,cone disc speed,and cone disc angle as the test objects,and the leakage rate and qualified rate as the response indexes.The regression models of leakage rate,replay rate,and qualified rate were established,and the parameters of the regression model were optimized.The optimal parameter combination is that the length of type hole is 33.61 mm,the cone disc speed is 6.35 r/min,and the cone disc angle is 26.59°.Bench test was carried out under the optimal conditions,the leakage rate was 3.80%,the replay rate was 0.80%,and the qualified rate was 95.40%,which was basically consistent with the prediction results of the regression model,and met the requirements of precision sowing of virus-free potato minituber.展开更多
For wound healing,wound infection caused by bacteria is one of the important reasons that delay wound healing process.Therefore,it is very meaningful to develop a multifunctional wound dressing with antibacterial capa...For wound healing,wound infection caused by bacteria is one of the important reasons that delay wound healing process.Therefore,it is very meaningful to develop a multifunctional wound dressing with antibacterial capability to accelerate wound healing.Sodium alginate(SA)and carboxymethyl chitosan(CMCS)are the most commonly used compositions in wound dressing,but their poor stability inhibits the further applications.Introducing CMCS and using cerium ions(Ce^(3+))to crosslink CMCS and SA to form SA-CMCS hybrid spheres by electrostatic spray method,can not only improve the stability of SA hydrogels,but also endow the spheres with excelle nt antibacterial properties due to the characteristics of Ce^(3+).The gradual release of Ce^(3+)from the SA-CMCS spheres can effectively inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)and Escherichia coli(E.coli).Combining the wound healing promotion ability of SA and CMCS,this kind of wound dressing can not only avoid wound infection caused by bacteria effectively,but also accelerate wound healing,thus it is an easily prepared material with potential applications in skin defect repair.展开更多
Accurate fault prediction is essential to ensure the safety and reliability of combine harvester operation.In this study,a combine harvester fault prediction method based on a combination of stacked denoising autoenco...Accurate fault prediction is essential to ensure the safety and reliability of combine harvester operation.In this study,a combine harvester fault prediction method based on a combination of stacked denoising autoencoders(SDAE)and multi-classification support vector machines(SVM)is proposed to predict combine harvester faults by extracting operational features of key combine components.In general,SDAE contains autoencoders and uses a deep network architecture to learn complex non-linear input-output relationships in a hierarchical manner.Selected features are fed into the SDAE network,deep-level features of the input parameters are extracted by SDAE,and an SVM classifier is then added to its top layer to achieve combine harvester fault prediction.The experimental results show that the method can achieve accurate and efficient combine harvester fault prediction.In particular,the experiments used Gaussian noise with a distribution center of 0.05 to corrupt the test data samples obtained by random sampling of the whole population,and the results showed that the prediction accuracy of the method was 95.31%,which has better robustness and generalization ability compared to SVM(77.03%),BP(74.61%),and SAE(90.86%).展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81971246 (to TM)Opening Foundation of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration,Nanjing Medical University,No.KF202204 (to LZ and SF)。
文摘Methamphetamine addiction is a brain disorder characterized by persistent drug-seeking behavior, which has been linked with aberrant synaptic plasticity. An increasing body of evidence suggests that aberrant synaptic plasticity is associated with the activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing-3(NLRP3) inflammasome. 3′-Deoxyadenosin, an active component of the Chinese fungus Cordyceps militaris, has strong anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether 3′-deoxyadenosin attenuates methamphetamine-induced aberrant synaptic plasticity via an NLRP3-mediated inflammatory mechanism remains unclear. We first observed that 3′-deoxyadenosin attenuated conditioned place preference scores in methamphetamine-treated mice and decreased the expression of c-fos in hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, we found that 3′-deoxyadenosin reduced the aberrant potentiation of glutamatergic transmission and restored the methamphetamine-induced impairment of synaptic plasticity. We also found that 3′-deoxyadenosin decreased the expression of NLRP3 and neuronal injury. Importantly, a direct NLRP3 deficiency reduced methamphetamine-induced seeking behavior, attenuated the impaired synaptic plasticity, and prevented neuronal damage. Finally, NLRP3 activation reversed the effect of 3′-deoxyadenosin on behavior and synaptic plasticity, suggesting that the anti-neuroinflammatory mechanism of 3′-deoxyadenosin on aberrant synaptic plasticity reduces methamphetamine-induced seeking behavior. Taken together, 3′-deoxyadenosin alleviates methamphetamine-induced aberrant synaptic plasticity and seeking behavior by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2066211,52177124,52107134)the Institute of Electrical Engineering,CAS(E155610101)+1 种基金the DNL Cooperation Fund,CAS(DNL202023)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2019143).
文摘Peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading refers to a type of decentralized transaction,where the energy from distributed energy resources is directly traded between peers.A key challenge in peer-to-peer energy trading is designing a safe,efficient,and transparent trading model and operating mechanism.In this study,we consider a P2P trading environment based on blockchain technology,where prosumers can submit bids or offers without knowing the reports of others.We propose an Arrow-d’Aspremont-Gerard-Varet(AGV)-based mechanism to encourage prosumers to submit their real reserve price and determine the P2P transaction price.We demonstrate that the AGV mechanism can achieve Bayesian incentive compatibility and budget balance.Kernel density estimation(KDE)is used to derive the prior distribution from the historical bid/offer information of the agents.Case studies are carried out to analyze and evaluate the proposed mechanism.Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism in guiding agents to report the true reserve price while maximizing social welfare.Moreover,we discuss the advantages of budget balance for decentralized trading by comparing the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves(VCG)and AGV mechanisms.
基金supported by the Research and Development of Key Technologies of the Regional Energy Internet based on Multi-Energy Complementary and Collaborative Optimization(BE2020081)。
文摘Multi-energy microgrids(MEMG)play an important role in promoting carbon neutrality and achieving sustainable development.This study investigates an effective energy management strategy(EMS)for MEMG.First,an energy management system model that allows for intra-microgrid energy conversion is developed,and the corresponding Markov decision process(MDP)problem is formulated.Subsequently,an improved double deep Q network(iDDQN)algorithm is proposed to enhance the exploration ability by modifying the calculation of the Q value,and a prioritized experience replay(PER)is introduced into the iDDQN to improve the training speed and effectiveness.Finally,taking advantage of the federated learning(FL)and iDDQN algorithms,a federated iDDQN is proposed to design an MEMG energy management strategy to enable each microgrid to share its experiences in the form of local neural network(NN)parameters with the federation layer,thus ensuring the privacy and security of data.The simulation results validate the superior performance of the proposed energy management strategy in minimizing the economic costs of the MEMG while reducing CO_2 emissions and protecting data privacy.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ20C160002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971735)the State Key Lab oratory of Subtropical Silviculture(ZY20180203).
文摘Bamboo is known for its edible shoots and beautiful texture and has considerable economic and ornamental value.Unique among traditional flowering plants,many bamboo plants undergo extensive synchronized flowering followed by large-scale death,seriously affecting the productivity and application of bamboo forests.To date,the molecular mechanism of bamboo flowering characteristics has remained unknown.In this study,a SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1(SOC1)-like gene,BoMADS50,was identified from Bambusa oldhamii.BoMADS50 was highly expressed in mature leaves and the floral primordium formation period during B.oldhamii flowering and overexpression of BoMADS50 caused early fl owering in transgenic rice.Moreover,BoMADS50 could interact with APETALA1/FRUITFULL(AP1/FUL)-like proteins(BoMADS 14-1/2,BoMADS15-1/2)in vivo,and the expression of BoMADS50 was signi ficantly promoted by BoMADS14-1,further indicating a synergistic effect between BoMADS50 and BoAP1/FUL-like proteins in regulating B.oldhamii flowering.We also identi fi ed four additional transcripts of BoMADS50(BoMADS50-1/2/3/4)with different nucleotide variations.Although the protein-CDS were polymorphic,they had flowering activation functions similar to those of BoMADS50.Yeast one-hybrid and transient expression assays subsequently showed that both BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1 bind to the promoter fragment of itself and the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP)-like gene BoSVP,but only BoMADS50-1 can positively induce their transcription.Therefore,nucleotide variations likely endow BoMADS50-1 with strong regulatory activity.Thus,BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1/2/3/4 are probably important positive flowering regulators in B.oldhamii.Moreover,the functional conservatism and speci ficity of BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1 might be related to the synchronized and sporadic flowering characteristics of B.oldhamii.
基金supported in part by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(81991535,81861138051,and 81871690)UK MRC DETER-XDR-China-HUB(MR/S013768/1)。
文摘Although carbapenem use is prohibited in animals in China,carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli(CREC),especially New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase(NDM)-producing strains,are widely prevalent in foodproducing animals.At present,the impact of livestock-associated CREC strains on human populations at the national level is unknown.Here,we conduct a retrospective cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of CREC from clinical settings across 22 Chinese provinces or municipalities and analyze anthropogenic factors associated with their presence.We also ascertain the blaNDMand blaKPCabundance among pig and chicken farms and present a detailed genomic framework for CREC of animal and human origin.Overall,631/29799(2.1%)clinical Escherichia coli(E.coli)isolates were identified as CREC.Multivariable analysis revealed that being male,an age below 1,an age between 13 and 18,provinces with greater chicken production,and provinces with higher pig production were associated with higher odds of CREC infection.In general,73.8%(n=45/61)of pig farms and 62.2%(n=28/45)of chicken farms had a blaNDMabundance of 1×10^(-5)to 1×10^(-3)and 1×10^(-3)to 1×10^(-2),respectively.Among all the Chinese NDM-positive E.coli(n=463)available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI),the genomic analysis revealed that blaNDM-5and Inc X3 were the predominant carbapenemase gene-plasmid combination,while a highly homogeneous relationship between NDM-positive isolates from humans and animals was demonstrated at the plasmid and core genome levels.All the findings suggest frequent CREC transmission between humans and animals,indicating that further discussions on the use of antibiotics in animals and humans are needed,both in China and across the globe.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81971246)College Students’innovation and entrepreneurship training program in Jiangsu Province(Grant No.202010312042Y)。
文摘An increasing number of studies demonstrated that alcohol vapor chamber is an effective way to model physical signs of alcohol use disorders. Although researchers are developing different vapor chambers to study chronic alcohol exposure model worldwide, few studies build and modify their own vapor chambers in China.Here, we designed and established an alcohol vapor chamber system for small animals. We described a paradigm showing how to control and monitor alcohol concentration in whole system. The vapor chamber system with several advantages including accommodating up to ten standard mouse cages. Furthermore, the system was tested by evaluating the blood alcohol concentration and neuron injury in mice. Importantly, the alcohol withdrawal after vapor exposure caused motor coordination impairment, anxiolytic-and depression-like behavior. Finally, the Nmethyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)-mediated glutamatergic transmissions in the medial prefrontal cortex was changed after alcohol vapor exposure-induced behaviors. The frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents between control and alcohol groups were not different, suggesting that alcohol exposureinduced behaviors are associated with the change in NMDAR response. Taken together, the new alcohol vapor chamber system was constructed, which would help to research the relationship between the stable alcohol exposure and withdrawal behaviors and to study chronic alcohol exposure-induced disorders in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2066211,52177124,52107134)the Institute of Electrical Engineering,CAS(E155610101)+1 种基金the DNL Cooperation Fund,CAS(DNL202023)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2019143).
文摘Adding a reputation incentive system to peer-to-peer(P2P)energy transactions can encourage prosumers to regulate their trading behavior,which is important for ensuring the efficiency and reliability of P2P transactions.This study proposed a P2P transaction mechanism and game optimization model for prosumers involved in distributed energy sources considering reputation-value incentives.First,the deviation of P2P transactions and the non-consumption rate of distributed renewable energy in P2P transactions were established as indicators to quantify the influencing factors of the reputation value,and a reputation incentive model of P2P transactions for prosumers was constructed.Then,the penalty coefficient was applied to the cost function of the prosumers,and a non-cooperative game model of P2P transactions based on the complete information of multi-prosumers was established.Furthermore,the Nash equilibrium problem was transformed into a nonlinear optimization problem by constructing the modified optimal reaction function,and the Nash equilibrium solution of the game was obtained via a relaxation algorithm.Finally,the modified IEEE 33-node test system based on electricity market P2P and an IEEE 123-node test system were used to analyze and verify the cost and P2P participation of prosumers considering the reputation value.The results show that the addition of the reputation incentive system can encourage prosumers to standardize their interactive transaction behavior and actively participate in P2P transactions.It can also improve the operation efficiency of the power grid and promote the perfection of the P2P transaction mechanism.
基金financed by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201103003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31060276)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2011AA100508)
文摘Quantitative information on the fate and efficiency of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied to coarse textured calcareous soils in arid farming systems is scarce but, as systems intensify, is essential to support sustainable agronomic management decisions. A mesh house study was undertaken to trace the fate of N fertilizer applied to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv., Huiyuan701) growing on a reconstructed profile (0-100 cm) of a calcareous (>15% CaCO 3 ) sandy loam soil. Two irrigation methods (drip irrigation, DI; and furrow irrigation, FI) and four N application rates (0, 240, 360 and 480 kg/hm 2 , abbreviated as N 0 , N 240 , N 360 , and N 480 , respectively) were applied. 15 N-labelled urea fertilizer was applied in a split application. DI enhanced the biomass of whole plant and all parts of the plant, except for root; more fertilizer N was taken up and mostly stored in vegetative parts; N utilization efficiency (NUE) was significantly greater than in FI. N utilization efficiency (NUE) decreased from 52.59% in N 240 to 36.44% in N 480 . N residue in soil and plant N uptake increased with increased N dosage, but recovery rate decreased consistently both in DI and FI. Plant N uptake and soil N residue were greater in DI than in FI. N residue mainly stayed within 0-40 cm depth in DI but within 40-80 cm depth in FI. FI showed 17.89% of N leached out, but no N leaching occurred in DI. N recovery rate in the soil-plant system was 75.82% in DI, which was markedly greater than the 55.97% in FI. DI exhibited greater NUE, greater residual N in the soil profile and therefore greater N recovery rate than in FI; also, N distribution in soil profile shallowed in DI, resulting in a reduced risk of N leaching compared to FI; and enhanced shoot growth and reduced root growth in DI is beneficial for more economic yield formation. Compared to furrow irrigation, drip irrigation is an irrigation method where N movement favors the prevention of N from being lost in the plant-soil system and benefits a more efficient use of N.
文摘Driven by the goal of“carbon neutrality,”the increase in use of renewable energy power systems will be inevitable in the future.Uncontrolled output power and random volatility make it difficult to balance power in real time during system operation.Therefore,energy storage is considered to be an effective way to ensure the real-time balance of system power.However,cost of energy storage is relatively expensive.As a solution,energy storage can be used to balance the system power in order to reduce system operating costs.Taking the high proportion of wind power systems as an example,the impact of the“supply side”low-carbon transformation on the economics and reliability of power system operation is explored.In order to solve the problem of power system operation configuration optimization under the background of“carbon neutrality,”this paper establishes a multi-objective programming model.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Biology,Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture of China,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center and the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172024)Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX19(1002))Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,Major Project(BK20212010)。
文摘Grain size is a key agronomic trait that determines the yield in plants.Regulation of grain size by brassinosteroids(BRs)in rice has been widely reported.However,the relationship between the BR signaling pathway and grain size still requires further study.Here,we isolated a rice mutant,named small grain2(sg2),which displayed smaller grain and a semi-dwarf phenotype.The decreased grain size was caused by repressed cell expansion in spikelet hulls of the sg2 mutant.Using map-based cloning combined with a Mut Map approach,we cloned SG2,which encodes a plant-specific protein with a ribonuclease H-like domain.SG2 is a positive regulator downstream of GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE2(GSK2)in response to BR signaling,and its mutation causes insensitivity to exogenous BR treatment.Genetical and biochemical analysis showed that GSK2 interacts with and phosphorylates SG2.We further found that BRs enhance the accumulation of SG2 in the nucleus,and subcellular distribution of SG2 is regulated by GSK2 kinase activity.In addition,Oryza sativa OVATE family protein 19(OsOFP19),a negative regulator of grain shape,interacts with SG2 and plays an antagonistic role with SG2 in controlling gene expression and grain size.Our results indicated that SG2 is a new component of GSK2-related BR signaling response and regulates grain size by interacting with Os OFP19.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China(91954204 and 31730053)the National Basic Research Program of China(2017YFA0503403)Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department(#202001BB050077 and#202105AB160003).
文摘Zn^(2+)is required for the activity of many mitochondrial proteins,which regulate mitochondrial dynamics,apoptosis and mitophagy.However,it is not understood how the proper mitochondrial Zn^(2+)level is achieved to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis.Using Caenorhabditis elegans,we reveal here that a pair of mitochondrion-localized transporters controls the mitochondrial level of Zn^(2+).We demonstrate that SLC-30A9/ZnT9 is a mitochondrial Zn^(2+)exporter.Loss of SLC-30A9 leads to mitochondrial Zn^(2+)accumulation,which damages mitochondria,impairs animal development and shortens the life span.We further identify SLC-25A25/SCaMC-2 as an important regulator of mitochondrial Zn^(2+)import.Loss of SLC-25A25 suppresses the abnormal mitochondrial Zn^(2+)accumulation and defective mitochondrial structure and functions caused by loss of SLC-30A9.Moreover,we reveal that the endoplasmic reticulum contains the Zn^(2+)pool from which mitochondrial Zn^(2+)is imported.These findings establish the molecular basis for controlling the correct mitochondrial levels for normal mitochondrial structure and functions.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Biology, GeneticsBreeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, China+5 种基金Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research CenterJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionThis research was also supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation (92035301)Jiangsu Science and Technology Development Program (BE2021360)Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project (SCX (19)1079)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JCQY201902)。
文摘Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR) proteins function in post-transcriptional regulation of organellar gene expression. Although several PPR proteins are known to function in chloroplast development in rice(Oryza sativa), the detailed molecular functions of many PPR proteins remain unclear.Here, we characterized a rice young leaf white stripe(ylws) mutant, which has defective chloroplast development during early seedling growth.Map-based cloning revealed that YLWS encodes a novel P-type chloroplast-targeted PPR protein with 11 PPR motifs. Further expression analyses showed that many nuclear-and plastid-encoded genes in the ylws mutant were significantly changed at the RNA and protein levels. The ylws mutant was impaired in chloroplast ribosome biogenesis and chloroplast development under low-temperature conditions. The ylws mutation causes defects in the splicing of atpF, ndhA, rpl2,and rps12, and editing of ndhA, ndhB, and rps14transcripts. YLWS directly binds to specific sites in the atpF, ndhA, and rpl2 pre-mRNAs. Our results suggest that YLWS participates in chloroplast RNA group II intron splicing and plays an important role in chloroplast development during early leaf development.
基金The work was financially supported by the Major Science and Technology Special Plan of Yunnan Province Subproject(Grant No.2018ZC001-302)the National Innovation Method Work Special Project(Grant No.2018IM030106)the Talent Support Plan in Henan Province(Grant No.ZYQNBJRC2021-04).
文摘In order to accelerate the development of sowing mechanization of virus-free potato minituber,a conical diversion virus-free potato minituber precision seed-metering Device was designed according to the structural characteristics and agronomic requirements of virus-free potato minituber.The device is mainly composed of conical turntable,transmission shaft,outer baffle of seed-metering Device,baffle,seed outlet,seed cleaning device,type hole,etc.The working principle of conical diversion precision seed-metering device for virus-free potato minituber was expounded,and the stress analysis of virus-free potato minituber in each region was carried out.By EDEM discrete element simulation software,the structure of the type hole is optimized to determine the optimal structure of the type hole and according to the physical characteristics of virus-free potato minituber,the single factor experiments of the effects of length of type hole,cone disc speed and cone disc angle on seed filling performance were completed.The orthogonal regression test was carried out with the length of type hole,cone disc speed,and cone disc angle as the test objects,and the leakage rate and qualified rate as the response indexes.The regression models of leakage rate,replay rate,and qualified rate were established,and the parameters of the regression model were optimized.The optimal parameter combination is that the length of type hole is 33.61 mm,the cone disc speed is 6.35 r/min,and the cone disc angle is 26.59°.Bench test was carried out under the optimal conditions,the leakage rate was 3.80%,the replay rate was 0.80%,and the qualified rate was 95.40%,which was basically consistent with the prediction results of the regression model,and met the requirements of precision sowing of virus-free potato minituber.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52003124,21971117)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M680862)+10 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesNankai University(63211029,63186005,63211042)Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications(ZB 19500202)the Open Funds(RERU2019001)of the State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilizationthe National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0208000)the 111 Project(B18030)from ChinaBeijing-Tianjin-Hebei Collaborative Innovation Project(19YFSLQY00030)the Outstanding Youth Project of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(20JCJQJC00130)the Key Project of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(20JCZDJC00650)the Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of the Central UniversityOpen Project of Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University(LZUMMM2021009)。
文摘For wound healing,wound infection caused by bacteria is one of the important reasons that delay wound healing process.Therefore,it is very meaningful to develop a multifunctional wound dressing with antibacterial capability to accelerate wound healing.Sodium alginate(SA)and carboxymethyl chitosan(CMCS)are the most commonly used compositions in wound dressing,but their poor stability inhibits the further applications.Introducing CMCS and using cerium ions(Ce^(3+))to crosslink CMCS and SA to form SA-CMCS hybrid spheres by electrostatic spray method,can not only improve the stability of SA hydrogels,but also endow the spheres with excelle nt antibacterial properties due to the characteristics of Ce^(3+).The gradual release of Ce^(3+)from the SA-CMCS spheres can effectively inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)and Escherichia coli(E.coli).Combining the wound healing promotion ability of SA and CMCS,this kind of wound dressing can not only avoid wound infection caused by bacteria effectively,but also accelerate wound healing,thus it is an easily prepared material with potential applications in skin defect repair.
基金The work was sponsored by the Intelligent Manufacturing Comprehensive Standardization Project(No.2018GXZ1101011)the National Key Research and Development Program of China Sub-project(No.2016YFD0701802)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(No.202300410124).
文摘Accurate fault prediction is essential to ensure the safety and reliability of combine harvester operation.In this study,a combine harvester fault prediction method based on a combination of stacked denoising autoencoders(SDAE)and multi-classification support vector machines(SVM)is proposed to predict combine harvester faults by extracting operational features of key combine components.In general,SDAE contains autoencoders and uses a deep network architecture to learn complex non-linear input-output relationships in a hierarchical manner.Selected features are fed into the SDAE network,deep-level features of the input parameters are extracted by SDAE,and an SVM classifier is then added to its top layer to achieve combine harvester fault prediction.The experimental results show that the method can achieve accurate and efficient combine harvester fault prediction.In particular,the experiments used Gaussian noise with a distribution center of 0.05 to corrupt the test data samples obtained by random sampling of the whole population,and the results showed that the prediction accuracy of the method was 95.31%,which has better robustness and generalization ability compared to SVM(77.03%),BP(74.61%),and SAE(90.86%).
