Explosive reactive armor(ERA)is currently being actively developed as a protective system for mobile devices against ballistic threats such as kinetic energy penetrators and shaped-charge jets.Considering mobility,the...Explosive reactive armor(ERA)is currently being actively developed as a protective system for mobile devices against ballistic threats such as kinetic energy penetrators and shaped-charge jets.Considering mobility,the aim is to design a protection system with a minimal amount of required mass.The efficiency of an ERA is sensitive to the impact position and the timing of the detonation.Therefore,different designs have to be tested for several impact scenarios to identify the best design.Since analytical models are not predicting the behavior of the ERA accurately enough and experiments,as well as numerical simulations,are too time-consuming,a data-driven model to estimate the displacements and deformation of plates of an ERA system is proposed here.The ground truth for the artificial neural network(ANN)is numerical simulation results that are validated with experiments.The ANN approximates the plate positions for different materials,plate sizes,and detonation point positions with sufficient accuracy in real-time.In a future investigation,the results from the model can be used to estimate the interaction of the ERA with a given threat.Then,a measure for the effectiveness of an ERA can be calculated.Finally,an optimal ERA can be designed and analyzed for any possible impact scenario in negligible time.展开更多
Background and Aims:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(iCCA)have common features and differences.This real-life study investigated their characteristics,treatment modalities,and prognoses...Background and Aims:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(iCCA)have common features and differences.This real-life study investigated their characteristics,treatment modalities,and prognoses.Methods:This retrospective comparative study was performed in 1,075 patients seen at one tertiary center between January 2008 and December 2020.Overall survival(OS)was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.Subclassification of iCCAs after histological and radiological review,and molecular profiling was performed.Results:HCCs patients were more likely to have early-stage disease than iCCA patients.iCCA patients were more likely to be female,especially those patients without cirrhosis(43%vs.17%).Cirrhosis was prominent among HCC patients(89%vs.34%),but no difference in underlying liver disease among cirrhotic patients was found.OS of HCC patients was 18.4(95%CI:6.4,48.3)months,that of iCCA patients was 7.0(95%CI:3.4,20.1)months.OS of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer C HCC patients was 7.8(95%CI:4.3,14.2)months,that of advanced/metastatic iCCA patients was 8.5(95%CI:5.7,12.3)months.In patients treated with sorafenib,OS was longer in HCC patients who received subsequent tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapies.No significant OS difference was found between iCCA patients with and without cirrhosis or according to histological subtype.A targetable molecular alteration was detected in 50%of the iCCA patients.Conclusions:In this French series,cirrhosis was common in iCCA,which showed etiological factors comparable to those of HCC,implying a distinct oncogenic pathway.Both entities had a dismal prognosis at advanced stages.However,systemic therapies sequencing in HCC and molecular profiling in iCCA offer new insights.展开更多
文摘Explosive reactive armor(ERA)is currently being actively developed as a protective system for mobile devices against ballistic threats such as kinetic energy penetrators and shaped-charge jets.Considering mobility,the aim is to design a protection system with a minimal amount of required mass.The efficiency of an ERA is sensitive to the impact position and the timing of the detonation.Therefore,different designs have to be tested for several impact scenarios to identify the best design.Since analytical models are not predicting the behavior of the ERA accurately enough and experiments,as well as numerical simulations,are too time-consuming,a data-driven model to estimate the displacements and deformation of plates of an ERA system is proposed here.The ground truth for the artificial neural network(ANN)is numerical simulation results that are validated with experiments.The ANN approximates the plate positions for different materials,plate sizes,and detonation point positions with sufficient accuracy in real-time.In a future investigation,the results from the model can be used to estimate the interaction of the ERA with a given threat.Then,a measure for the effectiveness of an ERA can be calculated.Finally,an optimal ERA can be designed and analyzed for any possible impact scenario in negligible time.
文摘Background and Aims:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(iCCA)have common features and differences.This real-life study investigated their characteristics,treatment modalities,and prognoses.Methods:This retrospective comparative study was performed in 1,075 patients seen at one tertiary center between January 2008 and December 2020.Overall survival(OS)was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.Subclassification of iCCAs after histological and radiological review,and molecular profiling was performed.Results:HCCs patients were more likely to have early-stage disease than iCCA patients.iCCA patients were more likely to be female,especially those patients without cirrhosis(43%vs.17%).Cirrhosis was prominent among HCC patients(89%vs.34%),but no difference in underlying liver disease among cirrhotic patients was found.OS of HCC patients was 18.4(95%CI:6.4,48.3)months,that of iCCA patients was 7.0(95%CI:3.4,20.1)months.OS of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer C HCC patients was 7.8(95%CI:4.3,14.2)months,that of advanced/metastatic iCCA patients was 8.5(95%CI:5.7,12.3)months.In patients treated with sorafenib,OS was longer in HCC patients who received subsequent tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapies.No significant OS difference was found between iCCA patients with and without cirrhosis or according to histological subtype.A targetable molecular alteration was detected in 50%of the iCCA patients.Conclusions:In this French series,cirrhosis was common in iCCA,which showed etiological factors comparable to those of HCC,implying a distinct oncogenic pathway.Both entities had a dismal prognosis at advanced stages.However,systemic therapies sequencing in HCC and molecular profiling in iCCA offer new insights.
