A descriptive study on assessment of medicines cold chain storage conformity with World Health Organization (WHO) requirements in public health facilities was carried out in Dar es Salaam and Dodoma regions. Storage c...A descriptive study on assessment of medicines cold chain storage conformity with World Health Organization (WHO) requirements in public health facilities was carried out in Dar es Salaam and Dodoma regions. Storage conformity in selected health facilities was assessed by monitoring temperature using temperature data loggers mounted in the refrigerators for a period of 30 days. Results indicated almost half of the health facilities 48.5% visited, did not significantly (P = 0.031) comply with storage temperature (+2°C to +8°C) as per WHO requirement because all recorded Mean Kinetic temperature (MKT) > 8°C. In rural areas, 59.2% of visited health facilities adhered to the WHO recommended storage temperature while in urban areas only 31.6% complied. The study has established electricity failure in urban and lack of gas in rural areas coupled with absence of contingency plan as major challenges to WHO temperature conformity in storage of cold chain medicines in health facilities in Tanzania.展开更多
Near infrared spectroscopy offers advantages in the analysis of vegetable oils such as rapidity, relative cost-effectiveness, and usually no need for sample preparation. Virgin Sunflower oils were used as reference st...Near infrared spectroscopy offers advantages in the analysis of vegetable oils such as rapidity, relative cost-effectiveness, and usually no need for sample preparation. Virgin Sunflower oils were used as reference standards to develop spectra library for qualitative identification and validation of the method. This model was validated by correct classification method using positive and negative control samples. Various market samples of virgin sunflower oil were purchased and compared with spectra library. The results of spectral analysis of reference library and market samples were correlated using Mahalanobis distance method. Analysis involved 22 market samples. When these samples were matched against calibration samples, 4 samples out of 22 which are about 18.2% were not matched by the reference model. These market samples had Mahalanobis distance values between 4.2 and 6.7, which are greater than maximum permissible value of 3. Some of adulterants mentioned were Korie oil and pumpkin seeds oil.展开更多
The current study assessed preparedness among nurses about reporting adverse drug reactions in public and private hospitals. Nurses in hospitals are among health providers very close to patients and are involved in th...The current study assessed preparedness among nurses about reporting adverse drug reactions in public and private hospitals. Nurses in hospitals are among health providers very close to patients and are involved in the process of administering medications especially to inpatients. A cross sectional study was conducted among nurses in public and private hospitals in Dar es Salaam city in Tanzania to compare their preparedness on reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs). A total of 384 nurses were involved in this study, of which 50% were drawn from public hospitals and 50% from private hospitals. Majority of respondents (75.25%) in public and 84.73% in private hospitals said they have not received any training about reporting ADRs. Of the few trained nurses, 85.43% and 96.55%, in public and private hospitals, respectively, said they have been trained in a seminar only once, after they started working as nurses. Respondents in public (19.17%) and private (32.8%) hospitals reported to stock ADRS forms (Yellow cards). Less than 50% of respondents agreed to have access to reference materials such as a text books named “Good Dispensing Practice” and a “List of Registered Medicines”. Further results showed more than two third of all respondents in private (74.25%) and public (73.5%) hospitals reported that lack of training affects the process of reporting ADRs in terms of ability and tendency. In this study we found training, availability of Yellow cards and presence of a focal person are among important contributing factors to preparedness of reporting ADRs among nurses in public and private hospitals.展开更多
文摘A descriptive study on assessment of medicines cold chain storage conformity with World Health Organization (WHO) requirements in public health facilities was carried out in Dar es Salaam and Dodoma regions. Storage conformity in selected health facilities was assessed by monitoring temperature using temperature data loggers mounted in the refrigerators for a period of 30 days. Results indicated almost half of the health facilities 48.5% visited, did not significantly (P = 0.031) comply with storage temperature (+2°C to +8°C) as per WHO requirement because all recorded Mean Kinetic temperature (MKT) > 8°C. In rural areas, 59.2% of visited health facilities adhered to the WHO recommended storage temperature while in urban areas only 31.6% complied. The study has established electricity failure in urban and lack of gas in rural areas coupled with absence of contingency plan as major challenges to WHO temperature conformity in storage of cold chain medicines in health facilities in Tanzania.
文摘Near infrared spectroscopy offers advantages in the analysis of vegetable oils such as rapidity, relative cost-effectiveness, and usually no need for sample preparation. Virgin Sunflower oils were used as reference standards to develop spectra library for qualitative identification and validation of the method. This model was validated by correct classification method using positive and negative control samples. Various market samples of virgin sunflower oil were purchased and compared with spectra library. The results of spectral analysis of reference library and market samples were correlated using Mahalanobis distance method. Analysis involved 22 market samples. When these samples were matched against calibration samples, 4 samples out of 22 which are about 18.2% were not matched by the reference model. These market samples had Mahalanobis distance values between 4.2 and 6.7, which are greater than maximum permissible value of 3. Some of adulterants mentioned were Korie oil and pumpkin seeds oil.
文摘The current study assessed preparedness among nurses about reporting adverse drug reactions in public and private hospitals. Nurses in hospitals are among health providers very close to patients and are involved in the process of administering medications especially to inpatients. A cross sectional study was conducted among nurses in public and private hospitals in Dar es Salaam city in Tanzania to compare their preparedness on reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs). A total of 384 nurses were involved in this study, of which 50% were drawn from public hospitals and 50% from private hospitals. Majority of respondents (75.25%) in public and 84.73% in private hospitals said they have not received any training about reporting ADRs. Of the few trained nurses, 85.43% and 96.55%, in public and private hospitals, respectively, said they have been trained in a seminar only once, after they started working as nurses. Respondents in public (19.17%) and private (32.8%) hospitals reported to stock ADRS forms (Yellow cards). Less than 50% of respondents agreed to have access to reference materials such as a text books named “Good Dispensing Practice” and a “List of Registered Medicines”. Further results showed more than two third of all respondents in private (74.25%) and public (73.5%) hospitals reported that lack of training affects the process of reporting ADRs in terms of ability and tendency. In this study we found training, availability of Yellow cards and presence of a focal person are among important contributing factors to preparedness of reporting ADRs among nurses in public and private hospitals.
