We have carried out the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot(GPPS)survey by using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),the most sensitive systematic pulsar survey in the Galactic plane.In addition...We have carried out the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot(GPPS)survey by using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),the most sensitive systematic pulsar survey in the Galactic plane.In addition to more than 500 pulsars already discovered through normal periodical search,we report here the discovery of 76 new transient radio sources with sporadic strong pulses,detected by using the newly developed module for a sensitive single-pulse search.Their small DM values suggest that they all are Galactic rotating radio transients(RRATs).They show different properties in the follow-up observations.More radio pulses have been detected from 26 transient radio sources but no periods can be found due to a limited small number of pulses from all FAST observations.The followup observations show that 16 transient sources are newly identified as being the prototypes of RRATs with a period already determined from more detected sporadic pulses,and 10 sources are extremely nulling pulsars,and 24 sources are weak pulsars with sparse strong pulses.On the other hand,48 previously known RRATs have been detected by the FAST,either during verification observations for the GPPS survey or through targeted observations of applied normal FAST projects.Except for one RRAT with four pulses detected in a session of 5-minute observation and four RRATs with only one pulse detected in a session,sensitive FAST observations reveal that 43 RRATs are just generally weak pulsars with sporadic strong pulses or simply very nulling pulsars,so that the previously known RRATs always have an extreme emission state together with a normal hardly detectable weak emission state.This is echoed by the two normal pulsars J1938+2213 and J1946+1449 with occasional brightening pulses.Though strong pulses of RRATs are very outstanding in the energy distribution,their polarization angle variations follow the polarization angle curve of the averaged normal pulse profile,suggesting that the predominant sparse pulses of RRATs are emitted in the same region with the same geometry as normal weak pulsars.展开更多
Discovery of pulsars is one of the main goals for large radio telescopes.The Five-hundredmeter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),that incorporates an L-band 19-beam receiver with a system temperature of about 2...Discovery of pulsars is one of the main goals for large radio telescopes.The Five-hundredmeter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),that incorporates an L-band 19-beam receiver with a system temperature of about 20 K,is the most sensitive radio telescope utilized for discovering pulsars.We designed the snapshot observation mode for a FAST key science project,the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot(GPPS)survey,in which every four nearby pointings can observe a cover of a sky patch of 0.1575 square degrees through beam-switching of the L-band 19-beam receiver.The integration time for each pointing is 300 seconds so that the GPPS observations for a cover can be made in 21 minutes.The goal of the GPPS survey is to discover pulsars within the Galactic latitude of±10∘from the Galactic plane,and the highest priority is given to the inner Galaxy within±5∘.Up to now,the GPPS survey has discovered 201 pulsars,including currently the faintest pulsars which cannot be detected by other telescopes,pulsars with extremely high dispersion measures(DMs)which challenge the currently widely used models for the Galactic electron density distribution,pulsars coincident with supernova remnants,40 millisecond pulsars,16 binary pulsars,some nulling and mode-changing pulsars and rotating radio transients(RRATs).The follow-up observations for confirmation of new pulsars have polarization-signals recorded for polarization profiles of the pulsars.Re-detection of previously known pulsars in the survey data also leads to significant improvements in parameters for 64 pulsars.The GPPS survey discoveries are published and will be updated at http://zmtt.bao.ac.cn/GPPS/.展开更多
As the third paper in the multiple-part series,we report the statistical properties of radio bursts detected from the repeating fast radio burst(FRB)source FRB 20201124A with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical ...As the third paper in the multiple-part series,we report the statistical properties of radio bursts detected from the repeating fast radio burst(FRB)source FRB 20201124A with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope during an extremely active episode between the 25th and 28th of September 2021(UT).We focus on the polarization properties of536 bright bursts with S/N>50.We found that the Faraday rotation measures(RMs)monotonically dropped from-579to-605 rad m^(-2)in the 4 day window.The RM values were compatible with the values(-300 to-900 rad m^(-2))reported 4 months ago.However,the RM evolution rate in the current observation window was at least an order of magnitude smaller than the one(~500 rad m^(-2)day^(-1))previously reported during the rapid RM-variation phase,but is still higher than the one(≤1 rad m^(-2)day^(-1))during the later RM no-evolution phase.The bursts of FRB 20201124A were highly polarized with the total degree of polarization(circular plus linear)greater than 90%for more than 90%of all bursts.The distribution of linear polarization position angles(PAs),degree of linear polarization(L/I)and degree of circular polarization(V/I)can be characterized with unimodal distribution functions.During the observation window,the distributions became wider with time,i.e.,with larger scatter,but the centroids of the distribution functions remained nearly constant.For individual bursts,significant PA variations(confidence level 5σ)were observed in 33%of all bursts.The polarization of single pulses seems to follow certain complex trajectories on the Poincarésphere,which may shed light on the radiation mechanism at the source or the plasma properties along the path of FRB propagation.展开更多
基金This project,as one of five key projects,is being carried out by using FAST,a Chinese national mega-science facility built and operated by the National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciencessupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.11988101 and 11833009)+5 种基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant No.QYZDJ-SSWSLH021)supported by the Cultivation Project for the FAST scientific Payoff and Research Achievement of CAMS-CASsupported by NSFC No.12133004,partially supported by NSFC No.U1731120partially supported by the NSFC No.11873058,partially supported by NSFC No.U2031115partially supported by the National SKA program of China No.2020SKA0120200partially supported by the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project No.202102010466。
文摘We have carried out the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot(GPPS)survey by using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),the most sensitive systematic pulsar survey in the Galactic plane.In addition to more than 500 pulsars already discovered through normal periodical search,we report here the discovery of 76 new transient radio sources with sporadic strong pulses,detected by using the newly developed module for a sensitive single-pulse search.Their small DM values suggest that they all are Galactic rotating radio transients(RRATs).They show different properties in the follow-up observations.More radio pulses have been detected from 26 transient radio sources but no periods can be found due to a limited small number of pulses from all FAST observations.The followup observations show that 16 transient sources are newly identified as being the prototypes of RRATs with a period already determined from more detected sporadic pulses,and 10 sources are extremely nulling pulsars,and 24 sources are weak pulsars with sparse strong pulses.On the other hand,48 previously known RRATs have been detected by the FAST,either during verification observations for the GPPS survey or through targeted observations of applied normal FAST projects.Except for one RRAT with four pulses detected in a session of 5-minute observation and four RRATs with only one pulse detected in a session,sensitive FAST observations reveal that 43 RRATs are just generally weak pulsars with sporadic strong pulses or simply very nulling pulsars,so that the previously known RRATs always have an extreme emission state together with a normal hardly detectable weak emission state.This is echoed by the two normal pulsars J1938+2213 and J1946+1449 with occasional brightening pulses.Though strong pulses of RRATs are very outstanding in the energy distribution,their polarization angle variations follow the polarization angle curve of the averaged normal pulse profile,suggesting that the predominant sparse pulses of RRATs are emitted in the same region with the same geometry as normal weak pulsars.
基金This project,as one of five key projects,is being carried out by using FAST,a Chinese national mega-science facility built and operated by the National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences.J.L.Han is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.11988101 and 11833009)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDJ-SSW-SLH021)+4 种基金C.Wang is partially supported by NSFC No.U1731120X.Y.Gao is partially supported by NSFC No.U1831103P.F.Wang is partially supported by the NSFC No.11873058 and the National SKA program of China No.2020SKA0120200.Jun Xu is partially supported by NSFC No.U2031115H.G.Wang is partially supported by the National SKA program of China(No.2020SKA0120100)R.Yuen is partly supported by Xiaofeng Yang's Xinjiang Tianchi Bairen project and CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program.L.G.Hou thanks the support from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS.
文摘Discovery of pulsars is one of the main goals for large radio telescopes.The Five-hundredmeter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),that incorporates an L-band 19-beam receiver with a system temperature of about 20 K,is the most sensitive radio telescope utilized for discovering pulsars.We designed the snapshot observation mode for a FAST key science project,the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot(GPPS)survey,in which every four nearby pointings can observe a cover of a sky patch of 0.1575 square degrees through beam-switching of the L-band 19-beam receiver.The integration time for each pointing is 300 seconds so that the GPPS observations for a cover can be made in 21 minutes.The goal of the GPPS survey is to discover pulsars within the Galactic latitude of±10∘from the Galactic plane,and the highest priority is given to the inner Galaxy within±5∘.Up to now,the GPPS survey has discovered 201 pulsars,including currently the faintest pulsars which cannot be detected by other telescopes,pulsars with extremely high dispersion measures(DMs)which challenge the currently widely used models for the Galactic electron density distribution,pulsars coincident with supernova remnants,40 millisecond pulsars,16 binary pulsars,some nulling and mode-changing pulsars and rotating radio transients(RRATs).The follow-up observations for confirmation of new pulsars have polarization-signals recorded for polarization profiles of the pulsars.Re-detection of previously known pulsars in the survey data also leads to significant improvements in parameters for 64 pulsars.The GPPS survey discoveries are published and will be updated at http://zmtt.bao.ac.cn/GPPS/.
基金supported by the National SKA Program of China(2020SKA0120100,2020SKA0120200)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0402602)+7 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant No.12041303)the CAS-MPG LEGACY project and funding from the Max-Planck Partner Groupsupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.11988101 and 11833009)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDJ-SSW-SLH021supported by the Cultivation Project for the FAST scientific Payoff and Research Achievement of CAMS-CASsupported by the Key Research Project of Zhejiang Lab no.2021PE0AC0supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12003028)the China Manned Spaced Project(CMS-CSST-2021-B11)。
文摘As the third paper in the multiple-part series,we report the statistical properties of radio bursts detected from the repeating fast radio burst(FRB)source FRB 20201124A with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope during an extremely active episode between the 25th and 28th of September 2021(UT).We focus on the polarization properties of536 bright bursts with S/N>50.We found that the Faraday rotation measures(RMs)monotonically dropped from-579to-605 rad m^(-2)in the 4 day window.The RM values were compatible with the values(-300 to-900 rad m^(-2))reported 4 months ago.However,the RM evolution rate in the current observation window was at least an order of magnitude smaller than the one(~500 rad m^(-2)day^(-1))previously reported during the rapid RM-variation phase,but is still higher than the one(≤1 rad m^(-2)day^(-1))during the later RM no-evolution phase.The bursts of FRB 20201124A were highly polarized with the total degree of polarization(circular plus linear)greater than 90%for more than 90%of all bursts.The distribution of linear polarization position angles(PAs),degree of linear polarization(L/I)and degree of circular polarization(V/I)can be characterized with unimodal distribution functions.During the observation window,the distributions became wider with time,i.e.,with larger scatter,but the centroids of the distribution functions remained nearly constant.For individual bursts,significant PA variations(confidence level 5σ)were observed in 33%of all bursts.The polarization of single pulses seems to follow certain complex trajectories on the Poincarésphere,which may shed light on the radiation mechanism at the source or the plasma properties along the path of FRB propagation.
