This study undertook a comprehensive sedimentological and grain-size analysis of two previously uncharacterized volcanoclastic deposits exposed in the northwestern sector of Chihuahua City, Mexico. The primary objecti...This study undertook a comprehensive sedimentological and grain-size analysis of two previously uncharacterized volcanoclastic deposits exposed in the northwestern sector of Chihuahua City, Mexico. The primary objective was to propose a systematic genetic classification for these deposits, employing traditional sedimentological techniques and an advanced computerized granulometric analysis technique based on orthogonal images to discern their grain size distribution. Through these studies, evidence was sought to classify them genetically, presenting arguments to define them either as a lahar or a volcanic debris avalanche. Results were critically compared against existing literature data pertaining to lahars and debris avalanches, yielding moderate success. The analysis identified one of the deposits as a non-eruptive or post-eruptive lahar. This identification was substantiated by the delineation of distinct overbank and transition facies within the deposit, providing compelling evidence for its genetic classification.展开更多
Medical Geology can be defined as the branch of geology dealing with the relationship between natural geological aspects and health in organisms (humans and animals), trying to determine the influence of ordinary envi...Medical Geology can be defined as the branch of geology dealing with the relationship between natural geological aspects and health in organisms (humans and animals), trying to determine the influence of ordinary environmental factors on the geographical distribution of health issues. The main goals of this research were: 1) to evaluate the severity of dental fluorosis (DF) and fluoride concentration in groundwater, used for human consumption, as an indicator of overexposure to fluorides, 2) to estimate the Community Fluorosis Index (CFI) in the Julimes municipality in Chihuahua, Mexico. Nine water samples were collected in four locations in the Julimes area: Hacienda Humboldt, La Regina, Colonia San Jose, and Julimes. Samples were collected and stored in accordance with the Mexican standard (NOM-014-SSA1-1993). All the samples exceeded the maximum permissible limit established in the modified Mexican standard (NOM-127-SSA1-1994) of 1.5 mgL<sup>-1</sup> for fluoride in water for human consumption. Average concentrations of 2.74 mgL<sup>-1</sup> were found in Colonia San Jose, 2.19 mgL<sup>-1</sup> in La Regina, 2.17 mgL<sup>-1</sup> in Julimes and 2.06 mgL<sup>-1</sup> in Hacienda Humboldt. Dental Fluorosis diagnosis was evaluated using the Dean Index and the CFI applied to residents. A total of 100 inhabitants were examined, with interviews and oral examinations also carried out. Dental Fluorosis prevalence was 92% overall for the municipality, while for Colonia San Jose was of 100%, of 88.89% for Hacienda Humboldt, 88.24% for Julimes and 96% for La Regina. Dental Fluorosis’ severity for the Julimes municipality was distributed as follows: 2% normal, 6% questionable, 8% very mild, 13% mild, 19% moderate, and 52% severe. An average CFI was found for the four localities of 3.02 points, with a very notable impact on public health.展开更多
Slag is waste from pyrometallurgical processing, usually stored in stacks or warehouses around or near smelters. Slag research has focused on potential environmental problems associated with slag weathering or process...Slag is waste from pyrometallurgical processing, usually stored in stacks or warehouses around or near smelters. Slag research has focused on potential environmental problems associated with slag weathering or processing for secondary metal recovery and/or other uses (construction, landscaping, etc.). Located in northern Mexico, the city of Chihuahua has a mining history that dates back to the eighteenth century. A lead smelter located southeast of Chihuahua City;closed in 1997, leaving behind a large pile of slag. In this study, a chemical analysis of smelter slag was carried out. The tailings contain Zn (15 - 35 wt%), Pb (0.5 - 4 wt%), As (0.6 wt%), Sn (888 ppb) and Hg (170 ppb). XRD identified several minerals such as hardystonite (Ca<sub>2</sub>ZnSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>), melanotekite (), kentrolite () and sphalerite (ZnS) in the glass. Major elements are present in phases such as monticellite (CaMgSiO<sub>4</sub>), kirschsteinite (CaFe<sup>2+</sup>SiO<sub>4</sub>), hedenbergite (CaFe<sup>2+</sup>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>), babingtonite (Fe<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9</sub>), magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>), and calcite (CaCO<sub>3</sub>). Whether the goal is reuse, recycling or remediation, research into the properties of slag and its environmental and health impacts (on vulnerable exposed populations) should continue to be relevant.展开更多
Parking automation has been developed for locating available parking spaces inside a parking lot with new technologies, such as automatic collection, capacity, or empty spaces’ detection;to both reduce search time an...Parking automation has been developed for locating available parking spaces inside a parking lot with new technologies, such as automatic collection, capacity, or empty spaces’ detection;to both reduce search time and avoid crowds of vehicles waiting to park in it. A simple detection system of available spaces, within the Faculty and Staff parking lot of the Engineering and Chemistry Departments at the Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Mexico (UACH), was set up. First, an analysis of vehicle capacity was carried out to establish the peak hours of vehicles’ entrance</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and compar</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> it to the parking lots’ capacity. For one working week (6 days), it was determined that Tuesdays have the highest vehicle occupancy, and Saturdays are the days with the least traffic. Second, the geometric design of the parking lot (divided in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> two areas because of the terrain topography: upper and bottom levels), its dimensions and location of parking spots and marks on the pavement for traffic directions, were obtained from its blueprint, to visualize how the surveillance cameras can be oriented to cover the area. A detection system prototype was created for a specific area of the parking lot, using an artificial vision technique to perform the video extraction, while the digital image processing was developed in MATLAB. To complement and achieve the objective, Object-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Oriented Programming (OOP) was used to obtain the count analysis as well as the availability/occupancy of each of the parking areas. This information is shown </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">o</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n a web page, with a simple driver-friendly design, since it has each parking space number and its availability in blue with the word “Available” or, in the opposite case, the word “Taken” in pink.展开更多
文摘This study undertook a comprehensive sedimentological and grain-size analysis of two previously uncharacterized volcanoclastic deposits exposed in the northwestern sector of Chihuahua City, Mexico. The primary objective was to propose a systematic genetic classification for these deposits, employing traditional sedimentological techniques and an advanced computerized granulometric analysis technique based on orthogonal images to discern their grain size distribution. Through these studies, evidence was sought to classify them genetically, presenting arguments to define them either as a lahar or a volcanic debris avalanche. Results were critically compared against existing literature data pertaining to lahars and debris avalanches, yielding moderate success. The analysis identified one of the deposits as a non-eruptive or post-eruptive lahar. This identification was substantiated by the delineation of distinct overbank and transition facies within the deposit, providing compelling evidence for its genetic classification.
文摘Medical Geology can be defined as the branch of geology dealing with the relationship between natural geological aspects and health in organisms (humans and animals), trying to determine the influence of ordinary environmental factors on the geographical distribution of health issues. The main goals of this research were: 1) to evaluate the severity of dental fluorosis (DF) and fluoride concentration in groundwater, used for human consumption, as an indicator of overexposure to fluorides, 2) to estimate the Community Fluorosis Index (CFI) in the Julimes municipality in Chihuahua, Mexico. Nine water samples were collected in four locations in the Julimes area: Hacienda Humboldt, La Regina, Colonia San Jose, and Julimes. Samples were collected and stored in accordance with the Mexican standard (NOM-014-SSA1-1993). All the samples exceeded the maximum permissible limit established in the modified Mexican standard (NOM-127-SSA1-1994) of 1.5 mgL<sup>-1</sup> for fluoride in water for human consumption. Average concentrations of 2.74 mgL<sup>-1</sup> were found in Colonia San Jose, 2.19 mgL<sup>-1</sup> in La Regina, 2.17 mgL<sup>-1</sup> in Julimes and 2.06 mgL<sup>-1</sup> in Hacienda Humboldt. Dental Fluorosis diagnosis was evaluated using the Dean Index and the CFI applied to residents. A total of 100 inhabitants were examined, with interviews and oral examinations also carried out. Dental Fluorosis prevalence was 92% overall for the municipality, while for Colonia San Jose was of 100%, of 88.89% for Hacienda Humboldt, 88.24% for Julimes and 96% for La Regina. Dental Fluorosis’ severity for the Julimes municipality was distributed as follows: 2% normal, 6% questionable, 8% very mild, 13% mild, 19% moderate, and 52% severe. An average CFI was found for the four localities of 3.02 points, with a very notable impact on public health.
文摘Slag is waste from pyrometallurgical processing, usually stored in stacks or warehouses around or near smelters. Slag research has focused on potential environmental problems associated with slag weathering or processing for secondary metal recovery and/or other uses (construction, landscaping, etc.). Located in northern Mexico, the city of Chihuahua has a mining history that dates back to the eighteenth century. A lead smelter located southeast of Chihuahua City;closed in 1997, leaving behind a large pile of slag. In this study, a chemical analysis of smelter slag was carried out. The tailings contain Zn (15 - 35 wt%), Pb (0.5 - 4 wt%), As (0.6 wt%), Sn (888 ppb) and Hg (170 ppb). XRD identified several minerals such as hardystonite (Ca<sub>2</sub>ZnSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>), melanotekite (), kentrolite () and sphalerite (ZnS) in the glass. Major elements are present in phases such as monticellite (CaMgSiO<sub>4</sub>), kirschsteinite (CaFe<sup>2+</sup>SiO<sub>4</sub>), hedenbergite (CaFe<sup>2+</sup>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>), babingtonite (Fe<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9</sub>), magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>), and calcite (CaCO<sub>3</sub>). Whether the goal is reuse, recycling or remediation, research into the properties of slag and its environmental and health impacts (on vulnerable exposed populations) should continue to be relevant.
文摘Parking automation has been developed for locating available parking spaces inside a parking lot with new technologies, such as automatic collection, capacity, or empty spaces’ detection;to both reduce search time and avoid crowds of vehicles waiting to park in it. A simple detection system of available spaces, within the Faculty and Staff parking lot of the Engineering and Chemistry Departments at the Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Mexico (UACH), was set up. First, an analysis of vehicle capacity was carried out to establish the peak hours of vehicles’ entrance</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and compar</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> it to the parking lots’ capacity. For one working week (6 days), it was determined that Tuesdays have the highest vehicle occupancy, and Saturdays are the days with the least traffic. Second, the geometric design of the parking lot (divided in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> two areas because of the terrain topography: upper and bottom levels), its dimensions and location of parking spots and marks on the pavement for traffic directions, were obtained from its blueprint, to visualize how the surveillance cameras can be oriented to cover the area. A detection system prototype was created for a specific area of the parking lot, using an artificial vision technique to perform the video extraction, while the digital image processing was developed in MATLAB. To complement and achieve the objective, Object-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Oriented Programming (OOP) was used to obtain the count analysis as well as the availability/occupancy of each of the parking areas. This information is shown </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">o</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n a web page, with a simple driver-friendly design, since it has each parking space number and its availability in blue with the word “Available” or, in the opposite case, the word “Taken” in pink.
