The objective of this study was to determine the role of SLC15A4 in the muramyl dipeptide(MDP)-mediated inflammatory response of bovine rumen epithelial cells(BRECs).First,changes in the m RNA expression of proinflamm...The objective of this study was to determine the role of SLC15A4 in the muramyl dipeptide(MDP)-mediated inflammatory response of bovine rumen epithelial cells(BRECs).First,changes in the m RNA expression of proinflammatory factor genes in BRECs following 10μg m L^(–1)MDP treatments were examined.RT-q PCR results showed that the expression of pro-inflammatory factor(IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α)m RNAs were significantly increased under MDP stimulation(P<0.001).Moreover,SLC15A4-Knockout(SLC15A4-KO)cells were obtained through lentivirus packaging,transfection,screening,and cell monoclonal culture.In order to gain further insight into the potential function of SLC15A4,we utilized transcriptome data,which revealed a change in the genes between WT-BRECs and SLC15A4-KO.Five down-regulated pro-inflammatory genes and 13 down-regulated chemokine genes related to the inflammatory response were identified.Meanwhile,the down-regulated genes were mostly enriched in the nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathways.The results of RT-q PCR also verified these detected changes.To further determine the mechanism of how WT and SLC15A4-KO BRECs are involved in inflammatory responses,we investigated the inflammatory responses of cells exposed to MDP.WT-BRECs and SLC15A4-KO were treated with a culture medium containing 10μg m L^(–1)MDP,in comparison to a control without MDP.Our results show that SLC15A4-KO BRECs had reduced the expression of genes(IL-6,TNF-α,CXCL2,CXCL3,CXCL9,and CCL2)and proteins(p-p65 and p-p44/42)from the MDP-mediated inflammatory response compared to WT-BRECs(P<0.05).In this experiment,CRISPR-Cas9 was used to KO the di/tripeptide transporter SLC15A4,and its role was confirmed via the MDP-induced inflammatory response in BRECs.This work will provide a theoretical basis for studying the pro-inflammatory mechanism of MDP and its application in the prevention and treatment of subacute rumen acidosis in dairy cows.展开更多
自旋轨道转矩(spin-orbit torque,SOT)为超低功耗自旋电子器件提供新的实现方法,在反铁磁材料体系中面内交换偏置场可辅助SOT磁化翻转,同时利用电压调控磁各向异性(voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy,VCMA)能有效降低翻转势垒,从...自旋轨道转矩(spin-orbit torque,SOT)为超低功耗自旋电子器件提供新的实现方法,在反铁磁材料体系中面内交换偏置场可辅助SOT磁化翻转,同时利用电压调控磁各向异性(voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy,VCMA)能有效降低翻转势垒,从而实现无外场辅助的磁隧道结.本文通过求解修正LandauLifshitz-Gilbert(LLG)方程,建立反铁磁/铁磁/氧化物构成的无外场辅助自旋轨道矩的磁隧道结模型,并对其磁化动力学过程进行分析.以IrMn/CoFeB/MgO材料体系为例,揭示了影响磁化翻转的因素,包括交换偏置(exchange bias,EB)效应对临界翻转电流ISOT的影响,VCMA效应和SOT类场转矩的影响机制;分析了实际应用中磁隧道结制作工艺偏差的影响.结果表明:EB效应与VCMA效应共同作用能极大降低临界翻转电流ISOT,从而实现完全无场开关切换;SOT类场转矩对磁化翻转起主导作用,且一定条件下可实现器件在ps量级的无场翻转;以及当氧化层厚度偏差γtf?10%或自由层厚度偏差γtox?13%时MTJ能实现有效切换.基于反铁磁的无场辅助自旋轨道矩器件将为新一代超低功耗、超高速度和超高集成度器件和电路提供极具前景的解决方案.展开更多
Early flowering promotes early maturity, production, and the capacity to counteract biotic and abiotic stresses, making it an important agronomic trait in zucchini. The present study demonstrated that the zucchini inb...Early flowering promotes early maturity, production, and the capacity to counteract biotic and abiotic stresses, making it an important agronomic trait in zucchini. The present study demonstrated that the zucchini inbred line ‘19’ consistently flowered early, taking significantly fewer days to bloom the first female flower(DFF) than the inbred line ‘113’. Genetic analysis revealed that DFF, an inheritable quantitative trait, is controlled by multiple genes. Based on the strategy of quantitative trait locus(QTL) sequencing(QTL-seq) combined with linkage analysis, three QTLs for DFF were identified on chromosomes 4, 11, and 20. This study used additional F2 populations grown under different environmental conditions for QTL mapping analysis of DFF with insertion/deletion(InDel) markers to validate these results. Using the composite interval mapping(CIM) method of R/qtl software, we only identified one major locus under all environmental conditions, located in a 117-kb candidate region on chromosome 20. Based on gene annotation, gene sequence alignment, and qRT-PCR analysis, we found that the Cp4.1LG20g08050 gene encoding a RING finger protein may be a candidate gene for the opposite regulation of early flowering in zucchini. In summary, these results lay a foundation for a better understanding of early flowering and improving early flowering-based breeding strategies in zucchini.展开更多
为了解国内外慢性病经济毒性研究领域现状与热点,检索Web of Science数据库和中国知网近10年相关文献,运用CiteSpace进行可视化分析。发现美国发文量居于首位,我国排名第2;国外机构合作较紧密,国内多为独立状态;该领域作者合作较少,仅...为了解国内外慢性病经济毒性研究领域现状与热点,检索Web of Science数据库和中国知网近10年相关文献,运用CiteSpace进行可视化分析。发现美国发文量居于首位,我国排名第2;国外机构合作较紧密,国内多为独立状态;该领域作者合作较少,仅核心作者存在合作;国内聚焦老年人、农村、乙型肝炎、医疗费用等;国外聚焦成年人、照护者、慢性肾病、生活质量、心理健康等。与国外相比,我国慢性病经济毒性研究起步晚,可借鉴国外经验,建立适合我国国情的照护者体系,聚焦个人或家庭系统,剖析慢性病及其治疗带来的财务冲击,减少经济毒性对慢性病患者的影响。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972589)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-36)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(KYCX21-3283)。
文摘The objective of this study was to determine the role of SLC15A4 in the muramyl dipeptide(MDP)-mediated inflammatory response of bovine rumen epithelial cells(BRECs).First,changes in the m RNA expression of proinflammatory factor genes in BRECs following 10μg m L^(–1)MDP treatments were examined.RT-q PCR results showed that the expression of pro-inflammatory factor(IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α)m RNAs were significantly increased under MDP stimulation(P<0.001).Moreover,SLC15A4-Knockout(SLC15A4-KO)cells were obtained through lentivirus packaging,transfection,screening,and cell monoclonal culture.In order to gain further insight into the potential function of SLC15A4,we utilized transcriptome data,which revealed a change in the genes between WT-BRECs and SLC15A4-KO.Five down-regulated pro-inflammatory genes and 13 down-regulated chemokine genes related to the inflammatory response were identified.Meanwhile,the down-regulated genes were mostly enriched in the nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathways.The results of RT-q PCR also verified these detected changes.To further determine the mechanism of how WT and SLC15A4-KO BRECs are involved in inflammatory responses,we investigated the inflammatory responses of cells exposed to MDP.WT-BRECs and SLC15A4-KO were treated with a culture medium containing 10μg m L^(–1)MDP,in comparison to a control without MDP.Our results show that SLC15A4-KO BRECs had reduced the expression of genes(IL-6,TNF-α,CXCL2,CXCL3,CXCL9,and CCL2)and proteins(p-p65 and p-p44/42)from the MDP-mediated inflammatory response compared to WT-BRECs(P<0.05).In this experiment,CRISPR-Cas9 was used to KO the di/tripeptide transporter SLC15A4,and its role was confirmed via the MDP-induced inflammatory response in BRECs.This work will provide a theoretical basis for studying the pro-inflammatory mechanism of MDP and its application in the prevention and treatment of subacute rumen acidosis in dairy cows.
文摘自旋轨道转矩(spin-orbit torque,SOT)为超低功耗自旋电子器件提供新的实现方法,在反铁磁材料体系中面内交换偏置场可辅助SOT磁化翻转,同时利用电压调控磁各向异性(voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy,VCMA)能有效降低翻转势垒,从而实现无外场辅助的磁隧道结.本文通过求解修正LandauLifshitz-Gilbert(LLG)方程,建立反铁磁/铁磁/氧化物构成的无外场辅助自旋轨道矩的磁隧道结模型,并对其磁化动力学过程进行分析.以IrMn/CoFeB/MgO材料体系为例,揭示了影响磁化翻转的因素,包括交换偏置(exchange bias,EB)效应对临界翻转电流ISOT的影响,VCMA效应和SOT类场转矩的影响机制;分析了实际应用中磁隧道结制作工艺偏差的影响.结果表明:EB效应与VCMA效应共同作用能极大降低临界翻转电流ISOT,从而实现完全无场开关切换;SOT类场转矩对磁化翻转起主导作用,且一定条件下可实现器件在ps量级的无场翻转;以及当氧化层厚度偏差γtf?10%或自由层厚度偏差γtox?13%时MTJ能实现有效切换.基于反铁磁的无场辅助自旋轨道矩器件将为新一代超低功耗、超高速度和超高集成度器件和电路提供极具前景的解决方案.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072590 and 32002051)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019M661244)the Academic Backbone Foundation of Northeast Agricultural University, China (20XG03)。
文摘Early flowering promotes early maturity, production, and the capacity to counteract biotic and abiotic stresses, making it an important agronomic trait in zucchini. The present study demonstrated that the zucchini inbred line ‘19’ consistently flowered early, taking significantly fewer days to bloom the first female flower(DFF) than the inbred line ‘113’. Genetic analysis revealed that DFF, an inheritable quantitative trait, is controlled by multiple genes. Based on the strategy of quantitative trait locus(QTL) sequencing(QTL-seq) combined with linkage analysis, three QTLs for DFF were identified on chromosomes 4, 11, and 20. This study used additional F2 populations grown under different environmental conditions for QTL mapping analysis of DFF with insertion/deletion(InDel) markers to validate these results. Using the composite interval mapping(CIM) method of R/qtl software, we only identified one major locus under all environmental conditions, located in a 117-kb candidate region on chromosome 20. Based on gene annotation, gene sequence alignment, and qRT-PCR analysis, we found that the Cp4.1LG20g08050 gene encoding a RING finger protein may be a candidate gene for the opposite regulation of early flowering in zucchini. In summary, these results lay a foundation for a better understanding of early flowering and improving early flowering-based breeding strategies in zucchini.
文摘为了解国内外慢性病经济毒性研究领域现状与热点,检索Web of Science数据库和中国知网近10年相关文献,运用CiteSpace进行可视化分析。发现美国发文量居于首位,我国排名第2;国外机构合作较紧密,国内多为独立状态;该领域作者合作较少,仅核心作者存在合作;国内聚焦老年人、农村、乙型肝炎、医疗费用等;国外聚焦成年人、照护者、慢性肾病、生活质量、心理健康等。与国外相比,我国慢性病经济毒性研究起步晚,可借鉴国外经验,建立适合我国国情的照护者体系,聚焦个人或家庭系统,剖析慢性病及其治疗带来的财务冲击,减少经济毒性对慢性病患者的影响。
