Abiotic stresses including drought,salinity,heat,cold,flooding,and ultraviolet radiation causes crop losses worldwide.In recent times,preventing these crop losses and producing more food and feed to meet the demands o...Abiotic stresses including drought,salinity,heat,cold,flooding,and ultraviolet radiation causes crop losses worldwide.In recent times,preventing these crop losses and producing more food and feed to meet the demands of ever-increasing human populations have gained unprecedented importance.However,the proportion of agricultural lands facing multiple abiotic stresses is expected only to rise under a changing global climate fueled by anthropogenic activities.Identifying the mechanisms developed and deployed by plants to counteract abiotic stresses and maintain their growth and survival under harsh conditions thus holds great significance.Recent investigations have shown that phytohormones,including the classical auxins,cytokinins,ethylene,and gibberellins,and newer members including brassinosteroids,jasmonates,and strigolactones may prove to be important metabolic engineering targets for producing abiotic stress-tolerant crop plants.In this review,we summarize and critically assess the roles that phytohormones play in plant growth and development and abiotic stress tolerance,besides their engineering for conferring abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic crops.We also describe recent successes in identifying the roles of phytohormones under stressful conditions.We conclude by describing the recent progress and future prospects including limitations and challenges of phytohormone engineering for inducing abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants.展开更多
Rumex nepalensis Spreng.(Polygonaceae) commonly known as Nepal Dock has wide-spectrum therapeutic potencies and is extensively used for centuries in traditional medicine systems. The leaves of this plant are edible an...Rumex nepalensis Spreng.(Polygonaceae) commonly known as Nepal Dock has wide-spectrum therapeutic potencies and is extensively used for centuries in traditional medicine systems. The leaves of this plant are edible and a rich source of natural antioxidants. They act as a possible food supplement and are largely used in pharmaceutical industry. Extracts and metabolites from this plant exhibits pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, purgative, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-algal, central nervous system depressant, genotoxic, wound healing and skeletal muscle relaxant activity. Due to its remarkable biological activities, it has the potential to act as a rich source of drug against life threatening diseases. However, more studies are needed to scientifically validate the traditional uses of this plant, beside isolating and identifying their active principles and characterizing the mechanisms of action. We present herein a critical account of its botany, ecology, traditional uses, phytoconstituent profile and major pharmacological activities reported in recent years and therefore will provide a source of information on this plant for further studies.展开更多
In many civil engineering projects,Piled Raft Foundations(PRFs)are usually preferred where the incoming load fromthe superstructures is very high.In geotechnical engineering practice,the settlement of soil layers is a...In many civil engineering projects,Piled Raft Foundations(PRFs)are usually preferred where the incoming load fromthe superstructures is very high.In geotechnical engineering practice,the settlement of soil layers is a critical issue for the serviceability of the structures.Thus,assessment of risk associated with the structures corresponding to the maximum allowable settlement of soils needs to be carried out in the design phase.In this study,reliability analysis of PRF based on settlement criteria is performed using a high-performance hybrid soft computing model.The new approach is an integration of the artificial neural network(ANN)and a recently developed meta-heuristic algorithm called equilibrium optimizer(EO).The concept of reliability index was used to explore the feasibility of a newly constructed hybrid model of ANN and EO(i.e.,ANN-EO)against the conventional approach of calculating the probability of failure of PRF.Experimental results show that the proposed ANN-EO attained the most accurate prediction with R^(2)=0.9914 and RMSE=0.0518 in the testing phase,which are significantly better than those obtained from conventional ANN,multivariate adaptive regression splines,and genetic programming,including the ANNoptimized with particle swarmoptimization developed in this study.Based on the experimental results of different settlement values,the newly constructedANN-EOis very potential to analyze the risk associatedwith civil engineering structures.Also,the present study would significantly contribute to the knowledge pool of reliability studies related to piled raft systems because the works of literature on reliability analysis of piled raft systems are relatively scarce.展开更多
Objective: The aim of our study was to compare the results of tubularized plate urethroplasty with interposing healthy tissue spongioplasty alone and spongioplasty with dorsal dartos flap to assess the role of dartos ...Objective: The aim of our study was to compare the results of tubularized plate urethroplasty with interposing healthy tissue spongioplasty alone and spongioplasty with dorsal dartos flap to assess the role of dartos flap in prevention of fistulae. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 80 patients, aged 4 months to 27 years who underwent hypospadias repair using the Snodgrass technique. The patients were assigned to two groups. In group I (40 patients) the neourethra was covered with spongioplasty only, and in group II (40 patients) the neourethra was covered with spongioplasty plus dartos flap. Integrity of the urethral plate was maintained in all the cases. The ventral curvature & torsion was corrected by penile de-gloving, mobilization of the urethral plate and spongiosum and mobilization of the proximal urethra if needed. The results were analysed in view of complication rates. The average period of hospital stay was 7 days & follow-up varied from 8 months to 28 months with a mean of 14 months. Results: In group I, hypospadias were distal penile in 31 (77.5%), mid-penile in 4 (10%) and proximal/peno-scrotal in 5 (12.5%) patients. In group II, hypospadias were distal penile in 17 (42.5%), mid penile in 9 (22.5%) and proximal/peno-scrotal in 14 (35%) patients. Sixty five percent in group I and 80% in group II had ventral curvature but the difference was not statistically significant. Good functional results were achieved in 97.5% patients in group I and in 95% patients in group II?which were statistically similar (p value—0.585). Urethral fistula was encountered in 2.5% in group I & in 2 cases (5%) in group II. Meatal stenosis was noted in 7.5% each in both groups, which responded to urethral dilatation. One patient in group II had complete disruption.?There was no statistically significant difference in early and late complications in both groups (p value—0.812). Conclusions:?Spongioplasty with healthy spongiosal tissue is strong enough and is?effective waterproofing?as an interposition layer. However, more prospective studies in different hands are needed to omit the step of dorsal dartos interposition.展开更多
With the growth of digital media data manipulation in today’s era due to the availability of readily handy tampering software,the authenticity of records is at high risk,especially in video.There is a dire need to de...With the growth of digital media data manipulation in today’s era due to the availability of readily handy tampering software,the authenticity of records is at high risk,especially in video.There is a dire need to detect such problem and do the necessary actions.In this work,we propose an approach to detect the interframe video forgery utilizing the deep features obtained from the parallel deep neural network model and thorough analytical computations.The proposed approach only uses the deep features extracted from the CNN model and then applies the conventional mathematical approach to these features to find the forgery in the video.This work calculates the correlation coefficient from the deep features of the adjacent frames rather than calculating directly from the frames.We divide the procedure of forgery detection into two phases–video forgery detection and video forgery classification.In video forgery detection,this approach detect input video is original or tampered.If the video is not original,then the video is checked in the next phase,which is video forgery classification.In the video forgery classification,method review the forged video for insertion forgery,deletion forgery,and also again check for originality.The proposed work is generalized and it is tested on two different datasets.The experimental results of our proposed model show that our approach can detect the forgery with the accuracy of 91%on VIFFD dataset,90%in TDTV dataset and classify the type of forgery–insertion and deletion with the accuracy of 82%on VIFFD dataset,86%on TDTV dataset.This work can helps in the analysis of original and tempered video in various domain.展开更多
Lithiumization of the vacuum vessel wall of the Aditya tokamak using a lithium rod exposed to glow discharge cleaning plasma has been done to understand its effect on plasma performance. After the Li-coating, an incre...Lithiumization of the vacuum vessel wall of the Aditya tokamak using a lithium rod exposed to glow discharge cleaning plasma has been done to understand its effect on plasma performance. After the Li-coating, an increment of ~100 eV in plasma electron temperature has been observed in most of the discharges compared to discharges without Li coating, and the shot reproducibility is considerably improved. Detailed studies of impurity behaviour and hydrogen recycling are made in the Li coated discharges by observing spectral lines of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen in the visible region using optical fiber, an interference filter, and PMT based systems. A large reduction in O I signal （up to ~40% to 50%） and a 20% to 30% decrease of Ha signal indicate significant reduction of wall recycling. Furthermore, VUV emissions from O V and Fe XV monitored by a grazing incidence monochromator also show the reduction. Lower Fe XV emission indicates the declined impurity penetration to the core plasma in the Li coated discharges. Significant increase of the particle and energy confinement times and the reduction of Zeff of the plasma certainly indicate the improved plasma parameters in the Aditya tokamak after lithium wall conditioning.展开更多
In the non-conventional media like underwater and underground,the Radio Frequency(RF)communication technique does not perform well due to large antenna size requirement and high path loss.In such media,magnetic induct...In the non-conventional media like underwater and underground,the Radio Frequency(RF)communication technique does not perform well due to large antenna size requirement and high path loss.In such media,magnetic induction(MI)communication technique is very promising due to small coil size and constant channel behavior.Unlike the RF technique,the communication range in MI technique is relatively less.To enhance this range,a waveguide technique is already brought in practice.This technique employs single layer coils to enhance the performance of MI waveguide.To further enhance the system functioning,in this paper,we investigated the performance of multi-layer coil(MLC)antenna based MI waveguide communication system in terms of transmission range,path loss,bit error rate(BER)and bandwidth.Besides,the system performance is quantitatively evaluated in three different non-conventional media viz.,dry soil,fresh water and wet soil.As compared with the single layer counterpart,the MLC system shows a significant improvement in transmission range,BER even in loosely coupled scenarios and shows a corresponding reduction in path loss.However,the bandwidth is observed to be low(<1 KHz).In this analysis,the eddy current effects and parasitic capacitance are compared for single and multilayer coils.It is observed that the proposed system performs better in dry soil medium due to less medium conductivity.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Carcinoid of the gallbladder is rare.Since it often presents as a gallbladder mass it may be confused with gallbladder carcinoma. METHODS:A 35-year-old lady presented with pain in the right upper abdomen,an...BACKGROUND:Carcinoid of the gallbladder is rare.Since it often presents as a gallbladder mass it may be confused with gallbladder carcinoma. METHODS:A 35-year-old lady presented with pain in the right upper abdomen,and was radiologically found to have a gallbladder mass.A provisional diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma was made.Laparotomy revealed a 20×20 cm, exophytic,friable growth arising from the fundus of the gallbladder.It was excised with segmentⅣb andⅤof the liver and regional lymphadenectomy. RESULT:Histopathological examination revealed it was a neuroendocrine carcinoma,atypical carcinoid of the gallbladder. CONCLUSION:Gallbladder carcinoid has a poor outcome, requires aggressive treatment,and should be considered as one of the rare but possible gallbladder lesions.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Tuberculosis rarely involves the liver and spleen and when it does so,it is usually associated with disseminated disease. METHOD:We report a patient with isolated tuberculosis of the liver and spleen. RESUL...BACKGROUND:Tuberculosis rarely involves the liver and spleen and when it does so,it is usually associated with disseminated disease. METHOD:We report a patient with isolated tuberculosis of the liver and spleen. RESULTS:A 50-year-old man presented with weakness and loss of weight for two months.CT scan of the abdomen showed multiple small hypodense lesions in the liver and spleen.Image-guided biopsy of liver lesion was inconclusive as it showed normal hepatocytes with interspersed lymphocytes.On laparotomy,the liver and spleen were studded with multiple small nodules.A 5-cm wedge of the liver was resected.Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of tubercular hepatitis.A detailed work-up failed to identify any other focus of tuberculosis. CONCLUSION:Although rare,tuberculosis should also be considered in the differential diagnosis for multiple nodules in the liver and spleen,along with lymphoproliferative diseases and metastatic lesions.展开更多
查尔斯·马丁·霍尔(Charles Martin Hall)是著名的发明家、冶金学家、慈善家和现代铝工业的创立者,1863年12月6日出生于美国俄亥俄州的汤普森。父亲是位耶稣教牧师。1873年,他全家迁到了俄亥俄州的奥柏林。幼小时候,查尔斯就...查尔斯·马丁·霍尔(Charles Martin Hall)是著名的发明家、冶金学家、慈善家和现代铝工业的创立者,1863年12月6日出生于美国俄亥俄州的汤普森。父亲是位耶稣教牧师。1873年,他全家迁到了俄亥俄州的奥柏林。幼小时候,查尔斯就开始了广泛阅读,并完成了小学学业。在幼年时代,姐姐朱莉娅(Julia)是他最亲密的伙伴和知己,甚至在他后来的生涯中继续发挥着重要作用。据报道,查尔斯和朱莉娅姐弟俩毕生都过着独身生活。年轻的查尔斯对化学很感兴趣,到他六岁的时候。展开更多
Mature seeds of Helicteres isora L.were collected from seven geographical locations of Maharashtra and Goa(India)and evaluated for diosgenin(a bioactive steroidal sapogenin of prime importance)extraction and quantific...Mature seeds of Helicteres isora L.were collected from seven geographical locations of Maharashtra and Goa(India)and evaluated for diosgenin(a bioactive steroidal sapogenin of prime importance)extraction and quantification.Chemotypic variations were evidenced with diosgenin quantity ranging from 33 lg g^(-1)seeds(Osmanabad forests)to 138 lg g^(-1)(Khopoli region).Nodal and leaf explants from in vitro-raised seedlings were used for callus and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation,respectively.Compact,hard,whitish-green callus(2.65 g explant-1)was obtained on MS?13.32 lM BAP?2.32 lM Kin after 30 days of inoculation.Various parameters including types of explant and Agrobacterium strain,culture density,duration of infection and various medium compositions were optimized for hairy root production.A.rhizogenes strain ATCC-15834 successfully induced hairy roots from leaf explants(1 cm2)with 42%efficiency.Transgenic status of the roots was confirmed by PCR using rolB and VirD specific primers.Hairy roots showed an ability to synthesize diosgenin.Diosgenin yield was increased*8 times in hairy roots and*5 times in callus than the seeds of wild plants.Enhanced diosgenin content was associated with proline accumulation in hairy roots.This is the first report on induction of hairy roots in H.isora.展开更多
In this manuscript, the existence of periodic orbits of collision of the first kind has been discussed on the model of Autonomous Four-body Problem by the method of analytic continuation given by Giacaglia [1] and Bha...In this manuscript, the existence of periodic orbits of collision of the first kind has been discussed on the model of Autonomous Four-body Problem by the method of analytic continuation given by Giacaglia [1] and Bhatnagar [2] [3]. For the existence of periodic orbits, Duboshin’s criterion [4] has been satisfied and it has been confirmed by analyzing the Poincare surfaces of section (PSS) [5]. Also it has been shown that the case of collision given by Levi-Civita [6] [7] is conserved by the method analytic continuation. In all sections of this manuscript, equilateral triangular configuration given by Ceccaroni and Biggs [8] has been considered. In this model, third primary of L4 inferior mass (in comparison of the other primaries) is placed at the equilibrium point of the R3BP.展开更多
A method of time-frequency analysis (TFA) based on wavelets is applied to study the phase space structure of three-dimensional asymmetric triaxial galaxy enclosed by spherical dark halo component. The investigation is...A method of time-frequency analysis (TFA) based on wavelets is applied to study the phase space structure of three-dimensional asymmetric triaxial galaxy enclosed by spherical dark halo component. The investigation is carried out in the presence and absence of dark halo component. Time-frequency analysis is based on the extraction of instantaneous frequency from the phase of the continuous wavelet transform. This method is comparatively fast and reliable. This method can differentiate periodic from quasi-periodic, chaotic sticky from chaotic non-sticky, ordered from chaotic and also, it can accurately determine the time interval of the resonance trapping and transitions too. Apart from that, the phenomenon of transient chaos can be explained with the help of time-frequency analysis. Comparison with the method of total angular momentum (denoted as Ltot) proposed recently is also presented.展开更多
The extraction of chromium(III) from a model waste solution and also from a waste solution of an Indian tannery with Amberlite IR 120 resin is described, and the performance of this resin is compared with other simila...The extraction of chromium(III) from a model waste solution and also from a waste solution of an Indian tannery with Amberlite IR 120 resin is described, and the performance of this resin is compared with other similar resins. The parameters that were optimized include effect of mixing time, pH, loading and elution behaviours of chromium(III) for this resin. Sorption of chromium(III) on Amberlite IR 120 followed Freundlich isotherm and Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum sorption capacity was determined to be 142.86 mg Cr(III)/g of the resin. Higher Freundlich constant (Kf) values (6.30 and 13.46 for aqueous feed of 500 and 1000 ppm Cr(III)) indicated strong chemical interaction through ion exchange mechanism of the metal ion with the resin. The kinetic data showed good fit to the Lagergren first order model for extraction of chromium(III). Desorption of chromium(III) from the loaded resin increased with the increase in concentration of eluent (5-20% H2SO4). With 20% (v/v) sulphuric acid solution 94% chromium(III) was eluted in three stages. Elution of the Cr(III) in the column experiments was however, found to be lower (82%) than that of the shake flask data. In case of Indian tannery’s waste solution, it was observed that almost total chromium was extracted in four stages with Amberlite IR 120.展开更多
Several recent works indicated the association of climatic factors and air pollution with the spread of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19, total daily confirmed deaths and new cases). Nonetheless, the impact of clima...Several recent works indicated the association of climatic factors and air pollution with the spread of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19, total daily confirmed deaths and new cases). Nonetheless, the impact of climatic and environmental conditions concerning virus spread and demise, yet not been solved. Present research work focuses on the spread of COVID-19 over five distinct states/territories of India;those have pretty different climatic conditions and the air quality index. The Kendall rank correlation and Spearman rank correlation tests at 95% significance were used from 3 Jan-15 May 15, 2021 (132 days), including April 2021, a month of sharp rise COVID-19 second wave. For all the regions, a significant positive correlation of temperature (>0.6) and a significant negative correlation of humidity (<-0.5) is found with COVID-19 except for Kerala (insignificant and weak relationship). However, in the case of wind speed, a lower correlation is found everywhere except over Andhra Pradesh (>0.5). For all the states, a significant and consistent inverse relationship (<-0.3) is found between COVID-19 and the daily Air Quality Index (AQI) from 1 Mar to 13 May 2021 (74 days). Thus, increase in temperature and winds, decrease in relative humidity were the climatic reasons, those chipped in COVID-19 cases surge and consequential enhancement of Air quality. These results are quite promising to comprehend the mutual tie-up between climate and COVID-19.展开更多
Transmission of electromagnetic waves through a Si-based one dimensional photonic crystal has been investigated. The proposed structure works as an omni-directional reflector for a certain range of wavelength for an a...Transmission of electromagnetic waves through a Si-based one dimensional photonic crystal has been investigated. The proposed structure works as an omni-directional reflector for a certain range of wavelength for an angle of incidence up to 55?. The structure works as a narrow band TM-polarization filter for an angle of incidence more than 55?, i.e. a filter which completely blocks TE-polarized waves but allows certain wavelengths of TM-polarized waves. But at an angle of incidence of 89?, the structure works as a multiple narrow band TM-polarization filter even though no defect layer is introduced inside the structure. It is also found that this multiple narrow pass-bands of TM-polarized waves can be tuned to a desired range of wavelength by changing the temperature of the structure.展开更多
Highly pure red phosphors LiM(PO_(3))_(3):Eu^(3+)(M=Sr,Ca) doped with Eu^(3+)(1 mol%) were synthesized via solution combustion method and their crystal structure and luminescence dynamics were studied to explore its s...Highly pure red phosphors LiM(PO_(3))_(3):Eu^(3+)(M=Sr,Ca) doped with Eu^(3+)(1 mol%) were synthesized via solution combustion method and their crystal structure and luminescence dynamics were studied to explore its suitability in white light emitting diodes.The Rietveld refinement analysis of the powder Xray diffraction patterns reveals that the phosphors belong to the pure triclinic phase of LiSr(PO_(3))_(3) and LiCa(PO_(3)) with space group P-1(2).The scanning electron microscopy images showed the agglomerated morphology.The photoluminescence emission spectra under 393 nm show an orange band at 594 nm and a red band at 613 nm ascribed to ^(5)D_(0)→^(7)F_(1).^(5)D_(0)→^(7)F_(2) transitions of Eu^(3+)ion in both the phosphors.Moreover,the spectroscopic properties such as luminescence behaviour,and Stark splitting were used to examine the symmetry of Eu^(3+)ions in LiM(PO_(3))_(3):Es^(3+)(M=Sr,Ca) phosphors in terms of distortion induced upon doping.The Stark splitting shows that the actual site symmetry for Eu^(3+)ion was estimated to be D_(2) type for both phosphors.The photometric properties of LiCa(PO_(3))_(3):Eu^(3+)such as Commission International de l'Eclairage coordinates(x=0.64,y=0.36) near to the standard one(red),high color purity(95%) and higher brightness reveal that the phosphor has the capability of acting as a red component in n-UV white light emitting diodes.展开更多
A series of Er^(3+)ions doped lithium lead alumino borate(LiPbAlB)glasses were synthesized via melt quench method and their structural,physical and optical properties were studied.Judd-Ofelt theory in correlation with...A series of Er^(3+)ions doped lithium lead alumino borate(LiPbAlB)glasses were synthesized via melt quench method and their structural,physical and optical properties were studied.Judd-Ofelt theory in correlation with the emission and absorption profiles was performed for the measurement of various radiative parameters for different transitions of Er^(3+)doped glasses.The as-prepared glasses show deep green(550 nm)as well as NIR(1532 nm)emission at 380 and 980 nm excitation wavelengths,respectively.The intensity of emission spectra increases with Er^(3+)ions concentration up to 1.5 mol%and beyond quenching is observed.The Dexter theory applied to the emission profiles reveals the interaction between Er^(3+)ions as dipole-dipole in nature.CIE color coordinates are found to fall in the green region of the visible spectrum.It is observed that 1.5 mol%of Er^(3+)ions concentration is optimum to exhibit the maximum quantum efficiency,branching ratios,gain bandwidth,emission cross-section,gain crosssection and aptly suitable for visible and NIR photonic applications.展开更多
The genetic code,once believed to be universal and immutable,is now known to contain many variations and is not quite universal.The basis for genome recoding strategy is genetic code variation that can be harnessed to...The genetic code,once believed to be universal and immutable,is now known to contain many variations and is not quite universal.The basis for genome recoding strategy is genetic code variation that can be harnessed to improve cellular properties.Thus,genome recoding is a promising strategy for the enhancement of genome flexibility,allowing for novel functions that are not commonly documented in the organism in its natural environment.Here,the basic concept of genetic code and associated mechanisms for the generation of genetic codon variants,including biased codon usage,codon reassignment,and ambiguous decoding,are extensively discussed.Knowledge of the concept of natural genetic code expansion is also detailed.The generation of recoded organisms and associated mechanisms with basic targeting components,including aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase–tRNA pairs,elongation factor EF-Tu and ribosomes,are highlighted for a comprehensive understanding of this concept.The research associated with the generation of diverse recoded organisms is also discussed.The success of genome recoding in diverse multicellular organisms offers a platform for expanding protein chemistry at the biochemical level with non-canonical amino acids,genetically isolating the synthetic organisms from the natural ones,and fighting viruses,including SARS-CoV2,through the creation of attenuated viruses.In conclusion,genome recoding can offer diverse applications for improving cellular properties in the genome-recoded organisms.展开更多
文摘Abiotic stresses including drought,salinity,heat,cold,flooding,and ultraviolet radiation causes crop losses worldwide.In recent times,preventing these crop losses and producing more food and feed to meet the demands of ever-increasing human populations have gained unprecedented importance.However,the proportion of agricultural lands facing multiple abiotic stresses is expected only to rise under a changing global climate fueled by anthropogenic activities.Identifying the mechanisms developed and deployed by plants to counteract abiotic stresses and maintain their growth and survival under harsh conditions thus holds great significance.Recent investigations have shown that phytohormones,including the classical auxins,cytokinins,ethylene,and gibberellins,and newer members including brassinosteroids,jasmonates,and strigolactones may prove to be important metabolic engineering targets for producing abiotic stress-tolerant crop plants.In this review,we summarize and critically assess the roles that phytohormones play in plant growth and development and abiotic stress tolerance,besides their engineering for conferring abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic crops.We also describe recent successes in identifying the roles of phytohormones under stressful conditions.We conclude by describing the recent progress and future prospects including limitations and challenges of phytohormone engineering for inducing abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants.
基金supported by the VK’s lab from Savitribai Phule Pune University in the form of Research Grant(No.:OSD/BCUD/392/132)
文摘Rumex nepalensis Spreng.(Polygonaceae) commonly known as Nepal Dock has wide-spectrum therapeutic potencies and is extensively used for centuries in traditional medicine systems. The leaves of this plant are edible and a rich source of natural antioxidants. They act as a possible food supplement and are largely used in pharmaceutical industry. Extracts and metabolites from this plant exhibits pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, purgative, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-algal, central nervous system depressant, genotoxic, wound healing and skeletal muscle relaxant activity. Due to its remarkable biological activities, it has the potential to act as a rich source of drug against life threatening diseases. However, more studies are needed to scientifically validate the traditional uses of this plant, beside isolating and identifying their active principles and characterizing the mechanisms of action. We present herein a critical account of its botany, ecology, traditional uses, phytoconstituent profile and major pharmacological activities reported in recent years and therefore will provide a source of information on this plant for further studies.
文摘In many civil engineering projects,Piled Raft Foundations(PRFs)are usually preferred where the incoming load fromthe superstructures is very high.In geotechnical engineering practice,the settlement of soil layers is a critical issue for the serviceability of the structures.Thus,assessment of risk associated with the structures corresponding to the maximum allowable settlement of soils needs to be carried out in the design phase.In this study,reliability analysis of PRF based on settlement criteria is performed using a high-performance hybrid soft computing model.The new approach is an integration of the artificial neural network(ANN)and a recently developed meta-heuristic algorithm called equilibrium optimizer(EO).The concept of reliability index was used to explore the feasibility of a newly constructed hybrid model of ANN and EO(i.e.,ANN-EO)against the conventional approach of calculating the probability of failure of PRF.Experimental results show that the proposed ANN-EO attained the most accurate prediction with R^(2)=0.9914 and RMSE=0.0518 in the testing phase,which are significantly better than those obtained from conventional ANN,multivariate adaptive regression splines,and genetic programming,including the ANNoptimized with particle swarmoptimization developed in this study.Based on the experimental results of different settlement values,the newly constructedANN-EOis very potential to analyze the risk associatedwith civil engineering structures.Also,the present study would significantly contribute to the knowledge pool of reliability studies related to piled raft systems because the works of literature on reliability analysis of piled raft systems are relatively scarce.
文摘Objective: The aim of our study was to compare the results of tubularized plate urethroplasty with interposing healthy tissue spongioplasty alone and spongioplasty with dorsal dartos flap to assess the role of dartos flap in prevention of fistulae. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 80 patients, aged 4 months to 27 years who underwent hypospadias repair using the Snodgrass technique. The patients were assigned to two groups. In group I (40 patients) the neourethra was covered with spongioplasty only, and in group II (40 patients) the neourethra was covered with spongioplasty plus dartos flap. Integrity of the urethral plate was maintained in all the cases. The ventral curvature & torsion was corrected by penile de-gloving, mobilization of the urethral plate and spongiosum and mobilization of the proximal urethra if needed. The results were analysed in view of complication rates. The average period of hospital stay was 7 days & follow-up varied from 8 months to 28 months with a mean of 14 months. Results: In group I, hypospadias were distal penile in 31 (77.5%), mid-penile in 4 (10%) and proximal/peno-scrotal in 5 (12.5%) patients. In group II, hypospadias were distal penile in 17 (42.5%), mid penile in 9 (22.5%) and proximal/peno-scrotal in 14 (35%) patients. Sixty five percent in group I and 80% in group II had ventral curvature but the difference was not statistically significant. Good functional results were achieved in 97.5% patients in group I and in 95% patients in group II?which were statistically similar (p value—0.585). Urethral fistula was encountered in 2.5% in group I & in 2 cases (5%) in group II. Meatal stenosis was noted in 7.5% each in both groups, which responded to urethral dilatation. One patient in group II had complete disruption.?There was no statistically significant difference in early and late complications in both groups (p value—0.812). Conclusions:?Spongioplasty with healthy spongiosal tissue is strong enough and is?effective waterproofing?as an interposition layer. However, more prospective studies in different hands are needed to omit the step of dorsal dartos interposition.
文摘With the growth of digital media data manipulation in today’s era due to the availability of readily handy tampering software,the authenticity of records is at high risk,especially in video.There is a dire need to detect such problem and do the necessary actions.In this work,we propose an approach to detect the interframe video forgery utilizing the deep features obtained from the parallel deep neural network model and thorough analytical computations.The proposed approach only uses the deep features extracted from the CNN model and then applies the conventional mathematical approach to these features to find the forgery in the video.This work calculates the correlation coefficient from the deep features of the adjacent frames rather than calculating directly from the frames.We divide the procedure of forgery detection into two phases–video forgery detection and video forgery classification.In video forgery detection,this approach detect input video is original or tampered.If the video is not original,then the video is checked in the next phase,which is video forgery classification.In the video forgery classification,method review the forged video for insertion forgery,deletion forgery,and also again check for originality.The proposed work is generalized and it is tested on two different datasets.The experimental results of our proposed model show that our approach can detect the forgery with the accuracy of 91%on VIFFD dataset,90%in TDTV dataset and classify the type of forgery–insertion and deletion with the accuracy of 82%on VIFFD dataset,86%on TDTV dataset.This work can helps in the analysis of original and tempered video in various domain.
文摘Lithiumization of the vacuum vessel wall of the Aditya tokamak using a lithium rod exposed to glow discharge cleaning plasma has been done to understand its effect on plasma performance. After the Li-coating, an increment of ~100 eV in plasma electron temperature has been observed in most of the discharges compared to discharges without Li coating, and the shot reproducibility is considerably improved. Detailed studies of impurity behaviour and hydrogen recycling are made in the Li coated discharges by observing spectral lines of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen in the visible region using optical fiber, an interference filter, and PMT based systems. A large reduction in O I signal （up to ~40% to 50%） and a 20% to 30% decrease of Ha signal indicate significant reduction of wall recycling. Furthermore, VUV emissions from O V and Fe XV monitored by a grazing incidence monochromator also show the reduction. Lower Fe XV emission indicates the declined impurity penetration to the core plasma in the Li coated discharges. Significant increase of the particle and energy confinement times and the reduction of Zeff of the plasma certainly indicate the improved plasma parameters in the Aditya tokamak after lithium wall conditioning.
文摘In the non-conventional media like underwater and underground,the Radio Frequency(RF)communication technique does not perform well due to large antenna size requirement and high path loss.In such media,magnetic induction(MI)communication technique is very promising due to small coil size and constant channel behavior.Unlike the RF technique,the communication range in MI technique is relatively less.To enhance this range,a waveguide technique is already brought in practice.This technique employs single layer coils to enhance the performance of MI waveguide.To further enhance the system functioning,in this paper,we investigated the performance of multi-layer coil(MLC)antenna based MI waveguide communication system in terms of transmission range,path loss,bit error rate(BER)and bandwidth.Besides,the system performance is quantitatively evaluated in three different non-conventional media viz.,dry soil,fresh water and wet soil.As compared with the single layer counterpart,the MLC system shows a significant improvement in transmission range,BER even in loosely coupled scenarios and shows a corresponding reduction in path loss.However,the bandwidth is observed to be low(<1 KHz).In this analysis,the eddy current effects and parasitic capacitance are compared for single and multilayer coils.It is observed that the proposed system performs better in dry soil medium due to less medium conductivity.
文摘BACKGROUND:Carcinoid of the gallbladder is rare.Since it often presents as a gallbladder mass it may be confused with gallbladder carcinoma. METHODS:A 35-year-old lady presented with pain in the right upper abdomen,and was radiologically found to have a gallbladder mass.A provisional diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma was made.Laparotomy revealed a 20×20 cm, exophytic,friable growth arising from the fundus of the gallbladder.It was excised with segmentⅣb andⅤof the liver and regional lymphadenectomy. RESULT:Histopathological examination revealed it was a neuroendocrine carcinoma,atypical carcinoid of the gallbladder. CONCLUSION:Gallbladder carcinoid has a poor outcome, requires aggressive treatment,and should be considered as one of the rare but possible gallbladder lesions.
文摘BACKGROUND:Tuberculosis rarely involves the liver and spleen and when it does so,it is usually associated with disseminated disease. METHOD:We report a patient with isolated tuberculosis of the liver and spleen. RESULTS:A 50-year-old man presented with weakness and loss of weight for two months.CT scan of the abdomen showed multiple small hypodense lesions in the liver and spleen.Image-guided biopsy of liver lesion was inconclusive as it showed normal hepatocytes with interspersed lymphocytes.On laparotomy,the liver and spleen were studded with multiple small nodules.A 5-cm wedge of the liver was resected.Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of tubercular hepatitis.A detailed work-up failed to identify any other focus of tuberculosis. CONCLUSION:Although rare,tuberculosis should also be considered in the differential diagnosis for multiple nodules in the liver and spleen,along with lymphoproliferative diseases and metastatic lesions.
文摘查尔斯·马丁·霍尔(Charles Martin Hall)是著名的发明家、冶金学家、慈善家和现代铝工业的创立者,1863年12月6日出生于美国俄亥俄州的汤普森。父亲是位耶稣教牧师。1873年,他全家迁到了俄亥俄州的奥柏林。幼小时候,查尔斯就开始了广泛阅读,并完成了小学学业。在幼年时代,姐姐朱莉娅(Julia)是他最亲密的伙伴和知己,甚至在他后来的生涯中继续发挥着重要作用。据报道,查尔斯和朱莉娅姐弟俩毕生都过着独身生活。年轻的查尔斯对化学很感兴趣,到他六岁的时候。
基金a grant from University Grants Commission,New Delhi in the form a major research project[F.No.41-521/2012(SR)]。
文摘Mature seeds of Helicteres isora L.were collected from seven geographical locations of Maharashtra and Goa(India)and evaluated for diosgenin(a bioactive steroidal sapogenin of prime importance)extraction and quantification.Chemotypic variations were evidenced with diosgenin quantity ranging from 33 lg g^(-1)seeds(Osmanabad forests)to 138 lg g^(-1)(Khopoli region).Nodal and leaf explants from in vitro-raised seedlings were used for callus and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation,respectively.Compact,hard,whitish-green callus(2.65 g explant-1)was obtained on MS?13.32 lM BAP?2.32 lM Kin after 30 days of inoculation.Various parameters including types of explant and Agrobacterium strain,culture density,duration of infection and various medium compositions were optimized for hairy root production.A.rhizogenes strain ATCC-15834 successfully induced hairy roots from leaf explants(1 cm2)with 42%efficiency.Transgenic status of the roots was confirmed by PCR using rolB and VirD specific primers.Hairy roots showed an ability to synthesize diosgenin.Diosgenin yield was increased*8 times in hairy roots and*5 times in callus than the seeds of wild plants.Enhanced diosgenin content was associated with proline accumulation in hairy roots.This is the first report on induction of hairy roots in H.isora.
文摘In this manuscript, the existence of periodic orbits of collision of the first kind has been discussed on the model of Autonomous Four-body Problem by the method of analytic continuation given by Giacaglia [1] and Bhatnagar [2] [3]. For the existence of periodic orbits, Duboshin’s criterion [4] has been satisfied and it has been confirmed by analyzing the Poincare surfaces of section (PSS) [5]. Also it has been shown that the case of collision given by Levi-Civita [6] [7] is conserved by the method analytic continuation. In all sections of this manuscript, equilateral triangular configuration given by Ceccaroni and Biggs [8] has been considered. In this model, third primary of L4 inferior mass (in comparison of the other primaries) is placed at the equilibrium point of the R3BP.
文摘A method of time-frequency analysis (TFA) based on wavelets is applied to study the phase space structure of three-dimensional asymmetric triaxial galaxy enclosed by spherical dark halo component. The investigation is carried out in the presence and absence of dark halo component. Time-frequency analysis is based on the extraction of instantaneous frequency from the phase of the continuous wavelet transform. This method is comparatively fast and reliable. This method can differentiate periodic from quasi-periodic, chaotic sticky from chaotic non-sticky, ordered from chaotic and also, it can accurately determine the time interval of the resonance trapping and transitions too. Apart from that, the phenomenon of transient chaos can be explained with the help of time-frequency analysis. Comparison with the method of total angular momentum (denoted as Ltot) proposed recently is also presented.
文摘The extraction of chromium(III) from a model waste solution and also from a waste solution of an Indian tannery with Amberlite IR 120 resin is described, and the performance of this resin is compared with other similar resins. The parameters that were optimized include effect of mixing time, pH, loading and elution behaviours of chromium(III) for this resin. Sorption of chromium(III) on Amberlite IR 120 followed Freundlich isotherm and Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum sorption capacity was determined to be 142.86 mg Cr(III)/g of the resin. Higher Freundlich constant (Kf) values (6.30 and 13.46 for aqueous feed of 500 and 1000 ppm Cr(III)) indicated strong chemical interaction through ion exchange mechanism of the metal ion with the resin. The kinetic data showed good fit to the Lagergren first order model for extraction of chromium(III). Desorption of chromium(III) from the loaded resin increased with the increase in concentration of eluent (5-20% H2SO4). With 20% (v/v) sulphuric acid solution 94% chromium(III) was eluted in three stages. Elution of the Cr(III) in the column experiments was however, found to be lower (82%) than that of the shake flask data. In case of Indian tannery’s waste solution, it was observed that almost total chromium was extracted in four stages with Amberlite IR 120.
文摘Several recent works indicated the association of climatic factors and air pollution with the spread of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19, total daily confirmed deaths and new cases). Nonetheless, the impact of climatic and environmental conditions concerning virus spread and demise, yet not been solved. Present research work focuses on the spread of COVID-19 over five distinct states/territories of India;those have pretty different climatic conditions and the air quality index. The Kendall rank correlation and Spearman rank correlation tests at 95% significance were used from 3 Jan-15 May 15, 2021 (132 days), including April 2021, a month of sharp rise COVID-19 second wave. For all the regions, a significant positive correlation of temperature (>0.6) and a significant negative correlation of humidity (<-0.5) is found with COVID-19 except for Kerala (insignificant and weak relationship). However, in the case of wind speed, a lower correlation is found everywhere except over Andhra Pradesh (>0.5). For all the states, a significant and consistent inverse relationship (<-0.3) is found between COVID-19 and the daily Air Quality Index (AQI) from 1 Mar to 13 May 2021 (74 days). Thus, increase in temperature and winds, decrease in relative humidity were the climatic reasons, those chipped in COVID-19 cases surge and consequential enhancement of Air quality. These results are quite promising to comprehend the mutual tie-up between climate and COVID-19.
文摘Transmission of electromagnetic waves through a Si-based one dimensional photonic crystal has been investigated. The proposed structure works as an omni-directional reflector for a certain range of wavelength for an angle of incidence up to 55?. The structure works as a narrow band TM-polarization filter for an angle of incidence more than 55?, i.e. a filter which completely blocks TE-polarized waves but allows certain wavelengths of TM-polarized waves. But at an angle of incidence of 89?, the structure works as a multiple narrow band TM-polarization filter even though no defect layer is introduced inside the structure. It is also found that this multiple narrow pass-bands of TM-polarized waves can be tuned to a desired range of wavelength by changing the temperature of the structure.
基金Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO),Govt.of India for financial support under DIA -KCOE (Kalam Centre of Excellence) reference no.KCST-SS02/2020。
文摘Highly pure red phosphors LiM(PO_(3))_(3):Eu^(3+)(M=Sr,Ca) doped with Eu^(3+)(1 mol%) were synthesized via solution combustion method and their crystal structure and luminescence dynamics were studied to explore its suitability in white light emitting diodes.The Rietveld refinement analysis of the powder Xray diffraction patterns reveals that the phosphors belong to the pure triclinic phase of LiSr(PO_(3))_(3) and LiCa(PO_(3)) with space group P-1(2).The scanning electron microscopy images showed the agglomerated morphology.The photoluminescence emission spectra under 393 nm show an orange band at 594 nm and a red band at 613 nm ascribed to ^(5)D_(0)→^(7)F_(1).^(5)D_(0)→^(7)F_(2) transitions of Eu^(3+)ion in both the phosphors.Moreover,the spectroscopic properties such as luminescence behaviour,and Stark splitting were used to examine the symmetry of Eu^(3+)ions in LiM(PO_(3))_(3):Es^(3+)(M=Sr,Ca) phosphors in terms of distortion induced upon doping.The Stark splitting shows that the actual site symmetry for Eu^(3+)ion was estimated to be D_(2) type for both phosphors.The photometric properties of LiCa(PO_(3))_(3):Eu^(3+)such as Commission International de l'Eclairage coordinates(x=0.64,y=0.36) near to the standard one(red),high color purity(95%) and higher brightness reveal that the phosphor has the capability of acting as a red component in n-UV white light emitting diodes.
基金Project supported by the Department of Science and Technology(DST),Govt.of India(EMR/2016/007766,ECR/2016/000335)The author,Dr.Nisha Deopa thanks the Hon'ble Vice-Chancellorof Chaudhary Ranbir Singh University.Jind.Haryana Prof.R.B.Solanki for his encouragement.The authors,Prof.A.S.Rao(EMR/2016/007766)Dr.K.Swapna(ECR/2016/000335)are thankful toDepartment of Science and Technology(DST).Govt.of India,NewDeihi for the award of major projects to them.
文摘A series of Er^(3+)ions doped lithium lead alumino borate(LiPbAlB)glasses were synthesized via melt quench method and their structural,physical and optical properties were studied.Judd-Ofelt theory in correlation with the emission and absorption profiles was performed for the measurement of various radiative parameters for different transitions of Er^(3+)doped glasses.The as-prepared glasses show deep green(550 nm)as well as NIR(1532 nm)emission at 380 and 980 nm excitation wavelengths,respectively.The intensity of emission spectra increases with Er^(3+)ions concentration up to 1.5 mol%and beyond quenching is observed.The Dexter theory applied to the emission profiles reveals the interaction between Er^(3+)ions as dipole-dipole in nature.CIE color coordinates are found to fall in the green region of the visible spectrum.It is observed that 1.5 mol%of Er^(3+)ions concentration is optimum to exhibit the maximum quantum efficiency,branching ratios,gain bandwidth,emission cross-section,gain crosssection and aptly suitable for visible and NIR photonic applications.
文摘The genetic code,once believed to be universal and immutable,is now known to contain many variations and is not quite universal.The basis for genome recoding strategy is genetic code variation that can be harnessed to improve cellular properties.Thus,genome recoding is a promising strategy for the enhancement of genome flexibility,allowing for novel functions that are not commonly documented in the organism in its natural environment.Here,the basic concept of genetic code and associated mechanisms for the generation of genetic codon variants,including biased codon usage,codon reassignment,and ambiguous decoding,are extensively discussed.Knowledge of the concept of natural genetic code expansion is also detailed.The generation of recoded organisms and associated mechanisms with basic targeting components,including aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase–tRNA pairs,elongation factor EF-Tu and ribosomes,are highlighted for a comprehensive understanding of this concept.The research associated with the generation of diverse recoded organisms is also discussed.The success of genome recoding in diverse multicellular organisms offers a platform for expanding protein chemistry at the biochemical level with non-canonical amino acids,genetically isolating the synthetic organisms from the natural ones,and fighting viruses,including SARS-CoV2,through the creation of attenuated viruses.In conclusion,genome recoding can offer diverse applications for improving cellular properties in the genome-recoded organisms.
