Detailed information on the size and genetic structure of wildlife populations is critical for developing effective conservation strategies, especially for those species that have suffered population decline and fragm...Detailed information on the size and genetic structure of wildlife populations is critical for developing effective conservation strategies, especially for those species that have suffered population decline and fragmentation due to anthropogenic activities. In the present study, we used a non-invasive approach combining fecal pellet sampling with mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA microsatellite marker analysis to monitor and compare the population structure of the Chinese goral (Naemorhedus griseus) in Beijing and northeast Inner Mongolia in China. Of the 307 fecal samples confirmed to be from N. griseus, 15 individuals (nine females and six males) were found in the Beijing population and 61 individuals (37 females and 24 males) were found in the Inner Mongolian population. Among these 76 individuals, we identified eight haplotypes and 13 nucleotide polymorphic sites from mtDNA and 45 alleles from 10 microsatellite loci. Spatially structured genetic variation and a significant level of genetic differentiation were observed between the two populations. In both populations, the sex ratios were skewed toward females, indicating high reproductive potential, which is crucial for population recovery and conservation of this patchily distributed vulnerable species. We suggest that managing the two populations as evolutionarily significant units with diverse genetic backgrounds could be an effective solution for present population recovery, with the possible relocation of individuals among different groups to help ensure future goral species prosperity.展开更多
BACKGROUND Malignant tumors of the ileocecal region often cause intestinal obstruction.Emergency surgery is the main treatment for patients presenting with an obstruction.However,this procedure is associated with a hi...BACKGROUND Malignant tumors of the ileocecal region often cause intestinal obstruction.Emergency surgery is the main treatment for patients presenting with an obstruction.However,this procedure is associated with a high mortality rate and frequent complications.The placement of colon stents is commonly performed for obstructions in the distal colon and is a less invasive and safer procedure.However,obstructions in the proximal colon are more challenging to treat by stent placement due to the increased distance from the anus.CASE SUMMARY This case report concerns an 88-year-old man with malignant intestinal obstruction in the ileocecal region.He was contraindicated for general anesthesia and surgical enterostomy.The placement of a self-expandable metallic stent seems an alternative to surgery,although stenting in this area is thought to be difficult and few studies have been reported so far.After three attempts at different interventional approaches,a stent was successfully placed in the obstructed segment under fluoroscopic guidance.After the procedure,the patient's abdominal distension and abdominal pain were significantly better than before.CONCLUSION For patients with proximal colonic obstruction,self-expandable metallic stent placement under fluoroscopic guidance could be considered as a feasible treatment to relieve abdominal distension and pain in patients with acute bowel obstruction.It has the characteristics of high safety and high patient tolerance.However,further study is still needed.展开更多
基金supported by the Beijing Municipal Committee of Science and Technology(Z121100000312107,Z181100005318004)
文摘Detailed information on the size and genetic structure of wildlife populations is critical for developing effective conservation strategies, especially for those species that have suffered population decline and fragmentation due to anthropogenic activities. In the present study, we used a non-invasive approach combining fecal pellet sampling with mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA microsatellite marker analysis to monitor and compare the population structure of the Chinese goral (Naemorhedus griseus) in Beijing and northeast Inner Mongolia in China. Of the 307 fecal samples confirmed to be from N. griseus, 15 individuals (nine females and six males) were found in the Beijing population and 61 individuals (37 females and 24 males) were found in the Inner Mongolian population. Among these 76 individuals, we identified eight haplotypes and 13 nucleotide polymorphic sites from mtDNA and 45 alleles from 10 microsatellite loci. Spatially structured genetic variation and a significant level of genetic differentiation were observed between the two populations. In both populations, the sex ratios were skewed toward females, indicating high reproductive potential, which is crucial for population recovery and conservation of this patchily distributed vulnerable species. We suggest that managing the two populations as evolutionarily significant units with diverse genetic backgrounds could be an effective solution for present population recovery, with the possible relocation of individuals among different groups to help ensure future goral species prosperity.
文摘BACKGROUND Malignant tumors of the ileocecal region often cause intestinal obstruction.Emergency surgery is the main treatment for patients presenting with an obstruction.However,this procedure is associated with a high mortality rate and frequent complications.The placement of colon stents is commonly performed for obstructions in the distal colon and is a less invasive and safer procedure.However,obstructions in the proximal colon are more challenging to treat by stent placement due to the increased distance from the anus.CASE SUMMARY This case report concerns an 88-year-old man with malignant intestinal obstruction in the ileocecal region.He was contraindicated for general anesthesia and surgical enterostomy.The placement of a self-expandable metallic stent seems an alternative to surgery,although stenting in this area is thought to be difficult and few studies have been reported so far.After three attempts at different interventional approaches,a stent was successfully placed in the obstructed segment under fluoroscopic guidance.After the procedure,the patient's abdominal distension and abdominal pain were significantly better than before.CONCLUSION For patients with proximal colonic obstruction,self-expandable metallic stent placement under fluoroscopic guidance could be considered as a feasible treatment to relieve abdominal distension and pain in patients with acute bowel obstruction.It has the characteristics of high safety and high patient tolerance.However,further study is still needed.
