The combined stress of high temperature and high relative air humidity is one of the most serious agrometeorological disasters that restricts the production capacity of protected agriculture.However,there is little in...The combined stress of high temperature and high relative air humidity is one of the most serious agrometeorological disasters that restricts the production capacity of protected agriculture.However,there is little information about the precise interaction between them on tomato fruit quality.The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of the combined stress of high temperature and relative humidity on the sugar and acid metabolism and fruit quality of tomato fruits,and to determine the best relative air humidity for fruit quality under high temperature environments.Four temperature treatments(32℃,35℃,38℃,41℃),three relative air humidity(50%,70%,90%)and four duration(3,6,9,12 d)orthogonal experiments were conducted,with 28℃,50%as control.The results showed that under high temperature and relative air humidity,the activity of sucrose metabolizing enzymes in young tomato fruits changed,which reduced fruits soluble sugar content;in addition,enzyme activities involved phosphopyruvate carboxylase(PEPC),mitochondria aconitase(MDH)and citrate synthetase(CS)increased which increased the content of organic acids(especially malic acid).Eventually,vitamin C,total sugar and sugar-acid ratio decreased significantly,while the titratable acid increased,resulting in a decrease in fruit flavor quality and nutritional quality in ripe fruit.Specifically,a temperature of 32℃and a relative air humidity of 70%were the best cultivation conditions for tomato reproductive growth period under high temperature.Our results indicating that fruit quality reduced under high temperature at the flowering stage,while increasing the relative air humidity to 70%could alleviate this negative effect.Our results are benefit to better understand the interaction between microclimate parameters under specific climatic conditions in the greenhouse environment and their impact on tomato flavor quality.展开更多
To improve the sludge conditioning efficiency without increasing the ozone dose,an in-situ sludge reduction process based on Mn^(2+)-catalytic ozonation conditioning was proposed.Using ozone conditioning alone as a co...To improve the sludge conditioning efficiency without increasing the ozone dose,an in-situ sludge reduction process based on Mn^(2+)-catalytic ozonation conditioning was proposed.Using ozone conditioning alone as a control,a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor coupled with ozonated sludge recycle was evaluated for its operating performance at an ozone dose of 75 mg O_(3)/g VSS and 1.5 mmol/L Mn^(2+)addition.The results showed a 39.4%reduction in MLSS and an observed sludge yield of 0.236 kg MLSS/kg COD for the O_(3)+Mn^(2+)group compared to the O_(3)group (15.3%and 0.292 kg MLSS/kg COD),accompanied by better COD,NH_(4)^(+)-N,TN and TP removal,improved effluent SS and limited impact on excess sludge properties.Subsequently,activity tests,BIOLOG ECO microplates and 16S rRNA sequencing were applied to elucidate the changing mechanisms of Mn^(2+)-catalytic ozonation related to microbial action:(1) Dehydrogenase activity reached a higher peak.(2) Microbial utilization of total carbon sources had an elevated effect,up to approximately 18%,and metabolic levels of six carbon sources were also increased,especially for sugars and amino acids most pronounced.(3) The abundance of Defluviicoccus under the phylum Proteobacteria was enhanced to 12.0%and dominated in the sludge,they had strong hydrolytic activity and metabolic capacity.Denitrifying bacteria of the genus Ferruginibacter also showed an abundance of 7.6%,they contributed to the solubilization and reduction of sludge biomass.These results could guide researchers to further reduce ozonation conditioning costs,improve sludge management and provide theoretical support.展开更多
Paired electrolysis in anion-exchange membrane(AEM)electrolyzers toward the cathodic nitrate reduction reaction(NO_(3)RR)and anodic benzylamine oxidation reaction(BOR)could generate high value-added N-containing compo...Paired electrolysis in anion-exchange membrane(AEM)electrolyzers toward the cathodic nitrate reduction reaction(NO_(3)RR)and anodic benzylamine oxidation reaction(BOR)could generate high value-added N-containing compounds simultaneously.The key challenge is to develop bifunctional electrocatalysts with a wide potential window,which can achieve highly efficient conversion of anode and cathode reactants.Herein,Ni_(3)Se_(4)with Se vacancies was prepared and employed as the cathode and anode of AEM electrolyzers for NO_(3)RR and BOR.^(15)N isotope-labeling online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS)proved that ammonium was reduced from nitrates and revealed the reaction pathway of NO_(3)RR.The density functional theory calculation clarified that Se vacancies regulate d-band centers,and then further modulate the adsorption energy of adsorbed hydrogen,NO_(3)^(-)and intermediates on the Ni_(3)Se_(4)-60s surface in NO_(3)RR,so as to optimize the hydrogenation of NO_(3)^(-)into ammonia.Moreover,during the BOR,the Se vacancy can promote the adsorption of OH^(-),which is easier to form the active species of Ni OOH.The technical and economic evaluation exhibited that the cost of paired electrolysis is 1.21 times lower and the profit is 1.42 times higher than that of the unpaired electrolysis,which shows the economic attraction of paired electrolysis.This work delivers the guidance for the design of efficient catalysts for paired electrolysis in AEM electrolyzer toward the sustainable synthesis of value-added chemicals.展开更多
In recent years,pollution caused by the discharge of industrial wastewater into Bohai Bay has posed a potential threat to the health of surrounding residents.Sludge was collected from the outlet of a factory that disc...In recent years,pollution caused by the discharge of industrial wastewater into Bohai Bay has posed a potential threat to the health of surrounding residents.Sludge was collected from the outlet of a factory that discharges effluent into Bohai Bay,and alcohol extracts of sludge(SE)were prepared.We confirmed by UPLC-MS/MS analysis that the SE contained PAHs,including fluorene,pyrene,and phenanthrene.Zebrafish embryos as animal models were exposed to 0.1,0.3,0.5,1 and 5 mg/mL SE from 2 to 4 h post-fertilization(hpf)until 120 hpf.The results showed that SE caused a concentration-dependent increase in mortality and a decrease in hatchability.We found that SE significantly reduced eye pigmentation and decreased the movement of embryos and larvae.In addition,SE decreased triiodothyronine(T3)content and down-regulated the mRNA expression of some thyroid hormone-related genes including TPO and Thrβ,and caused the up-regulation of Dio2 and Dio3 at 120 hpf.Exposure to three individual PAHs found in SE,namely fluorene,pyrene,and phenanthrene,caused morphological and transcriptional changes that were similar to those caused by SE exposure.These findings indicate that PAHs in SE can reduce the pigmentation of zebrafish,which may be related to the genetic changes associated with thyroid hormones,and that zebrafish eye pigmentation can be used as an indicator of PAHs exposure.展开更多
The electrochemical energy storage performance is greatly determined by the charge transfer and ion transportation occurring in the electrode materials.Therefore,the enhancement of electric conductivity and ionic mobi...The electrochemical energy storage performance is greatly determined by the charge transfer and ion transportation occurring in the electrode materials.Therefore,the enhancement of electric conductivity and ionic mobility is vital for high-performing and stable metal ion batteries.Here,we report the properties of oxygen vacancies(VO)and carbon co-doped TiO_(2) hollow spheres(HS-TiO_(2))and compared them with fully oxidized white TiO_(2) hollow spheres(W-TiO_(2)).Theoretical calculations and experimental results revealed that the introduction of carbon dopant and VO in anatase TiO_(2) reduced the bandgap and the existence of localized electrons,leading to a lower migration barrier of Li ions that promoted faster ion diffusion kinetics,enabling the HS-TiO_(2) with higher reversibility during the insertion and extraction of Li ions than the W-TiO_(2).This HS-TiO_(2) delivered superior lithium storage properties with a specific discharge capacity of 214.6 mAh g^(-1) for the 100th cycle at 200 mA g^(-1) and 116.3 mAh g^(-1) over 2000 cycles at a high rate of 2 A g^(-1).展开更多
水系锌基电池具有低成本和高安全性的优点,是很有潜力的储能技术.然而,枝晶、副反应和较差的低温性能限制了其实际应用,这与电解液的溶液组成密切相关.在本工作中,我们通过调控丙二醇电解液的溶剂结构及键相互作用,有效抑制了锌枝晶和...水系锌基电池具有低成本和高安全性的优点,是很有潜力的储能技术.然而,枝晶、副反应和较差的低温性能限制了其实际应用,这与电解液的溶液组成密切相关.在本工作中,我们通过调控丙二醇电解液的溶剂结构及键相互作用,有效抑制了锌枝晶和副反应.丙二醇具有较高的电子云密度和DN(Donor number)值,可以破坏水分子间和水分子与Zn^(2+)间的相互作用,从而提高H–O共价键的强度,降低水活性和冰点,改变Zn^(2+)的溶剂化结构.制备的电池器件表现出高的循环稳定性(Zn//Zn电池循环超过1000 h),高可逆性(库伦效率达到98.9%),高储锌性能(在5 Ag^(-1)下比容量为225 mA h g^(-1),循环5000圈容量保持率为92.6%)和优异的防冻性能(在-20℃下循环500圈比容量为190 mA h g^(-1)).本工作为高性能水系锌离子电池的发展提供了一种有前景的策略.展开更多
Although carbon nanomaterials have been widely used as effective nanofillers for fabrication of mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)with outstanding performances,the reproducibility of the fabricated MMMs is still hindered by...Although carbon nanomaterials have been widely used as effective nanofillers for fabrication of mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)with outstanding performances,the reproducibility of the fabricated MMMs is still hindered by the non-homogenous dispersion of these carbon nanofillers in membrane substrate.Herein,we report an effective way to improve the compatibility of carbon-based nanomaterials with membrane matrixes.By chemically conjugating the oxidized CNTs(o-CNTs)and GO using hexanediamine as cross-linker,a novel carbon nanohybrid material(G-CNTs)was synthesized,which inherited both the advanced properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and graphene oxide(G0).The G-CNTs incorporated polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)MMMs(GCNTs/PVDF)were fabricated via a non-solvent induced phase separation(NIPS)method.The filtration and antifouling performances of G-CNTs/PVDF were evaluated using distillate water and a1g/L bovine serum albumin(BSA)aqueous solution under 0.10 MPa.Compared to the MMMs prepared with o-CNTs,GO,the physical mixture of o-CNTs and GO and pure PVDF membrane,the G-CNTs/PVDF membrane exhibited the highest water flux up to 220 L/m%and a flux recovery ratio as high as 90%,as well as the best BSA rejection rate.The excellent performances should be attributed to the increased membrane pore size,porosity and hydrophilicity of the resulted membrane.The successful synthesis of the novel nanohybrid G-CNTs provides a new type of nanofillers for MMMs fabrication.展开更多
Transition metal oxides(TMO) bring a novel direction for the development of energy store materials due to their excellent stability. They not only have high capacity and good cycle performance, but also are cheap and ...Transition metal oxides(TMO) bring a novel direction for the development of energy store materials due to their excellent stability. They not only have high capacity and good cycle performance, but also are cheap and easily available. Zinc oxide(Zn O) as an important part of TMO have gradually attracted attention in the research of electrochemistry. Zn O, as a metal semiconductor with the advantages of wide band gap, possesses high ion migration rate, good chemical stability, simple preparation and low cost, and is widely used in various fields. However, poor conductivity, low permittivity and quick capacity decays quickly impede the commercial application of these electrodes. In recent years, in order to improve the structural stability, ion diffusion and conductivity of zinc oxides-based anodes, various strategies have been raised, such as structural design, surface modification and composition control. In this paper, the recent advances of zinc oxides-based materials for batteries and hybrid supercapacitors(SCs) were introduced. We comprehensively reviewed the prepared process, reaction mechanism and electrochemical performance and discussed the shortcoming of zinc oxides-based nanomaterials. In particular, several insights toward the future research development, practical applications and commercialization of energy storage devices are also proposed for improving the performance of zinc oxides-based materials.展开更多
Dear Editor,Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),the most common pathological type of primary liver cancer,ranks as the third deadliest cancer.Despite the progress of surgical resection in recent years,the 5-year survival of...Dear Editor,Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),the most common pathological type of primary liver cancer,ranks as the third deadliest cancer.Despite the progress of surgical resection in recent years,the 5-year survival of HCC patients is still unsatisfactory due to the frequent relapse and chemoresistance.Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that liver cancer stem cells(CSCs)are critical for HCC chemoresistance and recurrence.Nevertheless,the molecular mechanisms of liver CSC regulation remain unclear,which hampers the development of the therapeutic strategy that targets liver CSCs.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.41775104National Key Research and Development Plan of China under Grant No.2019FYD1002202.
文摘The combined stress of high temperature and high relative air humidity is one of the most serious agrometeorological disasters that restricts the production capacity of protected agriculture.However,there is little information about the precise interaction between them on tomato fruit quality.The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of the combined stress of high temperature and relative humidity on the sugar and acid metabolism and fruit quality of tomato fruits,and to determine the best relative air humidity for fruit quality under high temperature environments.Four temperature treatments(32℃,35℃,38℃,41℃),three relative air humidity(50%,70%,90%)and four duration(3,6,9,12 d)orthogonal experiments were conducted,with 28℃,50%as control.The results showed that under high temperature and relative air humidity,the activity of sucrose metabolizing enzymes in young tomato fruits changed,which reduced fruits soluble sugar content;in addition,enzyme activities involved phosphopyruvate carboxylase(PEPC),mitochondria aconitase(MDH)and citrate synthetase(CS)increased which increased the content of organic acids(especially malic acid).Eventually,vitamin C,total sugar and sugar-acid ratio decreased significantly,while the titratable acid increased,resulting in a decrease in fruit flavor quality and nutritional quality in ripe fruit.Specifically,a temperature of 32℃and a relative air humidity of 70%were the best cultivation conditions for tomato reproductive growth period under high temperature.Our results indicating that fruit quality reduced under high temperature at the flowering stage,while increasing the relative air humidity to 70%could alleviate this negative effect.Our results are benefit to better understand the interaction between microclimate parameters under specific climatic conditions in the greenhouse environment and their impact on tomato flavor quality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52192684 and 52270136)the National Key Research and Development Project (No. 2020YFC1908704)China Three Gorges Corporation (No. 202003166)。
文摘To improve the sludge conditioning efficiency without increasing the ozone dose,an in-situ sludge reduction process based on Mn^(2+)-catalytic ozonation conditioning was proposed.Using ozone conditioning alone as a control,a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor coupled with ozonated sludge recycle was evaluated for its operating performance at an ozone dose of 75 mg O_(3)/g VSS and 1.5 mmol/L Mn^(2+)addition.The results showed a 39.4%reduction in MLSS and an observed sludge yield of 0.236 kg MLSS/kg COD for the O_(3)+Mn^(2+)group compared to the O_(3)group (15.3%and 0.292 kg MLSS/kg COD),accompanied by better COD,NH_(4)^(+)-N,TN and TP removal,improved effluent SS and limited impact on excess sludge properties.Subsequently,activity tests,BIOLOG ECO microplates and 16S rRNA sequencing were applied to elucidate the changing mechanisms of Mn^(2+)-catalytic ozonation related to microbial action:(1) Dehydrogenase activity reached a higher peak.(2) Microbial utilization of total carbon sources had an elevated effect,up to approximately 18%,and metabolic levels of six carbon sources were also increased,especially for sugars and amino acids most pronounced.(3) The abundance of Defluviicoccus under the phylum Proteobacteria was enhanced to 12.0%and dominated in the sludge,they had strong hydrolytic activity and metabolic capacity.Denitrifying bacteria of the genus Ferruginibacter also showed an abundance of 7.6%,they contributed to the solubilization and reduction of sludge biomass.These results could guide researchers to further reduce ozonation conditioning costs,improve sludge management and provide theoretical support.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12265017 and 12247205)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (202201BE070001-009, 202101AU070043, 202201AV070003 and 202101AS070018)+1 种基金Yunnan Province Computational Physics and Applied Science, Technology Innovation TeamYunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young & Elite Talents Project。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22162025,22168040)Regional Innovation Capability Leading Program of Shaanxi(2022QFY07-03,2022QFY07-06)Shaanxi Province Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(S202210719108,S202110719107,S202010719121)
文摘Paired electrolysis in anion-exchange membrane(AEM)electrolyzers toward the cathodic nitrate reduction reaction(NO_(3)RR)and anodic benzylamine oxidation reaction(BOR)could generate high value-added N-containing compounds simultaneously.The key challenge is to develop bifunctional electrocatalysts with a wide potential window,which can achieve highly efficient conversion of anode and cathode reactants.Herein,Ni_(3)Se_(4)with Se vacancies was prepared and employed as the cathode and anode of AEM electrolyzers for NO_(3)RR and BOR.^(15)N isotope-labeling online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS)proved that ammonium was reduced from nitrates and revealed the reaction pathway of NO_(3)RR.The density functional theory calculation clarified that Se vacancies regulate d-band centers,and then further modulate the adsorption energy of adsorbed hydrogen,NO_(3)^(-)and intermediates on the Ni_(3)Se_(4)-60s surface in NO_(3)RR,so as to optimize the hydrogenation of NO_(3)^(-)into ammonia.Moreover,during the BOR,the Se vacancy can promote the adsorption of OH^(-),which is easier to form the active species of Ni OOH.The technical and economic evaluation exhibited that the cost of paired electrolysis is 1.21 times lower and the profit is 1.42 times higher than that of the unpaired electrolysis,which shows the economic attraction of paired electrolysis.This work delivers the guidance for the design of efficient catalysts for paired electrolysis in AEM electrolyzer toward the sustainable synthesis of value-added chemicals.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82060672)the Program for Interdisciplinary Innovation team in Inner Mongolia Minzu University,China(Dongwu-2023)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(2020MS08103).
文摘In recent years,pollution caused by the discharge of industrial wastewater into Bohai Bay has posed a potential threat to the health of surrounding residents.Sludge was collected from the outlet of a factory that discharges effluent into Bohai Bay,and alcohol extracts of sludge(SE)were prepared.We confirmed by UPLC-MS/MS analysis that the SE contained PAHs,including fluorene,pyrene,and phenanthrene.Zebrafish embryos as animal models were exposed to 0.1,0.3,0.5,1 and 5 mg/mL SE from 2 to 4 h post-fertilization(hpf)until 120 hpf.The results showed that SE caused a concentration-dependent increase in mortality and a decrease in hatchability.We found that SE significantly reduced eye pigmentation and decreased the movement of embryos and larvae.In addition,SE decreased triiodothyronine(T3)content and down-regulated the mRNA expression of some thyroid hormone-related genes including TPO and Thrβ,and caused the up-regulation of Dio2 and Dio3 at 120 hpf.Exposure to three individual PAHs found in SE,namely fluorene,pyrene,and phenanthrene,caused morphological and transcriptional changes that were similar to those caused by SE exposure.These findings indicate that PAHs in SE can reduce the pigmentation of zebrafish,which may be related to the genetic changes associated with thyroid hormones,and that zebrafish eye pigmentation can be used as an indicator of PAHs exposure.
基金supported by the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,the Chinese Academy of Sciences Director’s Fund(grant nos.YZJJ201902 and YZJJZX202018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.52002105)+5 种基金the Key Research and Development Plan Project of Anhui Province(grant no.2022H11020014)the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.XAB2020YW11)the collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center,CAS(grant no.2022HSC-CIP006)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(grant no.F2021208014)the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(grant no.QN2021063)the Science and Technology Research Project for the Colleges and Universities in Hebei Province(grant no.QN2022034).
文摘The electrochemical energy storage performance is greatly determined by the charge transfer and ion transportation occurring in the electrode materials.Therefore,the enhancement of electric conductivity and ionic mobility is vital for high-performing and stable metal ion batteries.Here,we report the properties of oxygen vacancies(VO)and carbon co-doped TiO_(2) hollow spheres(HS-TiO_(2))and compared them with fully oxidized white TiO_(2) hollow spheres(W-TiO_(2)).Theoretical calculations and experimental results revealed that the introduction of carbon dopant and VO in anatase TiO_(2) reduced the bandgap and the existence of localized electrons,leading to a lower migration barrier of Li ions that promoted faster ion diffusion kinetics,enabling the HS-TiO_(2) with higher reversibility during the insertion and extraction of Li ions than the W-TiO_(2).This HS-TiO_(2) delivered superior lithium storage properties with a specific discharge capacity of 214.6 mAh g^(-1) for the 100th cycle at 200 mA g^(-1) and 116.3 mAh g^(-1) over 2000 cycles at a high rate of 2 A g^(-1).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFE0133800)the CASHIPS Director’s Fund (YZJJ201902 and YZJJZX202018)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (1908085QB52 and 2008085ME135)。
文摘水系锌基电池具有低成本和高安全性的优点,是很有潜力的储能技术.然而,枝晶、副反应和较差的低温性能限制了其实际应用,这与电解液的溶液组成密切相关.在本工作中,我们通过调控丙二醇电解液的溶剂结构及键相互作用,有效抑制了锌枝晶和副反应.丙二醇具有较高的电子云密度和DN(Donor number)值,可以破坏水分子间和水分子与Zn^(2+)间的相互作用,从而提高H–O共价键的强度,降低水活性和冰点,改变Zn^(2+)的溶剂化结构.制备的电池器件表现出高的循环稳定性(Zn//Zn电池循环超过1000 h),高可逆性(库伦效率达到98.9%),高储锌性能(在5 Ag^(-1)下比容量为225 mA h g^(-1),循环5000圈容量保持率为92.6%)和优异的防冻性能(在-20℃下循环500圈比容量为190 mA h g^(-1)).本工作为高性能水系锌离子电池的发展提供了一种有前景的策略.
基金The authors acknowledge the financial support by the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(Grant No.18JCZDJC39700)the Science and Technology Project of Binhai District of Tianjin(Grant No.BHXQKJXM-PT-ZJSHJ-2017004)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC0404002)the 111 Program,Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.T2017002).
文摘Although carbon nanomaterials have been widely used as effective nanofillers for fabrication of mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)with outstanding performances,the reproducibility of the fabricated MMMs is still hindered by the non-homogenous dispersion of these carbon nanofillers in membrane substrate.Herein,we report an effective way to improve the compatibility of carbon-based nanomaterials with membrane matrixes.By chemically conjugating the oxidized CNTs(o-CNTs)and GO using hexanediamine as cross-linker,a novel carbon nanohybrid material(G-CNTs)was synthesized,which inherited both the advanced properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and graphene oxide(G0).The G-CNTs incorporated polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)MMMs(GCNTs/PVDF)were fabricated via a non-solvent induced phase separation(NIPS)method.The filtration and antifouling performances of G-CNTs/PVDF were evaluated using distillate water and a1g/L bovine serum albumin(BSA)aqueous solution under 0.10 MPa.Compared to the MMMs prepared with o-CNTs,GO,the physical mixture of o-CNTs and GO and pure PVDF membrane,the G-CNTs/PVDF membrane exhibited the highest water flux up to 220 L/m%and a flux recovery ratio as high as 90%,as well as the best BSA rejection rate.The excellent performances should be attributed to the increased membrane pore size,porosity and hydrophilicity of the resulted membrane.The successful synthesis of the novel nanohybrid G-CNTs provides a new type of nanofillers for MMMs fabrication.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.U1960107 and 51774002)the “333 Talent Project of Hebei Province (No.A202005018)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos.N2123034 and N2123001)。
文摘Transition metal oxides(TMO) bring a novel direction for the development of energy store materials due to their excellent stability. They not only have high capacity and good cycle performance, but also are cheap and easily available. Zinc oxide(Zn O) as an important part of TMO have gradually attracted attention in the research of electrochemistry. Zn O, as a metal semiconductor with the advantages of wide band gap, possesses high ion migration rate, good chemical stability, simple preparation and low cost, and is widely used in various fields. However, poor conductivity, low permittivity and quick capacity decays quickly impede the commercial application of these electrodes. In recent years, in order to improve the structural stability, ion diffusion and conductivity of zinc oxides-based anodes, various strategies have been raised, such as structural design, surface modification and composition control. In this paper, the recent advances of zinc oxides-based materials for batteries and hybrid supercapacitors(SCs) were introduced. We comprehensively reviewed the prepared process, reaction mechanism and electrochemical performance and discussed the shortcoming of zinc oxides-based nanomaterials. In particular, several insights toward the future research development, practical applications and commercialization of energy storage devices are also proposed for improving the performance of zinc oxides-based materials.
基金This work was supported by the grants from the National Key Research and Developm ent Program of China 2017YFA0504503National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)81972777 and 82003161+3 种基金Program of Shanghai Academ ic Research Leader(18XD1405400)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(20ZR145770)the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering(14DZ2272300)Shanghai Sailing Project(20YF1459600)from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality.
文摘Dear Editor,Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),the most common pathological type of primary liver cancer,ranks as the third deadliest cancer.Despite the progress of surgical resection in recent years,the 5-year survival of HCC patients is still unsatisfactory due to the frequent relapse and chemoresistance.Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that liver cancer stem cells(CSCs)are critical for HCC chemoresistance and recurrence.Nevertheless,the molecular mechanisms of liver CSC regulation remain unclear,which hampers the development of the therapeutic strategy that targets liver CSCs.
