Introduction: One of the most common risks of fixed orthodontic therapy is the evidence of root resorption post orthodontic treatment ranging from mild root blunting to severe root resorption of significant portions o...Introduction: One of the most common risks of fixed orthodontic therapy is the evidence of root resorption post orthodontic treatment ranging from mild root blunting to severe root resorption of significant portions of the root structure. The etiology of apical root resorption is multifactorial but largely depends upon the type of orthodontic tooth movement and treatment duration. Study Objective: The primary aim of this study is to examine the association of external apical root resorption and vertical correction in anterior open bite malocclusions using panoramic radiographs for evaluation. Materials and Methods: Pre-treatment and post-treatment panoramic radiographs of 16 patients with anterior open bite malocclusions were scored to assess root resorption of anterior teeth (U/L 3-3). Initial and final root length and total tooth length for U/L 3-3 were measured on panoramic radiographs in Dolphin imaging. Results: Of the 24 pairs of measurements, 7 had a significant p-value (p Conclusions: A statistically significant amount of root resorption was observed, from pre-treatment to post-treatment radiographs. All mandibular anterior teeth except the mandibular right lateral incisors showed evidence of root resorption.展开更多
Introduction and Aims—The Growth stage of a patient can have considerable influence on diagnosis, treatment goals, timing and planning and the eventual outcome of orthodontic/orthopedic treatment. The purpose of this...Introduction and Aims—The Growth stage of a patient can have considerable influence on diagnosis, treatment goals, timing and planning and the eventual outcome of orthodontic/orthopedic treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyze associations between the cervical vertebrae maturation score (CVMS) and skeletal maturation index (SMI). The second objective was to determine the reproducibility of the measurements on lateral cephalograms and hand-wrist radiographs. Materials and Methods—Lateral cephalometric and left hand-wrist radiographs of 92 untreated subjects (44 females and 48 males) aged from 8 to 17 years were obtained from the files of the Columbia University, Division of Orthodontics and measured for growth stage using cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist methods. Results—A high correlation was revealed between the hand-wrist and cervical vertebrae measurements. The Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient was 0.925 and significant at the 0.01 level. The correlation between hand-wrist and age (0.665, p < 0.01) was slightly greater than that of the CVMS (0.611, p < 0.01). Intra rater reliability was high. When the three categorically modified methods of the Fishman’s 11 skeletal maturation stages in hand and wrist analysis were used to compare with CVMS, methods 2 and 3 were both statistically significantly different according to the Wilcoxon signed ranks test and the Sign test at a significance level of less than 0.05. However, for method 1, the tests showed probability scores of 0.028 and 0.151, respectively, showing no significant difference at the 0.01 level in the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, and no significant difference in the 0.01 and 0.05 level in the Signed Test. Conclusions—The Fishman’s hand and wrist skeletal maturation index and Bacetti’s cervical vertebrae maturation stages are both useful tools in evaluating growth stages. Fishman’s hand-wrist method is slightly more accurate.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong> The purpose of this pilot study is to compare the transverse palatal widths in untreated adult cleft palate patients with normal adult patients. <strong>Methods and Materi...<strong>Objective:</strong> The purpose of this pilot study is to compare the transverse palatal widths in untreated adult cleft palate patients with normal adult patients. <strong>Methods and Materials:</strong> The study was conducted in Bangladesh recruiting 10 patients with adult sized untreated cleft palate and 15 patients with normal adult sized palates. The control group was comprised of 7 males and 8 females with a mean age of 30.5 ± 4.4 years. The affected group comprised of 7 males and 3 females with a mean age 17 ± 3.3 years. Alginate impressions of the maxillary arch were taken and poured into plaster dental casts. The inter-canine, inter-premolar and intermolar widths were measured to evaluate the maxillary growth pattern in patients with unoperated cleft palate. Due to the small sample size, both independent T-test and Mann Whitney non-parametric tests were performed to analyze the statistical significance of the data. <strong>Results:</strong> According to both the T-test and Mann Whitney non-parametric tests, the inter-premolar width including both the first and second premolars was statistically significantly smaller in the affected group with p values of 0.003 and 0.00 respectively. There was no significant difference in the inter-canine width between the affected and control group due to the variable canine position in cleft palate patients. Due to small sample size, no significant difference in the intermolar width between the affected and control group could be established. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The interpremolar width is significantly smaller in patients with adult sized cleft palates than individuals with normal adult sized palates.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objectives: </span></b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><spa...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objectives: </span></b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">he </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">objective</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is to</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> determine whether there are differences in the position of the hyoid bone at rest in natural head position in subjects with mandibular hyperdivergence</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to evaluate whether there are differences in hyoid position and antegonial notch depth in mandibular hyperdivergent males and females. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods and Materials: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This is a retrospective cohort study involving a review of lateral cephalometric radiographs of 45 adult men and women with mandibular hyperdivergency. Hyperdivergency was determined by cephalometric ranges of: SN-GoGn as least +2 SD from normal, Y-axis, PP-GoGN, and gonial angle greater than +1SD from normal. A group of 45 normodivergent adults served as a control, with cephalometric ranges of: SN-GoGn within </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">±</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1 SD of normal, with only one measurement of the other three between +1 and +1.5 standard deviations. A custom digital cephalometric analysis, the Hyoid Analysis, was designed, to measure the vertical and horizontal position and inclination of the hyoid and the antegonial notch depth. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In hyperdivergent subjects, the posterior aspect of the hyoid is located lower and more posterior, compared to the control group, while there is no difference in position of the anterior surface of the hyoid and the antegonial notch is 0.6</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mm deeper. In males, the posterior aspect of hyoid is lower by 8.5</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mm, while the anterior surface is located 9.0</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mm lower. In males, the hyoid is inclined more steeply than in females by 4.4 degrees and the antegonial notch is deeper than in females by 0.6</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mm. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">There are differences in hyoid bone position and mandibular morphology in hyperdivergent subjects compared to normodivergent subjects and in males compared to females.展开更多
文摘Introduction: One of the most common risks of fixed orthodontic therapy is the evidence of root resorption post orthodontic treatment ranging from mild root blunting to severe root resorption of significant portions of the root structure. The etiology of apical root resorption is multifactorial but largely depends upon the type of orthodontic tooth movement and treatment duration. Study Objective: The primary aim of this study is to examine the association of external apical root resorption and vertical correction in anterior open bite malocclusions using panoramic radiographs for evaluation. Materials and Methods: Pre-treatment and post-treatment panoramic radiographs of 16 patients with anterior open bite malocclusions were scored to assess root resorption of anterior teeth (U/L 3-3). Initial and final root length and total tooth length for U/L 3-3 were measured on panoramic radiographs in Dolphin imaging. Results: Of the 24 pairs of measurements, 7 had a significant p-value (p Conclusions: A statistically significant amount of root resorption was observed, from pre-treatment to post-treatment radiographs. All mandibular anterior teeth except the mandibular right lateral incisors showed evidence of root resorption.
文摘Introduction and Aims—The Growth stage of a patient can have considerable influence on diagnosis, treatment goals, timing and planning and the eventual outcome of orthodontic/orthopedic treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyze associations between the cervical vertebrae maturation score (CVMS) and skeletal maturation index (SMI). The second objective was to determine the reproducibility of the measurements on lateral cephalograms and hand-wrist radiographs. Materials and Methods—Lateral cephalometric and left hand-wrist radiographs of 92 untreated subjects (44 females and 48 males) aged from 8 to 17 years were obtained from the files of the Columbia University, Division of Orthodontics and measured for growth stage using cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist methods. Results—A high correlation was revealed between the hand-wrist and cervical vertebrae measurements. The Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient was 0.925 and significant at the 0.01 level. The correlation between hand-wrist and age (0.665, p < 0.01) was slightly greater than that of the CVMS (0.611, p < 0.01). Intra rater reliability was high. When the three categorically modified methods of the Fishman’s 11 skeletal maturation stages in hand and wrist analysis were used to compare with CVMS, methods 2 and 3 were both statistically significantly different according to the Wilcoxon signed ranks test and the Sign test at a significance level of less than 0.05. However, for method 1, the tests showed probability scores of 0.028 and 0.151, respectively, showing no significant difference at the 0.01 level in the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, and no significant difference in the 0.01 and 0.05 level in the Signed Test. Conclusions—The Fishman’s hand and wrist skeletal maturation index and Bacetti’s cervical vertebrae maturation stages are both useful tools in evaluating growth stages. Fishman’s hand-wrist method is slightly more accurate.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong> The purpose of this pilot study is to compare the transverse palatal widths in untreated adult cleft palate patients with normal adult patients. <strong>Methods and Materials:</strong> The study was conducted in Bangladesh recruiting 10 patients with adult sized untreated cleft palate and 15 patients with normal adult sized palates. The control group was comprised of 7 males and 8 females with a mean age of 30.5 ± 4.4 years. The affected group comprised of 7 males and 3 females with a mean age 17 ± 3.3 years. Alginate impressions of the maxillary arch were taken and poured into plaster dental casts. The inter-canine, inter-premolar and intermolar widths were measured to evaluate the maxillary growth pattern in patients with unoperated cleft palate. Due to the small sample size, both independent T-test and Mann Whitney non-parametric tests were performed to analyze the statistical significance of the data. <strong>Results:</strong> According to both the T-test and Mann Whitney non-parametric tests, the inter-premolar width including both the first and second premolars was statistically significantly smaller in the affected group with p values of 0.003 and 0.00 respectively. There was no significant difference in the inter-canine width between the affected and control group due to the variable canine position in cleft palate patients. Due to small sample size, no significant difference in the intermolar width between the affected and control group could be established. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The interpremolar width is significantly smaller in patients with adult sized cleft palates than individuals with normal adult sized palates.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objectives: </span></b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">he </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">objective</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is to</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> determine whether there are differences in the position of the hyoid bone at rest in natural head position in subjects with mandibular hyperdivergence</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to evaluate whether there are differences in hyoid position and antegonial notch depth in mandibular hyperdivergent males and females. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods and Materials: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This is a retrospective cohort study involving a review of lateral cephalometric radiographs of 45 adult men and women with mandibular hyperdivergency. Hyperdivergency was determined by cephalometric ranges of: SN-GoGn as least +2 SD from normal, Y-axis, PP-GoGN, and gonial angle greater than +1SD from normal. A group of 45 normodivergent adults served as a control, with cephalometric ranges of: SN-GoGn within </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">±</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1 SD of normal, with only one measurement of the other three between +1 and +1.5 standard deviations. A custom digital cephalometric analysis, the Hyoid Analysis, was designed, to measure the vertical and horizontal position and inclination of the hyoid and the antegonial notch depth. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In hyperdivergent subjects, the posterior aspect of the hyoid is located lower and more posterior, compared to the control group, while there is no difference in position of the anterior surface of the hyoid and the antegonial notch is 0.6</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mm deeper. In males, the posterior aspect of hyoid is lower by 8.5</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mm, while the anterior surface is located 9.0</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mm lower. In males, the hyoid is inclined more steeply than in females by 4.4 degrees and the antegonial notch is deeper than in females by 0.6</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mm. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">There are differences in hyoid bone position and mandibular morphology in hyperdivergent subjects compared to normodivergent subjects and in males compared to females.
