Recent studies on tropical cyclone(TC)intensity change indicate that the development of a vertically aligned TC circulation is a key feature of its rapid intensification(RI),however,understanding how vortex alignment ...Recent studies on tropical cyclone(TC)intensity change indicate that the development of a vertically aligned TC circulation is a key feature of its rapid intensification(RI),however,understanding how vortex alignment occurs remains a challenging topic in TC intensity change research.Based on the simulation outputs of North Atlantic Hurricane Wilma(2005)and western North Pacific Typhoon Rammasun(2014),vortex track oscillations at different vertical levels and their associated role in vortex alignment are examined to improve our understanding of the vortex alignment during RI of TCs with initial hurricane intensity.It is found that vortex tracks at different vertical levels oscillate consistently in speed and direction during the RI of the two simulated TCs.While the consistent track oscillation reduces the oscillation tilt during RI,the reduction of vortex tilt results mainly from the mean track before RI.It is also found that the vortex tilt is primarily due to the mean vortex track before and after RI.The track oscillations are closely associated with wavenumber-1 vortex Rossby waves that are dominant wavenumber-1 circulations in the TC inner-core region.This study suggests that the dynamics of the wavenumber-1 vortex Rossby waves play an important role in the regulation of the physical processes associated with the track oscillation and vertical alignment of TCs.展开更多
Objective Tuberculosis remains a severe public health issue, and the Beijing family of mycobacterium tuberculosis （M. tuberculosis） is widespread in East Asia, especially in some areas in China, like Beijing and Tia...Objective Tuberculosis remains a severe public health issue, and the Beijing family of mycobacterium tuberculosis （M. tuberculosis） is widespread in East Asia, especially in some areas in China, like Beijing and Tianjin. This study aimed at determining the mutation patterns of drug-resistant Beijing strains of M. tuberculosis isolated from Tianjin, China. Methods A total of 822 M. tuberculosis isolates were screened for drug resistance by an absolute concentration method and the genotype was identified by PCR. 169 drug-resistant isolates of the Beijing family were analyzed for the potential mutations in the rpoB, katG, inhA promoter region and in rpsL, rrs and embB genes, which are associated with resistance to rifampin （RFP）, isoniazid （INH）, streptomycin （SM） and ethambutol （EMB） respectively by PCR and DNA sequencing. Results Fifty-eight out of 63 RFP-resistant isolates were found to carry the mutations within the 81-bp RFP resistance determining region （RRDR） of the rpoB gene and the most frequent mutations occurred at codon 531 （44.4%）, 526 （28.6%）, and 516 （7.9%） respectively. 16 mutation pattems affecting 12 different codons around the RRDR of rpoB were found. Of 116 INH-resistant isolates, 56 （48.3%） had the mutation of katG 315 （AGC→ACC） （Ser→Thr）, 3 （2.6%） carried S315N （AGC→AAC） and 27 （16.0%） had the mutation of inhA-15A→T. 84 out of 122 SM-resistant isolates （68.9%） displayed mutations at the codons 43 or 88 with AAG→AGG （Lys→Arg） of the rpsL gene and 22 （18.0%） with the mutations at positions 513A→C, 516C→T or 905 A→G in the rrs gene. Of 34 EMB-resistant isolates, 6 had mutation with M306V （ATG→GTG）, 3 with M306I （ATG→ATT）, 1 with M306I （ATG→ATA）, 1 with D328Y （GAT→TAT）, 1 with V348L （GTC→CTC）, and 1 with G406S （GGC→AGC） in the embB gene. Conelusion These novel findings extended our understanding of resistance-related mutations in the Beijing strains of M. tuberculosis and may provide a scientific basis for development of new strategies for diagnosis and control of tuberculosis in China and other countries where Beijing strains are prevalent.展开更多
A series of new stable (thermal and photochemical) ferrocenyl derivatives containing C=N bond and benzene ring in long conjugated chains have been synthesized and characterized by (HNMR)-H-1(400MHz), IR, and elemental...A series of new stable (thermal and photochemical) ferrocenyl derivatives containing C=N bond and benzene ring in long conjugated chains have been synthesized and characterized by (HNMR)-H-1(400MHz), IR, and elemental analysis. Pull-push ferrocenyl complexes that we have prepared have strong NLO responses identified by electronic absorption spectrum.展开更多
Bile acids(BAs)are synthesized by the host liver from cholesterol and are delivered to the intestine,where they undergo further metabolism by gut microbes and circulate between the liver and intestines through various...Bile acids(BAs)are synthesized by the host liver from cholesterol and are delivered to the intestine,where they undergo further metabolism by gut microbes and circulate between the liver and intestines through various transporters.They serve to emulsify dietary lipids and act as signaling molecules,regulating the host’s metabolism and immune homeostasis through specific receptors.Therefore,disruptions in BA metabolism,transport,and signaling are closely associated with cholestasis,metabolic disorders,autoimmune diseases,and others.Botanical triterpenoids and steroids share structural similarities with BAs,and they have been found to modulate BA metabolism,transport,and signaling,potentially exerting pharmacological ortoxicological effects.Here,we have updated the research progress on BA,with a particular emphasis on new-found microbial BAs.Additionally,the latest advancements in targeting BA metabolism and signaling for disease treatment are highlighted.Subsequently,the roles of botanical triterpenoids in BA metabolism,transport,and signaling are examined,analyzing their potential pharmacological,toxicological,or drug interaction effects through these mechanisms.Finally,a research paradigm is proposed that utilizes the gut microbiota as a link to interpret the role of these important natural products in BA signaling.展开更多
Background:A difficulty associated with forensic applications is the detection of degraded biological materials.Due to the large amplicon sizes of short tandem repeat alleles,valid genotyping results cannot be obtaine...Background:A difficulty associated with forensic applications is the detection of degraded biological materials.Due to the large amplicon sizes of short tandem repeat alleles,valid genotyping results cannot be obtained from degraded biological materials.Recently,insertion/deletion(InDel)polymorphisms have been used in forensic applications for their widespread distributions in the human genome,short amplicon sizes,and low mutation rates.Purpose:Human identification InDel panels have mostly been designed for European populations.Therefore,our laboratory independently developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR)system with 35 polymorphic InDel loci to be used for human identification in China.Forensic validation studies were conducted on this novel 35-InDel multiplex PCR system.Methods:The 35 InDel loci were screened in the database,and then used with the traditional PCR amplification and capillary electrophoresis platform combined with five-color fluorescence parallel detection technology.Validation studies were performed on this novel panel,including accuracy,repeatability and reproducibility,species specificity,sensitivity,stability,forensic case sample detection,and mixture studies.In addition,forensic efficiency assessments were conducted in populations from different continents.Results:The data of validated studies indicated that the novel 35-InDel panel was accurate,stable,and efficient for forensic purposes.For human identification,the cumulative power of discrimination values for the these 35 InDel loci in East Asian,South Asian,European,American,and African populations were 0.999999999999995,0.999999999999995,0.999999999999971,0.9999999999999960,and 0.999999999998166,respectively.Conclusions:In this study,a set of 35 InDel loci were conducted in a multiplex amplification system for human identification of degraded DNA sample,and this new assay was efficient and stable.The present results suggested that the 35-InDel panel was a reliable tool for forensic use and could be efficiently used for human identification in the East Asian populations.展开更多
The thalamus and central dopamine signaling have been shown to play important roles in high-level cognitive processes including impulsivity. However, little is known about the role of dopamine receptors in the thalamu...The thalamus and central dopamine signaling have been shown to play important roles in high-level cognitive processes including impulsivity. However, little is known about the role of dopamine receptors in the thalamus in decisional impulsivity. In the present study,rats were tested using a delay discounting task and divided into three groups： high impulsivity（HI）, medium impulsivity（MI）, and low impulsivity（LI）. Subsequent in vivo voxel-based magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the HI rats displayed a markedly reduced density of gray matter in the lateral thalamus compared with the LI rats. In the MI rats, the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 or the D2 receptor antagonist eticlopride was microinjected into the lateral thalamus. SCH23390 significantly decreased their choice of a large, delayed reward and increased their omission of lever presses. In contrast,eticlopride increased the choice of a large, delayed reward but had no effect on the omissions. Together, our results indicate that the lateral thalamus is involved in decisional impulsivity, and dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the lateral thalamus have distinct effects on decisional impulsive behaviors in rats. These results provide a new insightinto the dopamine signaling in the lateral thalamus in decisional impulsivity.展开更多
In this research,genotyping data of 43 InDel loci in 311 Han individuals in Ankang City,Shaanxi Province,China were detected using a self-developed five-dye multiplex amplification panel.The allelic frequencies and fo...In this research,genotyping data of 43 InDel loci in 311 Han individuals in Ankang City,Shaanxi Province,China were detected using a self-developed five-dye multiplex amplification panel.The allelic frequencies and forensic parameters of all InDel loci were calculated.The combined power of discrimination and probability of exclusion values were 0.99999999999999999882739 and 0.999887424,respectively,which demonstrated that this 43-InDel panel was powerful for individual identifications in Ankang Han population.Moreover,genetic distances,pairwise F_(ST)values,principal component analyses,phylogenetic trees and STRUCTURE analyses were performed to investigate the genetic affinities between Ankang Han and reference groups.Population genetic investigations indicated that Ankang Han population had a close genetic relationship with Southern Han population compared with other reference groups.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos:42150710531,42192551,61827901)supported this study.
文摘Recent studies on tropical cyclone(TC)intensity change indicate that the development of a vertically aligned TC circulation is a key feature of its rapid intensification(RI),however,understanding how vortex alignment occurs remains a challenging topic in TC intensity change research.Based on the simulation outputs of North Atlantic Hurricane Wilma(2005)and western North Pacific Typhoon Rammasun(2014),vortex track oscillations at different vertical levels and their associated role in vortex alignment are examined to improve our understanding of the vortex alignment during RI of TCs with initial hurricane intensity.It is found that vortex tracks at different vertical levels oscillate consistently in speed and direction during the RI of the two simulated TCs.While the consistent track oscillation reduces the oscillation tilt during RI,the reduction of vortex tilt results mainly from the mean track before RI.It is also found that the vortex tilt is primarily due to the mean vortex track before and after RI.The track oscillations are closely associated with wavenumber-1 vortex Rossby waves that are dominant wavenumber-1 circulations in the TC inner-core region.This study suggests that the dynamics of the wavenumber-1 vortex Rossby waves play an important role in the regulation of the physical processes associated with the track oscillation and vertical alignment of TCs.
基金supported by National Science Key Grant(2008ZX10003-009).
文摘Objective Tuberculosis remains a severe public health issue, and the Beijing family of mycobacterium tuberculosis （M. tuberculosis） is widespread in East Asia, especially in some areas in China, like Beijing and Tianjin. This study aimed at determining the mutation patterns of drug-resistant Beijing strains of M. tuberculosis isolated from Tianjin, China. Methods A total of 822 M. tuberculosis isolates were screened for drug resistance by an absolute concentration method and the genotype was identified by PCR. 169 drug-resistant isolates of the Beijing family were analyzed for the potential mutations in the rpoB, katG, inhA promoter region and in rpsL, rrs and embB genes, which are associated with resistance to rifampin （RFP）, isoniazid （INH）, streptomycin （SM） and ethambutol （EMB） respectively by PCR and DNA sequencing. Results Fifty-eight out of 63 RFP-resistant isolates were found to carry the mutations within the 81-bp RFP resistance determining region （RRDR） of the rpoB gene and the most frequent mutations occurred at codon 531 （44.4%）, 526 （28.6%）, and 516 （7.9%） respectively. 16 mutation pattems affecting 12 different codons around the RRDR of rpoB were found. Of 116 INH-resistant isolates, 56 （48.3%） had the mutation of katG 315 （AGC→ACC） （Ser→Thr）, 3 （2.6%） carried S315N （AGC→AAC） and 27 （16.0%） had the mutation of inhA-15A→T. 84 out of 122 SM-resistant isolates （68.9%） displayed mutations at the codons 43 or 88 with AAG→AGG （Lys→Arg） of the rpsL gene and 22 （18.0%） with the mutations at positions 513A→C, 516C→T or 905 A→G in the rrs gene. Of 34 EMB-resistant isolates, 6 had mutation with M306V （ATG→GTG）, 3 with M306I （ATG→ATT）, 1 with M306I （ATG→ATA）, 1 with D328Y （GAT→TAT）, 1 with V348L （GTC→CTC）, and 1 with G406S （GGC→AGC） in the embB gene. Conelusion These novel findings extended our understanding of resistance-related mutations in the Beijing strains of M. tuberculosis and may provide a scientific basis for development of new strategies for diagnosis and control of tuberculosis in China and other countries where Beijing strains are prevalent.
文摘A series of new stable (thermal and photochemical) ferrocenyl derivatives containing C=N bond and benzene ring in long conjugated chains have been synthesized and characterized by (HNMR)-H-1(400MHz), IR, and elemental analysis. Pull-push ferrocenyl complexes that we have prepared have strong NLO responses identified by electronic absorption spectrum.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 82274071)Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTD-C-202208,China)+4 种基金A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsQing Lan ProjectJiangsu CM Clinical Medicine Innovation Center for Obstetrics,Gynecology,and Reproduction(ZX02102,China)NATCM’s Project of High-level Construction of Key TCM DisciplinesPostgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(grant number KYCX23_2039,China).
文摘Bile acids(BAs)are synthesized by the host liver from cholesterol and are delivered to the intestine,where they undergo further metabolism by gut microbes and circulate between the liver and intestines through various transporters.They serve to emulsify dietary lipids and act as signaling molecules,regulating the host’s metabolism and immune homeostasis through specific receptors.Therefore,disruptions in BA metabolism,transport,and signaling are closely associated with cholestasis,metabolic disorders,autoimmune diseases,and others.Botanical triterpenoids and steroids share structural similarities with BAs,and they have been found to modulate BA metabolism,transport,and signaling,potentially exerting pharmacological ortoxicological effects.Here,we have updated the research progress on BA,with a particular emphasis on new-found microbial BAs.Additionally,the latest advancements in targeting BA metabolism and signaling for disease treatment are highlighted.Subsequently,the roles of botanical triterpenoids in BA metabolism,transport,and signaling are examined,analyzing their potential pharmacological,toxicological,or drug interaction effects through these mechanisms.Finally,a research paradigm is proposed that utilizes the gut microbiota as a link to interpret the role of these important natural products in BA signaling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072122).
文摘Background:A difficulty associated with forensic applications is the detection of degraded biological materials.Due to the large amplicon sizes of short tandem repeat alleles,valid genotyping results cannot be obtained from degraded biological materials.Recently,insertion/deletion(InDel)polymorphisms have been used in forensic applications for their widespread distributions in the human genome,short amplicon sizes,and low mutation rates.Purpose:Human identification InDel panels have mostly been designed for European populations.Therefore,our laboratory independently developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR)system with 35 polymorphic InDel loci to be used for human identification in China.Forensic validation studies were conducted on this novel 35-InDel multiplex PCR system.Methods:The 35 InDel loci were screened in the database,and then used with the traditional PCR amplification and capillary electrophoresis platform combined with five-color fluorescence parallel detection technology.Validation studies were performed on this novel panel,including accuracy,repeatability and reproducibility,species specificity,sensitivity,stability,forensic case sample detection,and mixture studies.In addition,forensic efficiency assessments were conducted in populations from different continents.Results:The data of validated studies indicated that the novel 35-InDel panel was accurate,stable,and efficient for forensic purposes.For human identification,the cumulative power of discrimination values for the these 35 InDel loci in East Asian,South Asian,European,American,and African populations were 0.999999999999995,0.999999999999995,0.999999999999971,0.9999999999999960,and 0.999999999998166,respectively.Conclusions:In this study,a set of 35 InDel loci were conducted in a multiplex amplification system for human identification of degraded DNA sample,and this new assay was efficient and stable.The present results suggested that the 35-InDel panel was a reliable tool for forensic use and could be efficiently used for human identification in the East Asian populations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(81471353)the National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB553500)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups from of National Natural Science Foundation of China(81521063)
文摘The thalamus and central dopamine signaling have been shown to play important roles in high-level cognitive processes including impulsivity. However, little is known about the role of dopamine receptors in the thalamus in decisional impulsivity. In the present study,rats were tested using a delay discounting task and divided into three groups： high impulsivity（HI）, medium impulsivity（MI）, and low impulsivity（LI）. Subsequent in vivo voxel-based magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the HI rats displayed a markedly reduced density of gray matter in the lateral thalamus compared with the LI rats. In the MI rats, the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 or the D2 receptor antagonist eticlopride was microinjected into the lateral thalamus. SCH23390 significantly decreased their choice of a large, delayed reward and increased their omission of lever presses. In contrast,eticlopride increased the choice of a large, delayed reward but had no effect on the omissions. Together, our results indicate that the lateral thalamus is involved in decisional impulsivity, and dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the lateral thalamus have distinct effects on decisional impulsive behaviors in rats. These results provide a new insightinto the dopamine signaling in the lateral thalamus in decisional impulsivity.
基金This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,81930055 and 81772031)Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme(GDUPS,2017).
文摘In this research,genotyping data of 43 InDel loci in 311 Han individuals in Ankang City,Shaanxi Province,China were detected using a self-developed five-dye multiplex amplification panel.The allelic frequencies and forensic parameters of all InDel loci were calculated.The combined power of discrimination and probability of exclusion values were 0.99999999999999999882739 and 0.999887424,respectively,which demonstrated that this 43-InDel panel was powerful for individual identifications in Ankang Han population.Moreover,genetic distances,pairwise F_(ST)values,principal component analyses,phylogenetic trees and STRUCTURE analyses were performed to investigate the genetic affinities between Ankang Han and reference groups.Population genetic investigations indicated that Ankang Han population had a close genetic relationship with Southern Han population compared with other reference groups.
