The quality upgrading and deashing of inferior coal by chemical method still faces great challenges.The dangers of strong acid,strong alkali,waste water and exhaust gas as well as high cost limit its industrial produc...The quality upgrading and deashing of inferior coal by chemical method still faces great challenges.The dangers of strong acid,strong alkali,waste water and exhaust gas as well as high cost limit its industrial production.This paper systematically investigates the ash reduction and desilicification of two typical inferior coal utilizing ammonium fluoride roasting method.Under the optimal conditions,for fat coal and gas coal,the deashing rates are 69.02%and 54.13%,and the desilicification rates are 92.64%and 90.27%,respectively.The molar dosage of ammonium fluoride remains consistent for both coals;however,the gas coal,characterized by a lower ash and silica content(less than half that of the fat coal),achieves optimum deashing effect at a reduced time and temperature.The majority of silicon in coal transforms into gaseous ammonium fluorosilicate,subsequently preparing nanoscale amorphous silica with a purity of 99.90%through ammonia precipitation.Most of the fluorine in deashed coal are assigned in inorganic minerals,suggesting the possibility of further fluorine and ash removal via flotation.This research provides a green and facile route to deash inferior coal and produce nano-scale white carbon black simultaneously.展开更多
Quantum physics is primarily concerned with real eigenvalues,stemming from the unitarity of time evolutions.With the introduction of PT symmetry,a widely accepted consensus is that,even if the Hamiltonian of the syste...Quantum physics is primarily concerned with real eigenvalues,stemming from the unitarity of time evolutions.With the introduction of PT symmetry,a widely accepted consensus is that,even if the Hamiltonian of the system is not Hermitian,the eigenvalues can still be purely real under specific symmetry.Hence,great enthusiasm has been devoted to exploring the eigenvalue problem of non-Hermitian systems.In this work,from a distinct perspective,we demonstrate that real eigenvalues can also emerge under the appropriate recursive condition of eigenstates.Consequently,our findings provide another path to extract the real energy spectrum of non-Hermitian systems,which guarantees the conservation of probability and stimulates future experimental observations.展开更多
Critical states in disordered systems,fascinating and subtle eigenstates,have attracted a lot of research interests.However,the nature of critical states is difficult to describe quantitatively,and in general,it canno...Critical states in disordered systems,fascinating and subtle eigenstates,have attracted a lot of research interests.However,the nature of critical states is difficult to describe quantitatively,and in general,it cannot predict a system that hosts the critical state.We propose an explicit criterion whereby the Lyapunov exponent of the critical state should be 0 simultaneously in dual spaces,namely the Lyapunov exponent remains invariant under the Fourier transform.With this criterion,we can exactly predict a one-dimensional quasiperiodic model which is not of self-duality,but hosts a large number of critical states.Then,we perform numerical verification of the theoretical prediction and display the self-similarity of the critical state.Due to computational complexity,calculations are not performed for higher dimensional models.However,since the description of extended and localized states by the Lyapunov exponent is universal and dimensionless,utilizing the Lyapunov exponent of dual spaces to describe critical states should also be universal.Finally,we conjecture that some kind of connection exists between the invariance of the Lyapunov exponent and conformal invariance,which can promote the research of critical phenomena.展开更多
Human pose estimation is a basic and critical task in the field of computer vision that involves determining the position(or spatial coordinates)of the joints of the human body in a given image or video.It is widely u...Human pose estimation is a basic and critical task in the field of computer vision that involves determining the position(or spatial coordinates)of the joints of the human body in a given image or video.It is widely used in motion analysis,medical evaluation,and behavior monitoring.In this paper,the authors propose a method for multi-view human pose estimation.Two image sensors were placed orthogonally with respect to each other to capture the pose of the subject as they moved,and this yielded accurate and comprehensive results of three-dimensional(3D)motion reconstruction that helped capture their multi-directional poses.Following this,we propose a method based on 3D pose estimation to assess the similarity of the features of motion of patients with motor dysfunction by comparing differences between their range of motion and that of normal subjects.We converted these differences into Fugl–Meyer assessment(FMA)scores in order to quantify them.Finally,we implemented the proposed method in the Unity framework,and built a Virtual Reality platform that provides users with human–computer interaction to make the task more enjoyable for them and ensure their active participation in the assessment process.The goal is to provide a suitable means of assessing movement disorders without requiring the immediate supervision of a physician.展开更多
High quality gallium oxide(Ga_2O_3) thin films are deposited by remote plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition(RPEALD) with trimethylgallium(TMG) and oxygen plasma as precursors. By introducing in-situ NH3 plasma pret...High quality gallium oxide(Ga_2O_3) thin films are deposited by remote plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition(RPEALD) with trimethylgallium(TMG) and oxygen plasma as precursors. By introducing in-situ NH3 plasma pretreatment on the substrates, the deposition rate of Ga_2O_3 films on Si and GaN are remarkably enhanced, reached to 0.53 and 0.46 ?/cycle at 250 °C,respectively. The increasing of deposition rate is attributed to more hydroxyls(–OH) generated on the substrate surfaces after NH3 pretreatment, which has no effect on the stoichiometry and surface morphology of the oxide films, but only modifies the surface states of substrates by enhancing reactive site density. Ga_2O_3 film deposited on GaN wafer is crystallized at 250 °C, with an epitaxial interface between Ga_2O_3 and GaN clearly observed. This is potentially very important for reducing the interface state density through high quality passivation.展开更多
The Swarm intelligence algorithm is a very prevalent field in which some scholars have made outstanding achievements.As a representative,Slime mould algorithm(SMA)is widely used because of its superior initial perform...The Swarm intelligence algorithm is a very prevalent field in which some scholars have made outstanding achievements.As a representative,Slime mould algorithm(SMA)is widely used because of its superior initial performance.Therefore,this paper focuses on the improvement of the SMA and the mitigation of its stagnation problems.For this aim,the structure of SMA is adjusted to develop the efficiency of the original method.As a stochastic optimizer,SMA mainly stimulates the behavior of slime mold in nature.For the harmony of the exploration and exploitation of SMA,the paper proposed an enhanced algorithm of SMA called ECSMA,in which two mechanisms are embedded into the structure:elite strategy,and chaotic stochastic strategy.The details of the original SMA and the two introduced strategies are given in this paper.Then,the advantages of the improved SMA through mechanism comparison,balance-diversity analysis,and contrasts with other counterparts are validated.The experimental results demonstrate that both mechanisms have a significant enhancing effect on SMA.Also,SMA is applied to four structural design issues of the welded beam design problem,PV design problem,I-beam design problem,and cantilever beam design problem with excellent results.展开更多
Numerical research is conducted to investigate the effects of plasma boundary shape on the tearing mode triggering explosive bursts in toroidal tokamak plasmas.In this work,m/n=2/1 mode is responsible for the triggeri...Numerical research is conducted to investigate the effects of plasma boundary shape on the tearing mode triggering explosive bursts in toroidal tokamak plasmas.In this work,m/n=2/1 mode is responsible for the triggering of the explosive burst.Plasma boundary shape can be adjusted via the adjustment of the parameters triangularityδand elongationκ.The investigations are conducted both under lowβ(close to zero)and under finiteβregimes.In the lowβregime,triangularity and elongation both have stabilizing effect on the explosive burst,and the stabilizing effect of elongation is stronger.Under a large elongation(κ=2.0),the elongation effect can evidently enhance the stabilizing effect in a positive triangularity regime,but barely affects the stabilizing effect in a negative triangularity regime.In the finiteβregime,the explosive burst is delayed in comparison with that in the lowβregime.Similar to the lowβcases,the effects of triangularity and elongation both are stabilizing.Under a large elongation(κ=2.0),the elongation effect can evidently enhance the stabilizing effect on the explosive burst in a positive triangularity regime,but impair the stabilizing effect in a negative triangularity regime.The explosive burst disappears in the large triangularity case(δ=0.5),indicating that the explosive burst can be effectively prevented in experiments via carefully adjusting plasma boundary shape.Moreover,strong magnetic stochasticity appears in the negative triangularity case during the nonlinear phase.展开更多
We study the cross-stitch flatband lattice subject to the quasiperiodic complex potential exp(ix). We firstly identify the exact expression of quadratic mobility edges through analytical calculation, then verify the t...We study the cross-stitch flatband lattice subject to the quasiperiodic complex potential exp(ix). We firstly identify the exact expression of quadratic mobility edges through analytical calculation, then verify the theoretical predictions by numerically calculating the inverse participation ratio. Further more, we study the relationship between the real–complex spectrum transition and the localization–delocalization transition, and demonstrate that mobility edges in this non-Hermitian model not only separate localized from extended states but also indicate the coexistence of complex and real spectrum.展开更多
Multiple studies have reported decreased emergency department(ED)patient volumes during the coronavirus disease(COVID-19)pandemic,[1-6]including areas most affected by the virus.[7]Most existing studies have investiga...Multiple studies have reported decreased emergency department(ED)patient volumes during the coronavirus disease(COVID-19)pandemic,[1-6]including areas most affected by the virus.[7]Most existing studies have investigated general trends in ED presentations and have not examined the impact of COVID-19 on different types of EDs,specific ED patient groups,or illness presentations.展开更多
Disorders in glucose metabolism can be divided into three separate but interrelated domains,namely hyperglycemia,hypoglycemia,and glycemic variability.Intensive glycemic control in patients with diabetes might increas...Disorders in glucose metabolism can be divided into three separate but interrelated domains,namely hyperglycemia,hypoglycemia,and glycemic variability.Intensive glycemic control in patients with diabetes might increase the risk of hypoglycemic incidents and glucose fluctuations.These three dysglycemic states occur not only amongst patients with diabetes,but are frequently present in other clinical settings,such as during critically ill.A growing body of evidence has focused on the relationships between these dysglycemic domains with cardiac arrhythmias,including supraventricular arrhythmias(primarily atrial fibrillation),ventricular arrhythmias(malignant ventricular arrhythmias and QT interval prolongation),and bradyarrhythmias(bradycardia and heart block).Different mechanisms by which these dysglycemic states might provoke cardiac arrhythmias have been identified in experimental studies.A customized glycemic control strategy to minimize the risk of hyperglycemia,hypoglycemia and glucose variability is of the utmost importance in order to mitigate the risk of cardiac arrhythmias.展开更多
Pneumopericardium refers to the presence of air inside the pericardial cavity,which is a rare entity that has been reported clinically.Toledo,et al.[1]classified the causes of pneumopericardium into four categories:ia...Pneumopericardium refers to the presence of air inside the pericardial cavity,which is a rare entity that has been reported clinically.Toledo,et al.[1]classified the causes of pneumopericardium into four categories:iatrogenic,pericarditis,fistula formation between the pericardium and adjacent hollow organs,and trauma.展开更多
AIM To investigate the role of minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer and determine surgical, clinical, and oncological outcomes.METHODS This is a propensity score-matched case-control study, comparing three tr...AIM To investigate the role of minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer and determine surgical, clinical, and oncological outcomes.METHODS This is a propensity score-matched case-control study, comparing three treatment arms: robotic gastrectomy(RG), laparoscopic gastrectomy(LG), open gastrectomy(OG). Data collection started after sharing a specific study protocol. Data were recorded through a tailored and protected web-based system. Primary outcomes: harvested lymph nodes, estimated blood loss, hospital stay, complications rate. Among the secondary outcomes, there are: operative time, R0 resections, POD of mobilization, POD of starting liquid diet and soft solid diet. The analysis includes the evaluation of type and grade of postoperative complications. Detailed information of anastomotic leakages is also provided.RESULTS The present analysis was carried out of 1026 gastrectomies. To guarantee homogenous distribution of cases, patients in the RG, LG and OG groups were 1:1:2 matched using a propensity score analysis with a caliper = 0.2. The successful matching resulted in a total sample of 604 patients(RG = 151; LG = 151; OG = 302). The three groups showed no differences in all baseline patients characteristics, type of surgery(P = 0.42) and stage of the disease(P = 0.16). Intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the LG(95.93 ± 119.22) and RG(117.91 ± 68.11) groups compared to the OG(127.26 ± 79.50, P = 0.002). The mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was similar between the RG(27.78 ± 11.45), LG(24.58 ± 13.56) and OG(25.82 ± 12.07) approach. A benefit in favor of the minimally invasive approaches was found in the length of hospital stay(P < 0.0001). A similar complications rate was found(P = 0.13). The leakage rate was not different(P = 0.78) between groups.CONCLUSION Laparoscopic and robotic surgery can be safely performed and proposed as possible alternative to open surgery. The main highlighted benefit is a faster postoperative functional recovery.展开更多
A phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ clinical trial for treating malignant melanoma by boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT) was designed to evaluate whether the world's first in-hospital neutron irradiator(IHNI) was qualified for BNCT. I...A phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ clinical trial for treating malignant melanoma by boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT) was designed to evaluate whether the world's first in-hospital neutron irradiator(IHNI) was qualified for BNCT. In this clinical trial planning to enroll 30 patients, the first case was treated on August 19, 2014. We present the protocol of this clinical trial, the treating procedure, and the clinical outcome of this first case. Only grade 2 acute radiation injury was observed during the first four weeks after BNCT and the injury healed after treatment. No late radiation injury was found during the 24-month follow-up. Based on positron emission tomography-computed tomography(PET/CT) scan, pathological analysis and gross examination, the patient showed a complete response to BNCT,indicating that BNCT is a potent therapy against malignant melanoma and IHNI has the potential to enable the delivery of BNCT in hospitals.展开更多
Atrial fibrillation(AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice. Several conventional and novel predictors of AF development and progression(from paroxysmal to persistent and permanent types) have been repo...Atrial fibrillation(AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice. Several conventional and novel predictors of AF development and progression(from paroxysmal to persistent and permanent types) have been reported. The most important predictor of AF progression is possibly the arrhythmia itself. The electrical, mechanical and structural remodeling determines the perpetuation of AF and the progression from paroxysmal to persistent and permanent forms. Common clinical scores such as the hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, transient ischemic attack or stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and heart failure and the congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke/transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex category scores as well as biomarkers related to inflammation may also add important information on this topic. There is now increasing evidence that even in patients with so-called lone or idiopathic AF, the arrhythmia is the manifestation of a structural atrial disease which has recently been defined and described as fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy. Fibrosis results from a broad range of factors related to AF inducing pathologies such as cell stretch, neurohumoral activation, and oxidative stress. The extent of fibrosis as detected either by late gadolinium enhancement-magnetic resonance imaging or electroanatomic voltage mapping may guide the therapeutic approach based on the arrhythmia substrate. The knowledge of these risk factors may not only delay arrhythmia progression, but also reduce the arrhythmia burden in patients with first detected AF. The present review highlights on the conventional and novel risk factors of development and progression of AF.展开更多
AIM:To explore the optimal steroid therapeutic strategy for autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP).METHODS:This study was conducted retrospectively in two large institutions in China.Patients with clinically,radiologically and ...AIM:To explore the optimal steroid therapeutic strategy for autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP).METHODS:This study was conducted retrospectively in two large institutions in China.Patients with clinically,radiologically and biochemically diagnosed AIP were enrolled.The performed radiological investigations and biochemical tests,the regimen of the given steroid treatment,remission and relapse whether with and without steroid therapy were analyzed.RESULTS:Twenty-eight patients with AIP received steroid treatment,while 40 patients were treated surgically by pancreatoduodenectomy,distal pancreatectomy and choledochojejunostomy,radiofrequency ablation for the enlarged pancreatic head,percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and endoscopic biliary drainage.The starting oral prednisolone dose was 30 mg/d in 18(64.3%) patients and 40 mg/d in 10(35.7%) patients administered for 3 wk.The remission rate of AIP patients with steroid treatment(96.4%) was significantly higher than in those without steroid treatment(75%).Maintenance therapy(oral prednisolone dose 5 mg/d) was performed after remission for at least 6-12 mo to complete the treatment course.Similarly,the relapse rate was significantly lower in AIP patients with steroid treatment(28.6%) than in those without steroid treatment(42.5%).Steroid re-treatment was effective in all relapsed patients with or without steroid therapy.CONCLUSION:Steroid therapy should be considered in all patients with active inflammatory phase of AIP.However,the optimal regimen still should be trailed in larger numbers of patients with AIP.展开更多
AIM To assess the effect of enteral nutrition(EN) supplemented with glutamine on recovery after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis(IPAA) in rats, to provide an experimental basis for nutritional support in patients with ulc...AIM To assess the effect of enteral nutrition(EN) supplemented with glutamine on recovery after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis(IPAA) in rats, to provide an experimental basis for nutritional support in patients with ulcerative colitis(UC) after IPAA. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups(n = 8) after IPAA operation using a microsurgical technique. From the third postoperative day, rats in the control group, EN group, and immune nutrition(IN) group were fed standard rat chow, short peptide EN, and short peptide EN combined with glutamine ad libitum, respectively. The rats' general condition was observed throughout the study. Serum levels of total protein(TP), albumin(ALB), prealbumin(PA), and transferrin(TF) were detected on the 30 th postoperative day, using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The ileal pouch mucosa was stained with hematoxylin and eosin(HE), and occludin protein levels were detected by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS The body weight of rats in the EN group(359.20 ± 10.06 g) was significantly higher than that in the control group(344.00 ± 9.66 g)(P < 0.05) and lower than that in the IN group(373.60 ± 9.86 g)(P < 0.05) on the 30 th postoperative day. The levels of serum TP, ALB, PA, and TF in the EN group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.01 for all) and lower than those in the IN group(P < 0.05 for all). Histopathological score(EN: 0.80 ± 0.37; IN: 0.60 ± 0.40; control group: 2.29 ± 0.18) and expression level of occludin protein(EN: 0.182 ± 0.054; IN: 0.188 ± 0.048; control group: 0.127 ± 0.032) were significantly lower in the control group compared with the EN and IN groups(P < 0.05 for all), but there were no significant differences between the latter two groups(P > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION EN combined with glutamine may effectively improve nutritional status after IPAA. Our results suggest a benefit of glutamine supplementation in EN for UC patients undergoing IPAA, although human studies are required to confirm this finding.展开更多
文摘The quality upgrading and deashing of inferior coal by chemical method still faces great challenges.The dangers of strong acid,strong alkali,waste water and exhaust gas as well as high cost limit its industrial production.This paper systematically investigates the ash reduction and desilicification of two typical inferior coal utilizing ammonium fluoride roasting method.Under the optimal conditions,for fat coal and gas coal,the deashing rates are 69.02%and 54.13%,and the desilicification rates are 92.64%and 90.27%,respectively.The molar dosage of ammonium fluoride remains consistent for both coals;however,the gas coal,characterized by a lower ash and silica content(less than half that of the fat coal),achieves optimum deashing effect at a reduced time and temperature.The majority of silicon in coal transforms into gaseous ammonium fluorosilicate,subsequently preparing nanoscale amorphous silica with a purity of 99.90%through ammonia precipitation.Most of the fluorine in deashed coal are assigned in inorganic minerals,suggesting the possibility of further fluorine and ash removal via flotation.This research provides a green and facile route to deash inferior coal and produce nano-scale white carbon black simultaneously.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62071248)the Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Grant No.NY223109)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M721693).
文摘Quantum physics is primarily concerned with real eigenvalues,stemming from the unitarity of time evolutions.With the introduction of PT symmetry,a widely accepted consensus is that,even if the Hamiltonian of the system is not Hermitian,the eigenvalues can still be purely real under specific symmetry.Hence,great enthusiasm has been devoted to exploring the eigenvalue problem of non-Hermitian systems.In this work,from a distinct perspective,we demonstrate that real eigenvalues can also emerge under the appropriate recursive condition of eigenstates.Consequently,our findings provide another path to extract the real energy spectrum of non-Hermitian systems,which guarantees the conservation of probability and stimulates future experimental observations.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20200737)the Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Grant No.NY223109)+1 种基金the Innovation Research Project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.JSSCBS20210521)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M721693)。
文摘Critical states in disordered systems,fascinating and subtle eigenstates,have attracted a lot of research interests.However,the nature of critical states is difficult to describe quantitatively,and in general,it cannot predict a system that hosts the critical state.We propose an explicit criterion whereby the Lyapunov exponent of the critical state should be 0 simultaneously in dual spaces,namely the Lyapunov exponent remains invariant under the Fourier transform.With this criterion,we can exactly predict a one-dimensional quasiperiodic model which is not of self-duality,but hosts a large number of critical states.Then,we perform numerical verification of the theoretical prediction and display the self-similarity of the critical state.Due to computational complexity,calculations are not performed for higher dimensional models.However,since the description of extended and localized states by the Lyapunov exponent is universal and dimensionless,utilizing the Lyapunov exponent of dual spaces to describe critical states should also be universal.Finally,we conjecture that some kind of connection exists between the invariance of the Lyapunov exponent and conformal invariance,which can promote the research of critical phenomena.
基金This work was supported by grants fromthe Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,under Grant No.F2021202021the S&T Program of Hebei,under Grant No.22375001Dthe National Key R&D Program of China,under Grant No.2019YFB1312500.
文摘Human pose estimation is a basic and critical task in the field of computer vision that involves determining the position(or spatial coordinates)of the joints of the human body in a given image or video.It is widely used in motion analysis,medical evaluation,and behavior monitoring.In this paper,the authors propose a method for multi-view human pose estimation.Two image sensors were placed orthogonally with respect to each other to capture the pose of the subject as they moved,and this yielded accurate and comprehensive results of three-dimensional(3D)motion reconstruction that helped capture their multi-directional poses.Following this,we propose a method based on 3D pose estimation to assess the similarity of the features of motion of patients with motor dysfunction by comparing differences between their range of motion and that of normal subjects.We converted these differences into Fugl–Meyer assessment(FMA)scores in order to quantify them.Finally,we implemented the proposed method in the Unity framework,and built a Virtual Reality platform that provides users with human–computer interaction to make the task more enjoyable for them and ensure their active participation in the assessment process.The goal is to provide a suitable means of assessing movement disorders without requiring the immediate supervision of a physician.
基金supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61674165,61604167,61574160,61704183,61404159,11604366)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20170432,BK20160397,BK20140394)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFB0401803)the Strategic Priority Re-search Program of the Chinese Academy of Science(No.XDA09020401)the support at the Platform for Characterization&Test,Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics(SINANO),Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘High quality gallium oxide(Ga_2O_3) thin films are deposited by remote plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition(RPEALD) with trimethylgallium(TMG) and oxygen plasma as precursors. By introducing in-situ NH3 plasma pretreatment on the substrates, the deposition rate of Ga_2O_3 films on Si and GaN are remarkably enhanced, reached to 0.53 and 0.46 ?/cycle at 250 °C,respectively. The increasing of deposition rate is attributed to more hydroxyls(–OH) generated on the substrate surfaces after NH3 pretreatment, which has no effect on the stoichiometry and surface morphology of the oxide films, but only modifies the surface states of substrates by enhancing reactive site density. Ga_2O_3 film deposited on GaN wafer is crystallized at 250 °C, with an epitaxial interface between Ga_2O_3 and GaN clearly observed. This is potentially very important for reducing the interface state density through high quality passivation.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(J2124006,62076185)。
文摘The Swarm intelligence algorithm is a very prevalent field in which some scholars have made outstanding achievements.As a representative,Slime mould algorithm(SMA)is widely used because of its superior initial performance.Therefore,this paper focuses on the improvement of the SMA and the mitigation of its stagnation problems.For this aim,the structure of SMA is adjusted to develop the efficiency of the original method.As a stochastic optimizer,SMA mainly stimulates the behavior of slime mold in nature.For the harmony of the exploration and exploitation of SMA,the paper proposed an enhanced algorithm of SMA called ECSMA,in which two mechanisms are embedded into the structure:elite strategy,and chaotic stochastic strategy.The details of the original SMA and the two introduced strategies are given in this paper.Then,the advantages of the improved SMA through mechanism comparison,balance-diversity analysis,and contrasts with other counterparts are validated.The experimental results demonstrate that both mechanisms have a significant enhancing effect on SMA.Also,SMA is applied to four structural design issues of the welded beam design problem,PV design problem,I-beam design problem,and cantilever beam design problem with excellent results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11925501,12105034,and 12205034)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.DUT22ZD215)。
文摘Numerical research is conducted to investigate the effects of plasma boundary shape on the tearing mode triggering explosive bursts in toroidal tokamak plasmas.In this work,m/n=2/1 mode is responsible for the triggering of the explosive burst.Plasma boundary shape can be adjusted via the adjustment of the parameters triangularityδand elongationκ.The investigations are conducted both under lowβ(close to zero)and under finiteβregimes.In the lowβregime,triangularity and elongation both have stabilizing effect on the explosive burst,and the stabilizing effect of elongation is stronger.Under a large elongation(κ=2.0),the elongation effect can evidently enhance the stabilizing effect in a positive triangularity regime,but barely affects the stabilizing effect in a negative triangularity regime.In the finiteβregime,the explosive burst is delayed in comparison with that in the lowβregime.Similar to the lowβcases,the effects of triangularity and elongation both are stabilizing.Under a large elongation(κ=2.0),the elongation effect can evidently enhance the stabilizing effect on the explosive burst in a positive triangularity regime,but impair the stabilizing effect in a negative triangularity regime.The explosive burst disappears in the large triangularity case(δ=0.5),indicating that the explosive burst can be effectively prevented in experiments via carefully adjusting plasma boundary shape.Moreover,strong magnetic stochasticity appears in the negative triangularity case during the nonlinear phase.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. BK20200737)NUPTSF (Grant Nos. NY220090 and NY220208)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12074064)the Innovation Research Project of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. JSSCBS20210521)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2022M721693)。
文摘We study the cross-stitch flatband lattice subject to the quasiperiodic complex potential exp(ix). We firstly identify the exact expression of quadratic mobility edges through analytical calculation, then verify the theoretical predictions by numerically calculating the inverse participation ratio. Further more, we study the relationship between the real–complex spectrum transition and the localization–delocalization transition, and demonstrate that mobility edges in this non-Hermitian model not only separate localized from extended states but also indicate the coexistence of complex and real spectrum.
文摘Multiple studies have reported decreased emergency department(ED)patient volumes during the coronavirus disease(COVID-19)pandemic,[1-6]including areas most affected by the virus.[7]Most existing studies have investigated general trends in ED presentations and have not examined the impact of COVID-19 on different types of EDs,specific ED patient groups,or illness presentations.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81970270,No.81570298,and No.81270245Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project,No.TJYXZDXK-029A.
文摘Disorders in glucose metabolism can be divided into three separate but interrelated domains,namely hyperglycemia,hypoglycemia,and glycemic variability.Intensive glycemic control in patients with diabetes might increase the risk of hypoglycemic incidents and glucose fluctuations.These three dysglycemic states occur not only amongst patients with diabetes,but are frequently present in other clinical settings,such as during critically ill.A growing body of evidence has focused on the relationships between these dysglycemic domains with cardiac arrhythmias,including supraventricular arrhythmias(primarily atrial fibrillation),ventricular arrhythmias(malignant ventricular arrhythmias and QT interval prolongation),and bradyarrhythmias(bradycardia and heart block).Different mechanisms by which these dysglycemic states might provoke cardiac arrhythmias have been identified in experimental studies.A customized glycemic control strategy to minimize the risk of hyperglycemia,hypoglycemia and glucose variability is of the utmost importance in order to mitigate the risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
基金This study was supported by the Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(TJYXZDXK-029A)。
文摘Pneumopericardium refers to the presence of air inside the pericardial cavity,which is a rare entity that has been reported clinically.Toledo,et al.[1]classified the causes of pneumopericardium into four categories:iatrogenic,pericarditis,fistula formation between the pericardium and adjacent hollow organs,and trauma.
基金Supported by CARIT Foundation(Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Terni e Narni),No.0024137
文摘AIM To investigate the role of minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer and determine surgical, clinical, and oncological outcomes.METHODS This is a propensity score-matched case-control study, comparing three treatment arms: robotic gastrectomy(RG), laparoscopic gastrectomy(LG), open gastrectomy(OG). Data collection started after sharing a specific study protocol. Data were recorded through a tailored and protected web-based system. Primary outcomes: harvested lymph nodes, estimated blood loss, hospital stay, complications rate. Among the secondary outcomes, there are: operative time, R0 resections, POD of mobilization, POD of starting liquid diet and soft solid diet. The analysis includes the evaluation of type and grade of postoperative complications. Detailed information of anastomotic leakages is also provided.RESULTS The present analysis was carried out of 1026 gastrectomies. To guarantee homogenous distribution of cases, patients in the RG, LG and OG groups were 1:1:2 matched using a propensity score analysis with a caliper = 0.2. The successful matching resulted in a total sample of 604 patients(RG = 151; LG = 151; OG = 302). The three groups showed no differences in all baseline patients characteristics, type of surgery(P = 0.42) and stage of the disease(P = 0.16). Intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the LG(95.93 ± 119.22) and RG(117.91 ± 68.11) groups compared to the OG(127.26 ± 79.50, P = 0.002). The mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was similar between the RG(27.78 ± 11.45), LG(24.58 ± 13.56) and OG(25.82 ± 12.07) approach. A benefit in favor of the minimally invasive approaches was found in the length of hospital stay(P < 0.0001). A similar complications rate was found(P = 0.13). The leakage rate was not different(P = 0.78) between groups.CONCLUSION Laparoscopic and robotic surgery can be safely performed and proposed as possible alternative to open surgery. The main highlighted benefit is a faster postoperative functional recovery.
基金supported by the National Science&Technology Pillar Program during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2013BAI01B08)the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51290295)
文摘A phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ clinical trial for treating malignant melanoma by boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT) was designed to evaluate whether the world's first in-hospital neutron irradiator(IHNI) was qualified for BNCT. In this clinical trial planning to enroll 30 patients, the first case was treated on August 19, 2014. We present the protocol of this clinical trial, the treating procedure, and the clinical outcome of this first case. Only grade 2 acute radiation injury was observed during the first four weeks after BNCT and the injury healed after treatment. No late radiation injury was found during the 24-month follow-up. Based on positron emission tomography-computed tomography(PET/CT) scan, pathological analysis and gross examination, the patient showed a complete response to BNCT,indicating that BNCT is a potent therapy against malignant melanoma and IHNI has the potential to enable the delivery of BNCT in hospitals.
文摘Atrial fibrillation(AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice. Several conventional and novel predictors of AF development and progression(from paroxysmal to persistent and permanent types) have been reported. The most important predictor of AF progression is possibly the arrhythmia itself. The electrical, mechanical and structural remodeling determines the perpetuation of AF and the progression from paroxysmal to persistent and permanent forms. Common clinical scores such as the hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, transient ischemic attack or stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and heart failure and the congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke/transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex category scores as well as biomarkers related to inflammation may also add important information on this topic. There is now increasing evidence that even in patients with so-called lone or idiopathic AF, the arrhythmia is the manifestation of a structural atrial disease which has recently been defined and described as fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy. Fibrosis results from a broad range of factors related to AF inducing pathologies such as cell stretch, neurohumoral activation, and oxidative stress. The extent of fibrosis as detected either by late gadolinium enhancement-magnetic resonance imaging or electroanatomic voltage mapping may guide the therapeutic approach based on the arrhythmia substrate. The knowledge of these risk factors may not only delay arrhythmia progression, but also reduce the arrhythmia burden in patients with first detected AF. The present review highlights on the conventional and novel risk factors of development and progression of AF.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81170453
文摘AIM:To explore the optimal steroid therapeutic strategy for autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP).METHODS:This study was conducted retrospectively in two large institutions in China.Patients with clinically,radiologically and biochemically diagnosed AIP were enrolled.The performed radiological investigations and biochemical tests,the regimen of the given steroid treatment,remission and relapse whether with and without steroid therapy were analyzed.RESULTS:Twenty-eight patients with AIP received steroid treatment,while 40 patients were treated surgically by pancreatoduodenectomy,distal pancreatectomy and choledochojejunostomy,radiofrequency ablation for the enlarged pancreatic head,percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and endoscopic biliary drainage.The starting oral prednisolone dose was 30 mg/d in 18(64.3%) patients and 40 mg/d in 10(35.7%) patients administered for 3 wk.The remission rate of AIP patients with steroid treatment(96.4%) was significantly higher than in those without steroid treatment(75%).Maintenance therapy(oral prednisolone dose 5 mg/d) was performed after remission for at least 6-12 mo to complete the treatment course.Similarly,the relapse rate was significantly lower in AIP patients with steroid treatment(28.6%) than in those without steroid treatment(42.5%).Steroid re-treatment was effective in all relapsed patients with or without steroid therapy.CONCLUSION:Steroid therapy should be considered in all patients with active inflammatory phase of AIP.However,the optimal regimen still should be trailed in larger numbers of patients with AIP.
基金Supported by Li Jie-Shou Gut Barrier Foundation,No.LJS_201008
文摘AIM To assess the effect of enteral nutrition(EN) supplemented with glutamine on recovery after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis(IPAA) in rats, to provide an experimental basis for nutritional support in patients with ulcerative colitis(UC) after IPAA. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups(n = 8) after IPAA operation using a microsurgical technique. From the third postoperative day, rats in the control group, EN group, and immune nutrition(IN) group were fed standard rat chow, short peptide EN, and short peptide EN combined with glutamine ad libitum, respectively. The rats' general condition was observed throughout the study. Serum levels of total protein(TP), albumin(ALB), prealbumin(PA), and transferrin(TF) were detected on the 30 th postoperative day, using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The ileal pouch mucosa was stained with hematoxylin and eosin(HE), and occludin protein levels were detected by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS The body weight of rats in the EN group(359.20 ± 10.06 g) was significantly higher than that in the control group(344.00 ± 9.66 g)(P < 0.05) and lower than that in the IN group(373.60 ± 9.86 g)(P < 0.05) on the 30 th postoperative day. The levels of serum TP, ALB, PA, and TF in the EN group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.01 for all) and lower than those in the IN group(P < 0.05 for all). Histopathological score(EN: 0.80 ± 0.37; IN: 0.60 ± 0.40; control group: 2.29 ± 0.18) and expression level of occludin protein(EN: 0.182 ± 0.054; IN: 0.188 ± 0.048; control group: 0.127 ± 0.032) were significantly lower in the control group compared with the EN and IN groups(P < 0.05 for all), but there were no significant differences between the latter two groups(P > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION EN combined with glutamine may effectively improve nutritional status after IPAA. Our results suggest a benefit of glutamine supplementation in EN for UC patients undergoing IPAA, although human studies are required to confirm this finding.
