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Low soil temperature and drought stress conditions at flowering stage affect physiology and pollen traits of rice 被引量:6
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作者 RAO Gang-shun umair ashraf +5 位作者 KONG Lei-lei MO Zhao-wen XIAO Li-zhong ZHONG Ke-you Fahd Rasul TANG Xiang-ru 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第8期1859-1870,共12页
Low temperature and drought stress are the major constraints in rice productivity worldwide. This study investigated the influence of low soil temperature and/or drought stress on physiology and pollen traits of two r... Low temperature and drought stress are the major constraints in rice productivity worldwide. This study investigated the influence of low soil temperature and/or drought stress on physiology and pollen traits of two rice genotypes viz., Guinongzhan and Yueza 763 at flowering stage. The experiment included four treatments, i.e., under the greenhouse natural growth conditions (UC) taken as control, drought stress (DS), the soil water potential was kept at ?0.035 to ?0.045 MPa (DS), low soil temperature (LT) maintained at 19 to 21℃, combined LT and DS (LT+DS, LD). Results showed that LT, DS, and LD substantially reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), whilst transpiration rate (Tr) was markedly enhanced by under LT in both rice genotypes. The malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were enhanced under LT, DS, and LD in Guinongzhan, whilst the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were regulated by LT, DS, and LD in both rice genotypes. Furthermore, anther dehiscence rate, pollen numbers on stigma, pollen viability and pollen germination rate, and anther starch contents were obviously reduced under LT and DS of both rice genotypes. Stress conditions substantially reduced the yield and yield components, i.e., effective panicles, seed set percentage, grain/panicles, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield of both genotypes and the effects were more apparent in Guinongzhan than those in Yueza 763 whilst combined LT and DS proved more damaging than individual stress. 展开更多
关键词 antioxidant enzymes cold stress POLLEN TRAITS PHOTOSYNTHESIS RICE yield
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Nitrogen Deep Placement Combined with Straw Mulch Cultivation Enhances Physiological Traits,Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Mechanical Pot-Seedling Transplanting Rice 被引量:7
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作者 LI Lin ZHANG Zheng +7 位作者 TIAN Hua umair ashraf Yousef Alhaj HAMOUD Al Aasmi ALAA TANG Xiangru DUAN Meiyang WANG Zaiman PAN Shenggang 《Rice science》 SCIE CSCD 2022年第1期89-100,I0031,共13页
To assess the effects of straw return coupled with deep nitrogen(N)fertilization on grain yield and N use efficiency(NUE)in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting(MPST)rice,the seedlings of two rice cultivars,i.e.,Yuxi... To assess the effects of straw return coupled with deep nitrogen(N)fertilization on grain yield and N use efficiency(NUE)in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting(MPST)rice,the seedlings of two rice cultivars,i.e.,Yuxiangyouzhan and Wufengyou 615 transplanted by MPST were applied with N fertilizer at 150 kg/hm2 and straw return at 6 t/hm2 in early seasons of 2019 and 2020.The experiment comprised of following treatments:CK(no fertilizer and no straw return),MDS(deep N fertilization and straw return),MBS(broadcasting fertilizer and straw return),MD(deep N fertilization without straw return),MB(broadcasting fertilizer without straw return).Results depicted that the MDS treatment significantly increased the rice yield by 41.69%-72.22%due to total above-ground biomass,leaf area index and photosynthesis increased by 54.70%-55.80%,38.52%-52.17%and 17.89%-28.40%,respectively,compared to the MB treatment.In addition,the MDS treatment enhanced the total N accumulation by 37.74%-43.69%,N recovery efficiency by 141.45%-164.65%,N agronomic efficiency by 121.76%-134.19%,nitrate reductase by 46.46%-60.86%and glutamine synthetase by 23.56%-31.02%,compared to the MB treatment.The average grain yield and NUE in both years for Yuxiangyouzhan were higher in the MDS treatment than in the MD treatment.Hence,deep N fertilization combined with straw return can be an innovative technique with improved grain yield and NUE in MPST in South China. 展开更多
关键词 mechanical pot-seedling transplanting nitrogen deep placement nitrogen use efficiency RICE straw return
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Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer increases rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency with fewer greenhouse gas emissions in a mechanical direct-seeded cropping system 被引量:6
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作者 Lin Li Hua Tian +9 位作者 Minghua Zhang Pingshan Fan umair ashraf Haidong Liu Xiongfei Chen Meiyang Duan Xiangru Tang Zaiman Wang Zheng Zhang Shenggang Pan 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2021年第6期1386-1396,共11页
Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer is a key strategy for improving nitrogen use efficiency. A two-year field experiment was conducted during the early rice growing seasons(March–July) of 2016 and 2017.The experime... Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer is a key strategy for improving nitrogen use efficiency. A two-year field experiment was conducted during the early rice growing seasons(March–July) of 2016 and 2017.The experimental treatments comprised two rice cultivars: Wufengyou 615(WFY 615) and Yuxiangyouzhan(YXYZ), and three N treatments: mechanical deep placement of all fertilizers as basal dose at 10 cm soil depth(one-time deep-placement fertilization, namely OTDP fertilization);manual surface broadcast(the common farmer practice) of 40% N fertilizer at one day before sowing(basal fertilizer)followed by broadcast application of 30% each at tillering and panicle initiation stages;and no fertilizer application at any growth stage as a control. One-time deep-placement fertilization increased grain yield of both rice cultivars by 11.8%–19.6%, total nitrogen accumulation by 10.3%–13.1%, nitrogen grain production efficiency by 29.7%–31.5%, nitrogen harvest index by 27.8%–30.0%, nitrogen agronomic efficiency by 71.3%–77.2%, and nitrogen recovery efficiency by 42.4%–56.7% for both rice cultivars, compared with the multiple-broadcast treatment. One-time deep-placement fertilization reduced CH4-induced global warming potential(GWP) by 20.7%–25.3%, N2O-induced GWP by 7.2%–12.3%, and total GWP by 14.7%–22.9% for both rice cultivars relative to the multiple-broadcast treatment. The activities of glutamine synthetase and nitrate reductase were increased at both panicle-initiation and heading stages in both rice cultivars following one-time deep-placement fertilization treatment. Larger leaf area index at heading stage and more favorable root morphological traits expressed as larger total root length, mean root diameter, and total root volume per hill were also observed. One-time deep-placement fertilization could be an effective strategy for increasing grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency and lowering greenhouse-gas emissions under mechanical direct-seeded cropping systems. 展开更多
关键词 N placement Grain yield Nitrogen use efficiency Greenhouse gas Direct-seeded rice
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Influence of Zinc Nutrition on Growth and Yield Behaviour of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i>L.) Hybrids 被引量:5
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作者 Azeem Tariq Shakeel A. Anjum +5 位作者 Mahmood A. Randhawa Ehsan Ullah Muhammad Naeem Rafi Qamar umair ashraf Mubashar Nadeem 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2014年第18期2646-2654,共9页
A field experiment was conducted during spring 2011 at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan to evaluate the comparative efficacy of Zn uptake and grain yield in three maize hybrids ... A field experiment was conducted during spring 2011 at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan to evaluate the comparative efficacy of Zn uptake and grain yield in three maize hybrids namely Pioneer-32F 10, Monsanto-6525 and Hycorn-8288 through the application of Zn in the form of ZnSO4. The ZnSO4 treatments comprised;soil application at the time of sowing @ 12 kg&middotha-1 (Zn1), foliar application at vegetative stage (9 leaf stage) @ 1% ZnSO4 solution (Zn2) and foliar application at reproductive stage (anthesis) @ 1% ZnSO4 solution (Zn3) and one treatment was kept as a control, where zinc was not applied (Zn0). The experimental results showed substantial difference in all physiological and yield parameters except plant height and stem diameter. Statistically maximum grain yield (8.76 t&middotha-1) was obtained with foliar spray of ZnSO4 at 9 leaf stage (Zn2) in case of Monsanto-6525. As regard to quality parameters, Pioneer-32F 10 and Hycorn-8288 accumulated more zinc contents in grains but Monsanto-6525 attained more zinc concentration in straw. Foliar spray of ZnSO4 at 9 leaf stage produced 19.42% more zinc contents in grains as compared to other ZnSO4 treatments. Foliar spray of ZnSO4 at 9 leaf stage in Monsanto-6525 hybrid produced higher grain yield. 展开更多
关键词 Grain Yield HYBRIDS MAIZE (Zea mays L.) ZnSO4
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Foliar Application of Micronutrients Enhances Wheat Growth, Yield and Related Attributes 被引量:1
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作者 Muhammad Zain Imran Khan +6 位作者 Rashid Waseem Khan Qadri umair ashraf Sajid Hussain Sajid Minhas Asif Siddiquei Muhammad Muzammil Jahangir Mohsin Bashir 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2015年第7期864-869,共6页
Wheat is one of the most essential foods in the world. To increase its productivity, nutrient management is one of the most important factors. To assess the possible role of micronutrients in improving wheat yield, an... Wheat is one of the most essential foods in the world. To increase its productivity, nutrient management is one of the most important factors. To assess the possible role of micronutrients in improving wheat yield, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the wheat performance by foliar application of micronutrients. Treatments consist of T1 = No spray, T2 = Spraying plants with tube well water (control), T3 = Spraying plants with 1.6 kg FeSO4/100 L water/acre, T4 = Spraying plants with 3 kg ZnSO4 (21%)/100 L water/acre, T5 = Spraying plants with 1 kg MnSO4/100 L water/acre, T6 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + MnSO4), T7 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + ZnSO4), T8 = Spraying plants with (ZnSO4 + MnSO4), and T9 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + ZnSO4 + MnSO4). Results showed that foliar application of micronutrients substantially improved plant height, spike length cm, spikelets/spike, grains/spike, test weight, Tillers m-2, grain and biological as well as harvest index of wheat. Among treatments, foliar application of FeSO4 + ZnSO4 + MnSO4 remained comparatively better regarding yield related attributes of 展开更多
关键词 MICRONUTRIENTS GROWTH SPIKELETS YIELD WHEAT
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Phosphorous and Foliar Applied Nitrogen Improved Productivity and Quality of Potato
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作者 Rashid Waseem Khan Qadri Imran Khan +5 位作者 Muhammad Muzammil Jahangir umair ashraf Ghufrana Samin Ammara Anwer Muhammad Adnan Mohsin Bashir 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2015年第1期144-149,共6页
Growth, yield and quality of potato are greatly affected by its nutritional management. Foliar application of urea reduces nitrogen losses and increases plant nitrogen use efficiency. This study was therefore planned ... Growth, yield and quality of potato are greatly affected by its nutritional management. Foliar application of urea reduces nitrogen losses and increases plant nitrogen use efficiency. This study was therefore planned to evaluate the effect of soil applied phosphorus (DAP) and foliar application of nitrogenous fertilizer (urea) on growth, yield and quality of potato. Experiment was comprised of four different treatments of phosphorus (DAP, 46% P) and nitrogen (urea, 46% N) including a control. Treatments were T0 (DAP 160 + Urea 300 kg/acre), T1 (DAP 160 + Urea 5 kg/acre), T2 (DAP 100 + Urea 6 kg/acre) and T3 (DAP 120 + Urea 8 kg/acre). DAP fertilizer was given as basal dressing at the time of sowing. Foliar applications of nitrogenous fertilizer (urea) were given after 30 of sowing with one week interval in five split doses. Results indicated that T3 remained better regarding productivity and quality of potato. The overall fertilizer efficacy regarding yield and quality was: T3 > T2 > T1 > T0. However, Vitamin C was found maximum in T0. 展开更多
关键词 NITROGEN POTATO TUBER Phosphorous QUALITY Yield
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Morphological and Phenological Attributes of Maize Affected by Different Tillage Practices and Varied Sowing Methods
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作者 Shakeel A. Anjum Ehsanullah   +3 位作者 umair ashraf Mohsin Tanveer Rafi Qamar Imran Khan 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2014年第11期1657-1664,共8页
To check the performance of maize under different tillage practices and varied sowing methods, an experiment was conducted at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The experiment was carried ... To check the performance of maize under different tillage practices and varied sowing methods, an experiment was conducted at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement with three replications. Different tillage practices viz, conventional tillage, minimum tillage and deep tillage were kept in main plots while sowing methods viz, flat sowing, ridge sowing and bed sowing were allocated to subplots. The maize hybrid “Pioneer-32T16” was sown on 24th February, 2012. Data pertaining to morphological and phenological attributes of maize showed that tillage practices and sowing methods had a significant effect on Germination count·m-2 (7.8), leaf area per plant (5010 cm2), leaf area index (4.87), crop growth rate (20.69 g·m-2·d-1), plant height (213.04 cm), number of leaves per plant (11.89), days to 50% tasseling (72.44) and days to 50% silking (73.77). Economically, maize sown on ridges under deep tillage gave maximum net income of Rs. 85162 ha-1 while minimum net income of Rs. 56984 ha-1 was found where flat sowing was adopted under minimum tillage system and also more BCR of 1.70 was recorded in ridge sown maize under deep tillage. 展开更多
关键词 MAIZE GROWTH TILLAGE SOWING Methods
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Phyto-Toxicity of Chromium in Maize: Oxidative Damage, Osmolyte Accumulation, Anti-Oxidative Defense and Chromium Uptake 被引量:3
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作者 Shakeel Ahmad ANJUM umair ashraf +4 位作者 Imran KHAN Mohsin TANVEER Muhammad SHAHID Abdul SHAKOOR WANG Longchang 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第2期262-273,共12页
Agricultural production systems are immensely exposed to different environmental stresses in which heavy metal stress receives serious concerns. This study was conducted to explore the deleterious effects of different... Agricultural production systems are immensely exposed to different environmental stresses in which heavy metal stress receives serious concerns. This study was conducted to explore the deleterious effects of different chromium (Cr) stress levels, i.e., O, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 μmol L^-1, on two maize genotypes, Wandan 13 and Runnong 35. Both genotypes were evaluated by measuring their growth and yield characteristics, Cr accumulation in different plant tissues, alterations in osmolyte accumulation, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and anti-oxidative enzyme activity to scavenge ROS. The results showed that Cr stress decreased the leaf area, cob formation, 100-grain weight, shoot fresh biomass, and yield formation, while Cr accumulation in different maize tissues was found in the order of roots 〉 leaves 〉 stem ~ seeds in both genotypes. The increased Cr toxicity resulted in higher free proline, soluble sugars and total phenolic contents, and lower soluble protein contents. However, enhanced lipid peroxidation was noticed in the forms of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance accumulation, and electrolyte leakage. The hyperactivity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, especially glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase indicated that these anti-oxidative enzymes had a central role in protecting maize from Cr toxicity, especially for Wandan 13. Moreover, higher uptake and less translocation of Cr contents into the grains of Wandan 13 implied its importance as a potential candidate against soil Cr pollution. 展开更多
关键词 agronomic characteristics anti-oxidative enzyme activity Cr accumulation Cr translocation heavy metal stress reactiveoxygen species
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