Maize(Zea mays L.)-soybean(Glycine max L.Merr.)relay intercropping provides a way to enhance land productivity.However,the late-planted soybean suffers from shading by the maize.After maize harvest,how the recovery gr...Maize(Zea mays L.)-soybean(Glycine max L.Merr.)relay intercropping provides a way to enhance land productivity.However,the late-planted soybean suffers from shading by the maize.After maize harvest,how the recovery growth influences the leaf and nodule traits remains unclear.A three-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of genotypes,i.e.,supernodulating(nts1007),Nandou 12(ND12),and Guixia 3(GX3),and crop configurations,i.e.,the interspecific row spacing of 45(I45),60(I60),75 cm(I75),and sole soybean(SS),on soybean recovery growth and N fixation.The results showed that intercropping reduced the soybean total leaf area(LA)by reducing both the leaf number(LN)and unit leaflet area(LUA),and it reduced the nodule dry weight(NW)by reducing both the nodule number(NN)and nodule diameter(ND)compared with the SS.The correlation and principal component analysis(PCA)indicated a co-variability of the leaf and nodule traits in response to the genotype and crop configuration interactions.During the recovery growth stages,the compensatory growth promoted soybean growth to reduce the gaps of leaf and nodule traits between intercropping and SS.The relative growth rates of ureide(RGR_U)and nitrogen(RGR_N)accumulation were higher in intercropping than in SS.Intercropping achieved more significant sucrose and starch contents compared with SS.ND12 and GX3 showed more robust compensatory growth than nts1007 in intercropping.Although the recovery growth of relay intercropping soybean improved biomass and nitrogen accumulation,ND12 gained a more significant partial land equivalent ratio(pLER)than GX3.The I60 treatment achieved more robust compensation effects on biomass and N accumulation than the other configurations.Meanwhile,I60 showed a higher nodule sucrose content and greater shoot ureide and N accumulation than SS.Finally,intercropping ND12 with maize using an interspecific row spacing of 60 cm was optimal for both yield advantage and N accumulation.展开更多
Relay cropping of Poaceae and Fabaceae promotes high yield and land-use efficiency by allowing a double harvest.However,it is difficult to increase yield synergistically because of the reduced photosynthetic abilities...Relay cropping of Poaceae and Fabaceae promotes high yield and land-use efficiency by allowing a double harvest.However,it is difficult to increase yield synergistically because of the reduced photosynthetic abilities of legume leaves under the shade of graminoids.Leaf photosynthetic capacity in relay cropping systems is associated with ecological niche differentiation and photosynthetic compensation after restoration of normal light.We conducted a field experiment in southwest China in 2020–2021 to evaluate the effects of three cropping patterns:maize–soybean relay cropping(IMS),monoculture maize(MM),and monoculture soybean(SS),and N application levels:no N application(NN:0 kg N ha^(−1)),reduced N(RN:180 kg N ha^(−1)),and conventional N(CN:240 kg N ha^(−1)).Compared to monocropping,relay cropping increased the stay-green traits of maize and soybean by 13%and 89%,respectively.Relay cropping prolonged the leaf stay-green duration in the maize and soybean lag phase by almost 4 and 8 days,respectively.Relay cropping maize(IM)increased the leaf area index(LAI)by 79.4%to 88.5%under NN and 55.5%to 148%under RN.Relay cropping soybean(IS)increased the LAI from 115%to 437%at days 40 to 50 after anthesis.IM increased yield by 65.6%.IS increased yield by 9.7%.HI and system yield were at their highest values under RN.In the relay cropping system,reduced N application extended green leaf duration,increased photosynthesis inside the canopy at multiple levels,ultimately increases soybean yield synergistically.展开更多
BACKGROUND Methods for predicting the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for recurrent hepatolithiasis after biliary surgery are currently lacking.AIM To establish a nomogram to predict the prognosis of patients...BACKGROUND Methods for predicting the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for recurrent hepatolithiasis after biliary surgery are currently lacking.AIM To establish a nomogram to predict the prognosis of patients with recurrent hepatolithiasis after biliary surgery.METHODS In this multicenter,retrospective study,data of consecutive patients in four large medical centers who underwent surgery for recurrent hepatolithiasis after biliary surgery were retrospectively analyzed.We constructed a nomogram to predict the prognosis of recurrent hepatolithiasis in a training cohort of 299 patients,following which we independently tested the nomogram in an external validation cohort of 142 patients.Finally,we used the concordance index(C-index),calibration,area under curve,decision curve analysis,clinical impact curves,and visual fit indices to evaluate the accuracy of the nomogram.RESULTS Multiple previous surgeries[2 surgeries:Odds ratio(95%confidence interval),1.451(0.719-2.932);3 surgeries:4.573(2.015-10.378);≥4 surgeries:5.741(1.347-24.470)],bilateral hepatolithiasis[1.965(1.039-3.717)],absence of immediate clearance[2.398(1.304-4.409)],neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio≥2.462[1.915(1.099-3.337)],and albumin-to-globulin ratio≤1.5[1.949(1.056-3.595)]were found to be independent factors influencing the prognosis.The nomogram constructed on the basis of these variables showed good reliability in the training(C-index:0.748)and validation(C-index:0.743)cohorts.Compared with predictions using traditional classification models,those using our nomogram showed better agreement with actual observations in the calibration curve for the probability of endpoints and the receiver operating characteristic curve.Dichloroacetate and clinical impact curves showed a larger net benefit of the nomogram.CONCLUSION The nomogram developed in this study demonstrated superior performance and discriminative power compared to the three traditional classifications.It is easy to use,highly accurate,and shows excellent calibration.展开更多
BACKGROUND Previous nomograms for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)did not include the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)or platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR).This study aimed to establish an effective nomogram capable of...BACKGROUND Previous nomograms for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)did not include the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)or platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR).This study aimed to establish an effective nomogram capable of estimating the association between preoperative inflammatory factors and overall survival(OS)of HCC patients after hepatectomy.AIM To analyse the factors affecting the prognosis of HCC and establish a nomogram.METHODS A total of 626 HCC patients(410 training set patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and 216 validation set patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China)underwent hepatectomy from January 2014 to December 2017 and were followed up every 3–6 mo.The nomogram was based on OS-related independent risk factors identified by Cox regression analysis.The C-index,calibration curve,and area under the curve(AUC)were used to evaluate the nomogram’s accuracy.RESULTS The 1-,2-and 3-year OS rates were 79.0%,68.0%and 45.4%in the training cohort(median OS=34 mo)and 92.1%,73.9%and 51.2%in the validation cohort(median OS=38 mo).Higherα-fetoprotein[hazard ratio(HR)=1.812,95%confidence interval(CI):1.343–2.444],NLR(HR=2.480,95%CI:1.856–3.312)and PLR(HR=1.974,95%CI:1.490–2.616),tumour size≥5 cm(HR=1.323,95%CI:1.002–1.747),and poor differentiation(HR=3.207,95%CI:1.944–5.290)were significantly associated with shortened OS.The developed nomogram integrating these variables showed good reliability in both the training(C-index=0.71)and validation cohorts(C-index=0.75).For predicting 1-,2-and 3-year OS,the nomogram had AUCs of 0.781,0.743 and 0.706 in the training cohort and 0.789,0.815 and 0.813 in the validation cohort.The nomogram was more accurate in predicting prognosis than the AJCC TNM staging system.CONCLUSION The prognostic nomogram combining pathological characteristics and inflammation indicators could provide a more accurate individualized risk estimate for the OS of HCC patients with hepatectomy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Efficient and practical methods for predicting the risk of malignancy in patients with pancreatic cystic neoplasms(PCNs)are lacking.AIM To establish a nomogram-based online calculator for predicting the ris...BACKGROUND Efficient and practical methods for predicting the risk of malignancy in patients with pancreatic cystic neoplasms(PCNs)are lacking.AIM To establish a nomogram-based online calculator for predicting the risk of malignancy in patients with PCNs.METHODS In this study,the clinicopathological data of target patients in three medical centers were analyzed.The independent sample t-test,Mann–Whitney U test or chi-squared test were used as appropriate for statistical analysis.After univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis,five independent factors were screened and incorporated to develop a calculator for predicting the risk of malignancy.Finally,the concordance index(C-index),calibration,area under the curve,decision curve analysis and clinical impact curves were used to evaluate the performance of the calculator.RESULTS Enhanced mural nodules[odds ratio(OR):4.314;95%confidence interval(CI):1.618–11.503,P=0.003],tumor diameter≥40 mm(OR:3.514;95%CI:1.138–10.849,P=0.029),main pancreatic duct dilatation(OR:3.267;95%CI:1.230–8.678,P=0.018),preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio≥2.288(OR:2.702;95%CI:1.008–7.244,P=0.048],and preoperative serum CA19-9 concentration≥34 U/mL(OR:3.267;95%CI:1.274–13.007,P=0.018)were independent risk factors for a high risk of malignancy in patients with PCNs.In the training cohort,the nomogram achieved a C-index of 0.824 for predicting the risk of malignancy.The predictive ability of the model was then validated in an external cohort(C-index:0.893).Compared with the risk factors identified in the relevant guidelines,the current model showed better predictive performance and clinical utility.CONCLUSION The calculator demonstrates optimal predictive performance for identifying the risk of malignancy,potentially yielding a personalized method for patient selection and decision-making in clinical practice.展开更多
提出了一种模式可配置的单精度浮点乘法器设计方案。利用90 nm互补金属氧化物半导体(complementary metal oxide semiconductor,CMOS)工艺设计了基于原码一位乘法、基4-Booth算法和Wallace树型算法等3种常用定点数乘法的浮点乘法器,测试...提出了一种模式可配置的单精度浮点乘法器设计方案。利用90 nm互补金属氧化物半导体(complementary metal oxide semiconductor,CMOS)工艺设计了基于原码一位乘法、基4-Booth算法和Wallace树型算法等3种常用定点数乘法的浮点乘法器,测试了3种乘法器的性能。在乘法器的尾数乘法部分添加模式选择模块,根据应用场景对频率、功耗和面积3个性能的不同需求选择和切换相应的算法,以满足不同应用对对处理器性能的要求。实验结果表明,与ifpmul32方法相比,所提设计的延时降低了57%,最低功耗降低了76.6%。与粗粒度可重构处理器实现的浮点乘法器相比,计算一次浮点乘法所需时钟周期数平均减少了87.3%。展开更多
在对新一代高效视频编码(High Efficiency Video Coding,HEVC)帧内预测Planar和DC模式算法分析的基础上,分别提出了高效的超大规模集成电路(Very Large Scale Integration Circuit,VLSI)设计方案,旨在解决处理延时较长、资源占用较大的...在对新一代高效视频编码(High Efficiency Video Coding,HEVC)帧内预测Planar和DC模式算法分析的基础上,分别提出了高效的超大规模集成电路(Very Large Scale Integration Circuit,VLSI)设计方案,旨在解决处理延时较长、资源占用较大的问题。针对Planar模式,提出一种在重组、合并算法的基础上,预测块复用的架构;针对DC模式,提出一种dcValue计算和滤波的基本块分离、各自复用不同块的架构。实验结果表明:所提架构与其他两种同类型架构相比,Planar模式实现平均处理延时减少了21%,资源消耗分别减少了14.7%和7%;DC模式实现平均处理延时减少了55%,同时资源消耗减少了22%和15%,能够满足1 920×1 080@30 f/s视频序列实时编码的需求。展开更多
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Soybean,CARS04-PS20)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3187101212 and 31671625).
文摘Maize(Zea mays L.)-soybean(Glycine max L.Merr.)relay intercropping provides a way to enhance land productivity.However,the late-planted soybean suffers from shading by the maize.After maize harvest,how the recovery growth influences the leaf and nodule traits remains unclear.A three-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of genotypes,i.e.,supernodulating(nts1007),Nandou 12(ND12),and Guixia 3(GX3),and crop configurations,i.e.,the interspecific row spacing of 45(I45),60(I60),75 cm(I75),and sole soybean(SS),on soybean recovery growth and N fixation.The results showed that intercropping reduced the soybean total leaf area(LA)by reducing both the leaf number(LN)and unit leaflet area(LUA),and it reduced the nodule dry weight(NW)by reducing both the nodule number(NN)and nodule diameter(ND)compared with the SS.The correlation and principal component analysis(PCA)indicated a co-variability of the leaf and nodule traits in response to the genotype and crop configuration interactions.During the recovery growth stages,the compensatory growth promoted soybean growth to reduce the gaps of leaf and nodule traits between intercropping and SS.The relative growth rates of ureide(RGR_U)and nitrogen(RGR_N)accumulation were higher in intercropping than in SS.Intercropping achieved more significant sucrose and starch contents compared with SS.ND12 and GX3 showed more robust compensatory growth than nts1007 in intercropping.Although the recovery growth of relay intercropping soybean improved biomass and nitrogen accumulation,ND12 gained a more significant partial land equivalent ratio(pLER)than GX3.The I60 treatment achieved more robust compensation effects on biomass and N accumulation than the other configurations.Meanwhile,I60 showed a higher nodule sucrose content and greater shoot ureide and N accumulation than SS.Finally,intercropping ND12 with maize using an interspecific row spacing of 60 cm was optimal for both yield advantage and N accumulation.
基金the Special Fund for the Industrial Technology System Construction of Modem Agriculture(CARS-04-PS20)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872856,31671625)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000500)。
文摘Relay cropping of Poaceae and Fabaceae promotes high yield and land-use efficiency by allowing a double harvest.However,it is difficult to increase yield synergistically because of the reduced photosynthetic abilities of legume leaves under the shade of graminoids.Leaf photosynthetic capacity in relay cropping systems is associated with ecological niche differentiation and photosynthetic compensation after restoration of normal light.We conducted a field experiment in southwest China in 2020–2021 to evaluate the effects of three cropping patterns:maize–soybean relay cropping(IMS),monoculture maize(MM),and monoculture soybean(SS),and N application levels:no N application(NN:0 kg N ha^(−1)),reduced N(RN:180 kg N ha^(−1)),and conventional N(CN:240 kg N ha^(−1)).Compared to monocropping,relay cropping increased the stay-green traits of maize and soybean by 13%and 89%,respectively.Relay cropping prolonged the leaf stay-green duration in the maize and soybean lag phase by almost 4 and 8 days,respectively.Relay cropping maize(IM)increased the leaf area index(LAI)by 79.4%to 88.5%under NN and 55.5%to 148%under RN.Relay cropping soybean(IS)increased the LAI from 115%to 437%at days 40 to 50 after anthesis.IM increased yield by 65.6%.IS increased yield by 9.7%.HI and system yield were at their highest values under RN.In the relay cropping system,reduced N application extended green leaf duration,increased photosynthesis inside the canopy at multiple levels,ultimately increases soybean yield synergistically.
基金Supported by the Key Research and Development Plan of Anhui Province,No.1804h08020239。
文摘BACKGROUND Methods for predicting the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for recurrent hepatolithiasis after biliary surgery are currently lacking.AIM To establish a nomogram to predict the prognosis of patients with recurrent hepatolithiasis after biliary surgery.METHODS In this multicenter,retrospective study,data of consecutive patients in four large medical centers who underwent surgery for recurrent hepatolithiasis after biliary surgery were retrospectively analyzed.We constructed a nomogram to predict the prognosis of recurrent hepatolithiasis in a training cohort of 299 patients,following which we independently tested the nomogram in an external validation cohort of 142 patients.Finally,we used the concordance index(C-index),calibration,area under curve,decision curve analysis,clinical impact curves,and visual fit indices to evaluate the accuracy of the nomogram.RESULTS Multiple previous surgeries[2 surgeries:Odds ratio(95%confidence interval),1.451(0.719-2.932);3 surgeries:4.573(2.015-10.378);≥4 surgeries:5.741(1.347-24.470)],bilateral hepatolithiasis[1.965(1.039-3.717)],absence of immediate clearance[2.398(1.304-4.409)],neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio≥2.462[1.915(1.099-3.337)],and albumin-to-globulin ratio≤1.5[1.949(1.056-3.595)]were found to be independent factors influencing the prognosis.The nomogram constructed on the basis of these variables showed good reliability in the training(C-index:0.748)and validation(C-index:0.743)cohorts.Compared with predictions using traditional classification models,those using our nomogram showed better agreement with actual observations in the calibration curve for the probability of endpoints and the receiver operating characteristic curve.Dichloroacetate and clinical impact curves showed a larger net benefit of the nomogram.CONCLUSION The nomogram developed in this study demonstrated superior performance and discriminative power compared to the three traditional classifications.It is easy to use,highly accurate,and shows excellent calibration.
基金Key Research and Development Plan of Anhui Province,No.1804h08020239(Dr.Liu FB).
文摘BACKGROUND Previous nomograms for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)did not include the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)or platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR).This study aimed to establish an effective nomogram capable of estimating the association between preoperative inflammatory factors and overall survival(OS)of HCC patients after hepatectomy.AIM To analyse the factors affecting the prognosis of HCC and establish a nomogram.METHODS A total of 626 HCC patients(410 training set patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and 216 validation set patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China)underwent hepatectomy from January 2014 to December 2017 and were followed up every 3–6 mo.The nomogram was based on OS-related independent risk factors identified by Cox regression analysis.The C-index,calibration curve,and area under the curve(AUC)were used to evaluate the nomogram’s accuracy.RESULTS The 1-,2-and 3-year OS rates were 79.0%,68.0%and 45.4%in the training cohort(median OS=34 mo)and 92.1%,73.9%and 51.2%in the validation cohort(median OS=38 mo).Higherα-fetoprotein[hazard ratio(HR)=1.812,95%confidence interval(CI):1.343–2.444],NLR(HR=2.480,95%CI:1.856–3.312)and PLR(HR=1.974,95%CI:1.490–2.616),tumour size≥5 cm(HR=1.323,95%CI:1.002–1.747),and poor differentiation(HR=3.207,95%CI:1.944–5.290)were significantly associated with shortened OS.The developed nomogram integrating these variables showed good reliability in both the training(C-index=0.71)and validation cohorts(C-index=0.75).For predicting 1-,2-and 3-year OS,the nomogram had AUCs of 0.781,0.743 and 0.706 in the training cohort and 0.789,0.815 and 0.813 in the validation cohort.The nomogram was more accurate in predicting prognosis than the AJCC TNM staging system.CONCLUSION The prognostic nomogram combining pathological characteristics and inflammation indicators could provide a more accurate individualized risk estimate for the OS of HCC patients with hepatectomy.
基金University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province,No.KJ2021ZD0021.
文摘BACKGROUND Efficient and practical methods for predicting the risk of malignancy in patients with pancreatic cystic neoplasms(PCNs)are lacking.AIM To establish a nomogram-based online calculator for predicting the risk of malignancy in patients with PCNs.METHODS In this study,the clinicopathological data of target patients in three medical centers were analyzed.The independent sample t-test,Mann–Whitney U test or chi-squared test were used as appropriate for statistical analysis.After univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis,five independent factors were screened and incorporated to develop a calculator for predicting the risk of malignancy.Finally,the concordance index(C-index),calibration,area under the curve,decision curve analysis and clinical impact curves were used to evaluate the performance of the calculator.RESULTS Enhanced mural nodules[odds ratio(OR):4.314;95%confidence interval(CI):1.618–11.503,P=0.003],tumor diameter≥40 mm(OR:3.514;95%CI:1.138–10.849,P=0.029),main pancreatic duct dilatation(OR:3.267;95%CI:1.230–8.678,P=0.018),preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio≥2.288(OR:2.702;95%CI:1.008–7.244,P=0.048],and preoperative serum CA19-9 concentration≥34 U/mL(OR:3.267;95%CI:1.274–13.007,P=0.018)were independent risk factors for a high risk of malignancy in patients with PCNs.In the training cohort,the nomogram achieved a C-index of 0.824 for predicting the risk of malignancy.The predictive ability of the model was then validated in an external cohort(C-index:0.893).Compared with the risk factors identified in the relevant guidelines,the current model showed better predictive performance and clinical utility.CONCLUSION The calculator demonstrates optimal predictive performance for identifying the risk of malignancy,potentially yielding a personalized method for patient selection and decision-making in clinical practice.
文摘提出了一种模式可配置的单精度浮点乘法器设计方案。利用90 nm互补金属氧化物半导体(complementary metal oxide semiconductor,CMOS)工艺设计了基于原码一位乘法、基4-Booth算法和Wallace树型算法等3种常用定点数乘法的浮点乘法器,测试了3种乘法器的性能。在乘法器的尾数乘法部分添加模式选择模块,根据应用场景对频率、功耗和面积3个性能的不同需求选择和切换相应的算法,以满足不同应用对对处理器性能的要求。实验结果表明,与ifpmul32方法相比,所提设计的延时降低了57%,最低功耗降低了76.6%。与粗粒度可重构处理器实现的浮点乘法器相比,计算一次浮点乘法所需时钟周期数平均减少了87.3%。
