This study focuses on the development stages of ageing and its regional differences in China based on examination of official statistics and documents. The development of ageing in China has experienced three major st...This study focuses on the development stages of ageing and its regional differences in China based on examination of official statistics and documents. The development of ageing in China has experienced three major stages. Firstly, in the 1950s, low coefficient of elderly population (over 65 years) paced up to primary adult type. Secondly, there was a deeply drop of the elderly population because of natural disaster and political factors in the 1960s. Thirdly, from the 1970s to the end of 20th century, the constant increasing of elderly coefficient made China close to elderly society. With statistic data of population, Logistic model is used to simulate the future development of ageing, and two characteristics of development of ageing are presented. Firstly, as for ageing from 2005 to 2050, the elderly coefficient will grow up significantly from 8.48% to 16.30%. Secondly, after 2025, the increasing rate of elderly coefficient will slow down gradually. The regional differences of elderly population in China can be summarized as follows: 1) the eastern China possesses higher elderly coefficient and huger elder population than the western China; 2) about 47.4% of municipalities and provinces in the eastern China become elderly especially Shanghai, Zhejiang Province, Jiangsu Province, Beijing, Tianjin and Shandong Province; 3) ageing intensity is higher in rural area than urban area but getting close each other, and there are more elderly people in rural area than in urban area. Therefore, these will arose aged care problems, and it becomes important issue to establish the social security system in rural areas as soon as possible for elderly people.展开更多
Some 1313 hair samples from about 200 sample sites are collected. These sites cover 103 counties with different types of natural conditions and are far from cities (towns) or polluted areas.The hair As contents are an...Some 1313 hair samples from about 200 sample sites are collected. These sites cover 103 counties with different types of natural conditions and are far from cities (towns) or polluted areas.The hair As contents are analysed by hydro-atomic fluorescence spetrophotometry and the data are calculated by SPSS. The results show that Chinese hair As contents are between 0.004 and 9.999 μu/g.The median is 0.56μg/g. The arithmetic mean is (0.927±1.213) μg/g and the geometric mean is 0.571 μg/g. There are no significant differences between sexes and ages. The results of Pelson X2 and Shapio-Wilk W tests show that the As content in the same physical geographical area has a logarithm normal distribution. Hair As contents in southern China are significantly higher than that in the northern.The geometric means are 0.2~0.4 μg/g in medium-temperate zone and 0.4~0.6 μg/g in warm-temperate zone. In north-subtropical zone the hair As geometric mean increase up to 0.767 μg/g and in medium-subtropical zone, south-subtropical zone and tropical zone, it is higher than 1.00 μg/g. There is no difference between areas in the same physical geographical zone. Hair As content in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area is also lower (the geometric mean is 0.267 μg/g). The standard level of hair As content for determining chronic Arsenism areas in China is also discussed.展开更多
文摘This study focuses on the development stages of ageing and its regional differences in China based on examination of official statistics and documents. The development of ageing in China has experienced three major stages. Firstly, in the 1950s, low coefficient of elderly population (over 65 years) paced up to primary adult type. Secondly, there was a deeply drop of the elderly population because of natural disaster and political factors in the 1960s. Thirdly, from the 1970s to the end of 20th century, the constant increasing of elderly coefficient made China close to elderly society. With statistic data of population, Logistic model is used to simulate the future development of ageing, and two characteristics of development of ageing are presented. Firstly, as for ageing from 2005 to 2050, the elderly coefficient will grow up significantly from 8.48% to 16.30%. Secondly, after 2025, the increasing rate of elderly coefficient will slow down gradually. The regional differences of elderly population in China can be summarized as follows: 1) the eastern China possesses higher elderly coefficient and huger elder population than the western China; 2) about 47.4% of municipalities and provinces in the eastern China become elderly especially Shanghai, Zhejiang Province, Jiangsu Province, Beijing, Tianjin and Shandong Province; 3) ageing intensity is higher in rural area than urban area but getting close each other, and there are more elderly people in rural area than in urban area. Therefore, these will arose aged care problems, and it becomes important issue to establish the social security system in rural areas as soon as possible for elderly people.
文摘Some 1313 hair samples from about 200 sample sites are collected. These sites cover 103 counties with different types of natural conditions and are far from cities (towns) or polluted areas.The hair As contents are analysed by hydro-atomic fluorescence spetrophotometry and the data are calculated by SPSS. The results show that Chinese hair As contents are between 0.004 and 9.999 μu/g.The median is 0.56μg/g. The arithmetic mean is (0.927±1.213) μg/g and the geometric mean is 0.571 μg/g. There are no significant differences between sexes and ages. The results of Pelson X2 and Shapio-Wilk W tests show that the As content in the same physical geographical area has a logarithm normal distribution. Hair As contents in southern China are significantly higher than that in the northern.The geometric means are 0.2~0.4 μg/g in medium-temperate zone and 0.4~0.6 μg/g in warm-temperate zone. In north-subtropical zone the hair As geometric mean increase up to 0.767 μg/g and in medium-subtropical zone, south-subtropical zone and tropical zone, it is higher than 1.00 μg/g. There is no difference between areas in the same physical geographical zone. Hair As content in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area is also lower (the geometric mean is 0.267 μg/g). The standard level of hair As content for determining chronic Arsenism areas in China is also discussed.
