It is not clear how HPV infection is prevalent among Uygur women in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China and whether the distribution of HPV infection is related with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) inciden...It is not clear how HPV infection is prevalent among Uygur women in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China and whether the distribution of HPV infection is related with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) incidence among them.A study including 883 Uygur women were conducted from 2006 to 2007 in Hetian Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China.Exfoliated cells were collected from the cervix for HPV DNA testing.Cervical samples were展开更多
Objective To survey the prevalence and risk factors of HSV-2 among Chinese and Vietnamese female sex workers (FSW) in the border county of Hekou, Yunnan Province, China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted ...Objective To survey the prevalence and risk factors of HSV-2 among Chinese and Vietnamese female sex workers (FSW) in the border county of Hekou, Yunnan Province, China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on demographics, sexual behavior, medical history, and drug use among FSWs. Laboratory samples were obtained to test for HSV-2 and other STIs such as HIV, Syphilis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Bacterial vaginosis, and Yeast infections. Cervicitis and genital warts were also diagnosed. Results Of the 345 FSWs who participated in this study, 112 (32.5%) were ethnic Chinese and 233 (67.5) were Vietnamese. Among FSWs in Hekou, the prevalence rates were 58.3% for HSV-2, 5.5% for HIV, and 4.1% for bacterial vaginosis (BV). Age <21 (OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.8), duration of commercial sex work ≤3 months (OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.8), oral and vaginal sex with the last client (as opposed to only vaginal sex) (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.0, 2.7), HIV (OR: 11.4; 95% CI: 1.5, 87.2), and bacterial vaginosis (BV) (OR: 5.6; 95% CI: 1.2, 26.9) were significantly correlated with HSV-2 infection. Conclusion Multivariate analysis showed that several factors were significantly correlated with the high prevalence of HSV-2 in FSWs in the border area between China and Vietnam. Further studies and interventions are needed for HSV-2 epidemiology in the border area.展开更多
Objective This study is to estimate the population size and prevalence of HIV and herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2) infections among female sex workers(FSWs) in Kaiyuan,Yunnan Province,China.Methods Eight cross-secti...Objective This study is to estimate the population size and prevalence of HIV and herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2) infections among female sex workers(FSWs) in Kaiyuan,Yunnan Province,China.Methods Eight cross-sectional studies were conducted among FSWs in Kaiyuan from 2006 to 2009.Based on the data from two study time points each year,the total numbers of FSWs and HIV positive FSWs were estimated by using the capture-recapture technique(CR).Results Estimated sizes of FSWs in Kaiyuan were 1 629,1 672,1 186,and 1 014 in the respective years from 2006 to 2009.Although the crude prevalence rates of HIV and HSV-2 varied over time,the adjusted prevalence among this population was relatively stable at 10%-12% and the adjusted HSV-2 prevalence ranged from 67% to72%.Conclusion The reason for the slight decrease of the size of the FSW population is unknown.The adjusted prevalence rates of HIV and HSV-2 among them were stable over the course of this study.展开更多
Objective To investigate the attitude and sexual behavior status and change among HIV positive female workers in entertainment sites in Kaiyuan city, Yunnan province, China. The key information should be applied in th...Objective To investigate the attitude and sexual behavior status and change among HIV positive female workers in entertainment sites in Kaiyuan city, Yunnan province, China. The key information should be applied in the integrated intervention program in future. Methods A cohort survey among HIV positive female workers was conducted during 12 months, between 2010 and 2012. All the risk sexual behavior and attitude were collected for assessment for the potential secondary transmission to sexual partners. Results Of 99 HIV positive women who sell sex in Kaiyuan city, 99 participated in the survey at baseline, 80, 80, 75, and 75 at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-ups. The percentage of participants who reported consistently used condoms in the last one month ranged between 94.5% and 95.5%. The client volume in the last one month, income per sex and age group were significant related with non-insistent condom use with their clients. Conclusion It was suggested that integrated intervention program package should include 100 percent condom use promotion for the HIV positive FSW with all sexual partners, and also, include socially support involved.展开更多
The integration and accommodation of the wind and solar energy pose great challenges on today’s power system operation due to the intermittent nature and volatility of the wind and solar resources.High efficient larg...The integration and accommodation of the wind and solar energy pose great challenges on today’s power system operation due to the intermittent nature and volatility of the wind and solar resources.High efficient large-scale electrical energy storage is one of the most effective and economical solutions to those problems.After the comprehensive review of the existing storage technologies,this paper proposes an overall design scheme for the Non-supplementary Fired Compressed Air Energy Storage(NFCAES)system,including system design,modeling and efficiency assessment,as well as protection and control.Especially,the design principles of the multistage regenerative,i.e.heat recovery system which is used to fully recycle and utilize the waste heat from compression are provided,so as the overall system efficiency evaluation method.This paper theoretically ascertains the storage decoupling rules in the potential and internal energy of molecular compressed air and reveals the conversion mechanism of gas,heat,power,electricity and other forms of energy.On this basis,a 500-k W physical simulation system of CAES system(TICC-500,Tsinghua-IPCCAS-CEPRI-CAES)is built,which passed a system-wide 420-k W load power generation test with less pollution and zero carbon emissions.Besides,the multi-form energy conversion of multi-stage regenerative CAES and storage efficiency is verified,especially its incomparable superiority in solving the uncertainty problem in wind and solar power generation.Finally,the propaganda and application scenario of the CAES system in China is introduced.展开更多
文摘It is not clear how HPV infection is prevalent among Uygur women in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China and whether the distribution of HPV infection is related with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) incidence among them.A study including 883 Uygur women were conducted from 2006 to 2007 in Hetian Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China.Exfoliated cells were collected from the cervix for HPV DNA testing.Cervical samples were
基金supported by the mega-projects of national science research for the 11th Five-Year Plan of China (2008ZX10001-003)the 12th Five-Year Plan of China (2012ZX10001001)the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health Office of the Director, Office of AIDS Research, National Cancer Institute, National Eye Institute,National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Health, Office of Women's Health Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and the International Clinical Research Fellows Program at Vanderbilt (R24 TW007988)
文摘Objective To survey the prevalence and risk factors of HSV-2 among Chinese and Vietnamese female sex workers (FSW) in the border county of Hekou, Yunnan Province, China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on demographics, sexual behavior, medical history, and drug use among FSWs. Laboratory samples were obtained to test for HSV-2 and other STIs such as HIV, Syphilis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Bacterial vaginosis, and Yeast infections. Cervicitis and genital warts were also diagnosed. Results Of the 345 FSWs who participated in this study, 112 (32.5%) were ethnic Chinese and 233 (67.5) were Vietnamese. Among FSWs in Hekou, the prevalence rates were 58.3% for HSV-2, 5.5% for HIV, and 4.1% for bacterial vaginosis (BV). Age <21 (OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.8), duration of commercial sex work ≤3 months (OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.8), oral and vaginal sex with the last client (as opposed to only vaginal sex) (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.0, 2.7), HIV (OR: 11.4; 95% CI: 1.5, 87.2), and bacterial vaginosis (BV) (OR: 5.6; 95% CI: 1.2, 26.9) were significantly correlated with HSV-2 infection. Conclusion Multivariate analysis showed that several factors were significantly correlated with the high prevalence of HSV-2 in FSWs in the border area between China and Vietnam. Further studies and interventions are needed for HSV-2 epidemiology in the border area.
基金supported by the mega-projects of national science research under the 11th Five-Year Plan of China(2008ZX10001-003)the 12th Five-Year Plan of China(2012ZX10001001)the Comprehensive International Program of Research on AIDS(CIPRA)grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,and U.S.National Institutes of Health(U19AI51915-05)
文摘Objective This study is to estimate the population size and prevalence of HIV and herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2) infections among female sex workers(FSWs) in Kaiyuan,Yunnan Province,China.Methods Eight cross-sectional studies were conducted among FSWs in Kaiyuan from 2006 to 2009.Based on the data from two study time points each year,the total numbers of FSWs and HIV positive FSWs were estimated by using the capture-recapture technique(CR).Results Estimated sizes of FSWs in Kaiyuan were 1 629,1 672,1 186,and 1 014 in the respective years from 2006 to 2009.Although the crude prevalence rates of HIV and HSV-2 varied over time,the adjusted prevalence among this population was relatively stable at 10%-12% and the adjusted HSV-2 prevalence ranged from 67% to72%.Conclusion The reason for the slight decrease of the size of the FSW population is unknown.The adjusted prevalence rates of HIV and HSV-2 among them were stable over the course of this study.
基金supported by the United States National Institute of Health/National Institute on Drug Abuse(US NIH/NIDA Grant No:5R01DA024864)the Mega-Projects of National Science Research for the ‘Eleventh Five-Year Plan’ of China(No:2008ZXl000l-003)
文摘Objective To investigate the attitude and sexual behavior status and change among HIV positive female workers in entertainment sites in Kaiyuan city, Yunnan province, China. The key information should be applied in the integrated intervention program in future. Methods A cohort survey among HIV positive female workers was conducted during 12 months, between 2010 and 2012. All the risk sexual behavior and attitude were collected for assessment for the potential secondary transmission to sexual partners. Results Of 99 HIV positive women who sell sex in Kaiyuan city, 99 participated in the survey at baseline, 80, 80, 75, and 75 at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-ups. The percentage of participants who reported consistently used condoms in the last one month ranged between 94.5% and 95.5%. The client volume in the last one month, income per sex and age group were significant related with non-insistent condom use with their clients. Conclusion It was suggested that integrated intervention program package should include 100 percent condom use promotion for the HIV positive FSW with all sexual partners, and also, include socially support involved.
基金Science and Technology Fund of SGCC(Grant No.KJ-2012-627)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51321005)
文摘The integration and accommodation of the wind and solar energy pose great challenges on today’s power system operation due to the intermittent nature and volatility of the wind and solar resources.High efficient large-scale electrical energy storage is one of the most effective and economical solutions to those problems.After the comprehensive review of the existing storage technologies,this paper proposes an overall design scheme for the Non-supplementary Fired Compressed Air Energy Storage(NFCAES)system,including system design,modeling and efficiency assessment,as well as protection and control.Especially,the design principles of the multistage regenerative,i.e.heat recovery system which is used to fully recycle and utilize the waste heat from compression are provided,so as the overall system efficiency evaluation method.This paper theoretically ascertains the storage decoupling rules in the potential and internal energy of molecular compressed air and reveals the conversion mechanism of gas,heat,power,electricity and other forms of energy.On this basis,a 500-k W physical simulation system of CAES system(TICC-500,Tsinghua-IPCCAS-CEPRI-CAES)is built,which passed a system-wide 420-k W load power generation test with less pollution and zero carbon emissions.Besides,the multi-form energy conversion of multi-stage regenerative CAES and storage efficiency is verified,especially its incomparable superiority in solving the uncertainty problem in wind and solar power generation.Finally,the propaganda and application scenario of the CAES system in China is introduced.
