Vegetarianism is a common diet worldwide. For a large proportion of people, meat or fish is not available at all or not regularly as a meal. But also in the industrialised countries, vegetarian nutrition is becoming m...Vegetarianism is a common diet worldwide. For a large proportion of people, meat or fish is not available at all or not regularly as a meal. But also in the industrialised countries, vegetarian nutrition is becoming more and more popular for various reasons. Many vegetarian parents also want a suitable diet for their children. But are restrictive diets beneficial or potentially harmful in certain situations, such as a predisposition to severe atopy? Are vegetarian diets equally suitable for pregnant women, nursing mothers, infants, children, and adolescents? What critical nutrients should parents, children, pediatricians, and nutritionists pay particular attention to? This article is focused on questions like these and discusses scientifically based concepts of nutrition. Main findings are that exposure to a variety of food antigens during early life may play a role in the development of healthy eating habits and that restrictive diets have not been found in studies to prevent allergic disease.展开更多
With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2,various non-pharmaceutical interventions were adopted to control virus transmission,including school closures.Subsequently,the introduction of vaccines mitigated not only disease sever...With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2,various non-pharmaceutical interventions were adopted to control virus transmission,including school closures.Subsequently,the introduction of vaccines mitigated not only disease severity but also the spread of SARSCoV-2.This study leveraged an adapted SIR model and non-linear mixed-effects modeling to quantify the impact of remote learning,school holidays,the emergence of Variants of Concern(VOCs),and the role of vaccinations in controlling SARS-CoV-2 spread across 16 German federal states with an age-stratified approach.Findings highlight a significant inverse correlation(Spearman's ρ=0.92,p<0.001)between vaccination rates and peak incidence rates across all age groups.Model-parameter estimation using the observed number of cases stratified by federal state and age allowed to assess the effects of school closure and holidays,considering adjustments for vaccinations and spread of VOCs over time.Here,modeling revealed significant(p<0.001)differences in the virus's spread among pre-school children(0-4),children(5-11),adolescents(12-17),adults(18-59),and the elderly(60+).The transition to remote learning emerged as a critical measure in significantly reducing infection rates among children and adolescents(p<0.001),whereas an increased infection risk was noted among the elderly during these periods,suggesting a shift in infection networks due to altered caregiving roles.Conversely,during school holiday periods,infection rates among adolescents mirrored those observed when schools were open.Simulation exercises based on the model provided evidence that COVID-19 vaccinations might serve a dual purpose:they protect the vaccinated individuals and contribute to the broader community's safety.展开更多
文摘Vegetarianism is a common diet worldwide. For a large proportion of people, meat or fish is not available at all or not regularly as a meal. But also in the industrialised countries, vegetarian nutrition is becoming more and more popular for various reasons. Many vegetarian parents also want a suitable diet for their children. But are restrictive diets beneficial or potentially harmful in certain situations, such as a predisposition to severe atopy? Are vegetarian diets equally suitable for pregnant women, nursing mothers, infants, children, and adolescents? What critical nutrients should parents, children, pediatricians, and nutritionists pay particular attention to? This article is focused on questions like these and discusses scientifically based concepts of nutrition. Main findings are that exposure to a variety of food antigens during early life may play a role in the development of healthy eating habits and that restrictive diets have not been found in studies to prevent allergic disease.
基金funded by the European Union Horizon 2021 EUVABECO(grant 101132545).
文摘With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2,various non-pharmaceutical interventions were adopted to control virus transmission,including school closures.Subsequently,the introduction of vaccines mitigated not only disease severity but also the spread of SARSCoV-2.This study leveraged an adapted SIR model and non-linear mixed-effects modeling to quantify the impact of remote learning,school holidays,the emergence of Variants of Concern(VOCs),and the role of vaccinations in controlling SARS-CoV-2 spread across 16 German federal states with an age-stratified approach.Findings highlight a significant inverse correlation(Spearman's ρ=0.92,p<0.001)between vaccination rates and peak incidence rates across all age groups.Model-parameter estimation using the observed number of cases stratified by federal state and age allowed to assess the effects of school closure and holidays,considering adjustments for vaccinations and spread of VOCs over time.Here,modeling revealed significant(p<0.001)differences in the virus's spread among pre-school children(0-4),children(5-11),adolescents(12-17),adults(18-59),and the elderly(60+).The transition to remote learning emerged as a critical measure in significantly reducing infection rates among children and adolescents(p<0.001),whereas an increased infection risk was noted among the elderly during these periods,suggesting a shift in infection networks due to altered caregiving roles.Conversely,during school holiday periods,infection rates among adolescents mirrored those observed when schools were open.Simulation exercises based on the model provided evidence that COVID-19 vaccinations might serve a dual purpose:they protect the vaccinated individuals and contribute to the broader community's safety.
