The aim of this study was to use a meta-analytic approach to evaluate the effect of commercially available yeast probiotic “Actisaf<sup>®</sup>; Sc 47” (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-4407)...The aim of this study was to use a meta-analytic approach to evaluate the effect of commercially available yeast probiotic “Actisaf<sup>®</sup>; Sc 47” (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-4407) produced and marketed by Phileo by Lesaffre on milk performance in dairy cows. Data from 22 trials including 17 with parallel designs and 5 with cross-over designs were collected, and only data with parallel designs were analyzed. From those trials, 4 are published and 13 are from technical reports. In total, 34 comparisons and 1074 dairy cows met the criteria for inclusion in the final analysis of milk yield (MY). For energy corrected milk (ECM), six trials with 12 comparisons and 476 dairy cows met the criteria for inclusion in the final analysis. Because the data are from different trials with different conditions, the statistical model defined includes the fixed effect of the treatment (with vs. without Actisaf<sup>®</sup> Sc 47) and the random effect of the trial. The meta-analysis showed a moderate heterogeneity for MY and ECM. The random effect meta-analysis showed an estimated mean difference +1.72 kg/d [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01 to 2.44] and +2.45 kg/d (95% CI: 1.73 to 3.17) for MY and ECM respectively, in favour of Actisaf<sup>®</sup><sup> </sup>Sc 47. The analysis of data without trials conducted under heat stress conditions showed positive effect of Actisaf<sup>®</sup> Sc 47. The random effect meta-analysis showed an estimated mean difference of +1.69 kg/d [95% CI: 1.24 to 2.14] and +2.92 kg/d (95% CI: 2.45 to 3.40) for MY and ECM respectively, in favour of Actisaf<sup>®</sup> Sc 47. These observations provide strong evidence that this commercially available yeast probiotic can significantly improve milk performances of dairy cows under different conditions.展开更多
The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a faeces sieving tool “Digescan” as an indicator of feed valorization, and to test the influence of feeding strategy on fecal particle size (PS) distribution an...The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a faeces sieving tool “Digescan” as an indicator of feed valorization, and to test the influence of feeding strategy on fecal particle size (PS) distribution and weight, milk performance and the possible association between them. Data from 95 trials were used. During each trial, two periods were identified: before and during live yeast probiotic (LYP) supplementation. The LYP used at 5 g/d/cow was Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CNCM I-4407, 1010 CFU/g, Actisaf<sup>®</sup> Sc47;Phileo by Lesaffre, France). Milk yield and composition were recorded. Fecal samples were taken at the end of each period and sieved with a set of two wire-mesh screens with pore sizes of 5 mm and 2 mm under running tap water. Yeast probiotic supplementation significantly reduced (P 5 mm was accompanied by 1.2 and 0.65 kg/d decrease in MY, 2.5 and 2 kg/d decrease in ECM and 3.2 and 2.6 kg/d in FCM before and during LYP supplementation, respectively. Fecal particle distribution appears to be a practicable tool to predict influences of feeding systems on feed valorization and performance in dairy cows. Live yeast increases dairy performance and decreases the quantity of fecal particles remaining in the two sieves after rinsing.展开更多
Anaerobic digestion is often used as an approach to deal with high COD waste streams. Compared to the aeration systems it allows better energy management due to the biogas production but also has several limitations i...Anaerobic digestion is often used as an approach to deal with high COD waste streams. Compared to the aeration systems it allows better energy management due to the biogas production but also has several limitations including inlet waste streams quality and the additional equipment required for energy harvesting. In recent years, the bio-electrochemical systems (BES) and processes are intensively studied as a method for organic waste utilization, including wastewater. They potentially could bring several benefits to the wastewater treatment, mainly due to avoiding aeration (and aeration cost) and direct energy recovering in the form of electricity. Besides their anaerobic nature, the biological processes in BES are respiration-like contrary to the fermentative degradation typical for conventional anaerobic digestion which eventually will provide better mineralization and higher efficiency in terms of COD and BOD removal in such reactors. This study is a direct comparison between conventional anaerobic digestion and Microbial Fuel Cell (as a typical BES reactor) during utilization of wastewater from industrial production of ethanol by fermentation. COD removal rates and dynamics, energy recovery properties and parameters such as secondary sludge production are investigated in order to characterize the feasibility and technological readiness of BES as a step towards their commercialization.展开更多
The high concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen in wastewater and sludge could be lowered to a certain level by struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) crystallization. One of the main factors for struvite formation is the so...The high concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen in wastewater and sludge could be lowered to a certain level by struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) crystallization. One of the main factors for struvite formation is the solution pH. It can be adjusted by non-reagent carbon (CO2) dioxide stripping through the process of aeration. The intensity of the mass transfer between the air and the supernatant of dewatering sludge obtained from wastewater treatment plant is characterized by the volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficient, which can be estimated theoretically. It is found that the rate of pH increase depends strongly on the sparging area of the air distribution system while the air flow rate does not influence considerably the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) level which governs the CO2 stripping process. The theoretical calculated values of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient have been compared with those obtained experimentally. Based on the data obtained, relationships of pH/kLa (mass transfer coefficient) were developed. These correlations serve as a tool for prediction of pH during the struvite precipitation process.展开更多
Agrotechnical assessment of struvite produced by a lab-scale sedimentation unit is performed. As a source of phosphates and ammonia, liquor obtained through dewatering of Мunicipal wastewater treatment plant sludge w...Agrotechnical assessment of struvite produced by a lab-scale sedimentation unit is performed. As a source of phosphates and ammonia, liquor obtained through dewatering of Мunicipal wastewater treatment plant sludge was in use. The range of phosphates and ammonia was in the range of 130 - 250 and 380 - 560 mg/L, respectively. Seawater brine with a magnesium concentration of around 60 g Mg<sup>2+</sup>/L was applied as a source of magnesium. The agrotechnical characteristics of struvite obtained were compared to ammonium nitrate and carbamide in regards to the productivity effects on maize hybrid P9241. The results show that the effectiveness of struvite and some commercial fertilizers is quite close. The highest yield in the experiment was achieved with the application of carbamide plus ammonium nitrate (56.64 kg/ha), while in applying struvite solely it is 54.60 kg/ha. The highest protein content of maize (9.7%) was observed in the case of struvite/ammonium nitrate application.展开更多
文摘The aim of this study was to use a meta-analytic approach to evaluate the effect of commercially available yeast probiotic “Actisaf<sup>®</sup>; Sc 47” (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-4407) produced and marketed by Phileo by Lesaffre on milk performance in dairy cows. Data from 22 trials including 17 with parallel designs and 5 with cross-over designs were collected, and only data with parallel designs were analyzed. From those trials, 4 are published and 13 are from technical reports. In total, 34 comparisons and 1074 dairy cows met the criteria for inclusion in the final analysis of milk yield (MY). For energy corrected milk (ECM), six trials with 12 comparisons and 476 dairy cows met the criteria for inclusion in the final analysis. Because the data are from different trials with different conditions, the statistical model defined includes the fixed effect of the treatment (with vs. without Actisaf<sup>®</sup> Sc 47) and the random effect of the trial. The meta-analysis showed a moderate heterogeneity for MY and ECM. The random effect meta-analysis showed an estimated mean difference +1.72 kg/d [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01 to 2.44] and +2.45 kg/d (95% CI: 1.73 to 3.17) for MY and ECM respectively, in favour of Actisaf<sup>®</sup><sup> </sup>Sc 47. The analysis of data without trials conducted under heat stress conditions showed positive effect of Actisaf<sup>®</sup> Sc 47. The random effect meta-analysis showed an estimated mean difference of +1.69 kg/d [95% CI: 1.24 to 2.14] and +2.92 kg/d (95% CI: 2.45 to 3.40) for MY and ECM respectively, in favour of Actisaf<sup>®</sup> Sc 47. These observations provide strong evidence that this commercially available yeast probiotic can significantly improve milk performances of dairy cows under different conditions.
文摘The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a faeces sieving tool “Digescan” as an indicator of feed valorization, and to test the influence of feeding strategy on fecal particle size (PS) distribution and weight, milk performance and the possible association between them. Data from 95 trials were used. During each trial, two periods were identified: before and during live yeast probiotic (LYP) supplementation. The LYP used at 5 g/d/cow was Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CNCM I-4407, 1010 CFU/g, Actisaf<sup>®</sup> Sc47;Phileo by Lesaffre, France). Milk yield and composition were recorded. Fecal samples were taken at the end of each period and sieved with a set of two wire-mesh screens with pore sizes of 5 mm and 2 mm under running tap water. Yeast probiotic supplementation significantly reduced (P 5 mm was accompanied by 1.2 and 0.65 kg/d decrease in MY, 2.5 and 2 kg/d decrease in ECM and 3.2 and 2.6 kg/d in FCM before and during LYP supplementation, respectively. Fecal particle distribution appears to be a practicable tool to predict influences of feeding systems on feed valorization and performance in dairy cows. Live yeast increases dairy performance and decreases the quantity of fecal particles remaining in the two sieves after rinsing.
文摘Anaerobic digestion is often used as an approach to deal with high COD waste streams. Compared to the aeration systems it allows better energy management due to the biogas production but also has several limitations including inlet waste streams quality and the additional equipment required for energy harvesting. In recent years, the bio-electrochemical systems (BES) and processes are intensively studied as a method for organic waste utilization, including wastewater. They potentially could bring several benefits to the wastewater treatment, mainly due to avoiding aeration (and aeration cost) and direct energy recovering in the form of electricity. Besides their anaerobic nature, the biological processes in BES are respiration-like contrary to the fermentative degradation typical for conventional anaerobic digestion which eventually will provide better mineralization and higher efficiency in terms of COD and BOD removal in such reactors. This study is a direct comparison between conventional anaerobic digestion and Microbial Fuel Cell (as a typical BES reactor) during utilization of wastewater from industrial production of ethanol by fermentation. COD removal rates and dynamics, energy recovery properties and parameters such as secondary sludge production are investigated in order to characterize the feasibility and technological readiness of BES as a step towards their commercialization.
文摘The high concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen in wastewater and sludge could be lowered to a certain level by struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) crystallization. One of the main factors for struvite formation is the solution pH. It can be adjusted by non-reagent carbon (CO2) dioxide stripping through the process of aeration. The intensity of the mass transfer between the air and the supernatant of dewatering sludge obtained from wastewater treatment plant is characterized by the volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficient, which can be estimated theoretically. It is found that the rate of pH increase depends strongly on the sparging area of the air distribution system while the air flow rate does not influence considerably the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) level which governs the CO2 stripping process. The theoretical calculated values of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient have been compared with those obtained experimentally. Based on the data obtained, relationships of pH/kLa (mass transfer coefficient) were developed. These correlations serve as a tool for prediction of pH during the struvite precipitation process.
文摘Agrotechnical assessment of struvite produced by a lab-scale sedimentation unit is performed. As a source of phosphates and ammonia, liquor obtained through dewatering of Мunicipal wastewater treatment plant sludge was in use. The range of phosphates and ammonia was in the range of 130 - 250 and 380 - 560 mg/L, respectively. Seawater brine with a magnesium concentration of around 60 g Mg<sup>2+</sup>/L was applied as a source of magnesium. The agrotechnical characteristics of struvite obtained were compared to ammonium nitrate and carbamide in regards to the productivity effects on maize hybrid P9241. The results show that the effectiveness of struvite and some commercial fertilizers is quite close. The highest yield in the experiment was achieved with the application of carbamide plus ammonium nitrate (56.64 kg/ha), while in applying struvite solely it is 54.60 kg/ha. The highest protein content of maize (9.7%) was observed in the case of struvite/ammonium nitrate application.
