BACKGROUND Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus(FT1DM)that occurs during pregnancy or the perinatal period is known as pregnancy-related FT1DM(PF),always without history of abnormal glucose metabolism.Here,we present fo...BACKGROUND Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus(FT1DM)that occurs during pregnancy or the perinatal period is known as pregnancy-related FT1DM(PF),always without history of abnormal glucose metabolism.Here,we present four patients who developed FT1DM during treatment but were first diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).CASE SUMMARY The clinical data of four patients with GDM combined with FT1DM admitted to our hospital between July 2018 and April 2021 were collected,and the patients and their infants were followed up.All patients were diagnosed with GDM during the second trimester and were treated.The blood glucose level elevated suddenly during the third trimester and then were diagnosed with FT1DM.Two patients had an insulin allergy,and two had symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection before onset.One patient developed ketoacidosis,and three developed ketosis.Two patients had cesarean section deliveries,and two had vaginal deliveries.The growth and development of the infants were normal.C-peptide levels were lower than those at onset,suggesting progressive impairment of islet function.The frequencies of the DRB109:01,DQB103:03,DQA103:02,DPA101:03,DPA102:02,DPB105:01,DRB401:03,G 01:01,and G 01:04 human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-G alleles were high in the present study.CONCLUSION In comparison with pregnancy-associated FT1DM(PF),patients with GDM combined with FT1DM had an older age of onset,higher body mass index,slower onset,fewer prodromal symptoms,and less acidosis.The pathogenesis may be due to various factors affecting the already fragileβ-cells of GDM patients with genetically susceptible class II HLA genotypes.We speculate that GDM combined with FT1DM during pregnancy,referred to as“double diabetes,”is a subtype of PF with its own unique characteristics that should be investigated further.展开更多
The contact angle,as a vital measured parameter of wettability of material surface,has long been in dispute whether it is affected by gravity.Herein,we measured the advancing and receding contact angles on extremely l...The contact angle,as a vital measured parameter of wettability of material surface,has long been in dispute whether it is affected by gravity.Herein,we measured the advancing and receding contact angles on extremely low contact angle hysteresis surfaces under different gravities(1-8G)and found that both of them decrease with the increase of the gravity.The underlying mechanism is revealed to be the contact angle hysteresis and the deformation of the liquid-vapor interface away from the solid surface caused by gradient distribution of the hydrostatic pressure.The real contact angle is not affected by gravity and cannot measured by an optical method.The measured apparent contact angles are angles of inclination of the liquid-vapor interface away from the solid surface.Furthermore,a new equation is proposed based on the balance of forces acting on the three-phase contact region,which quantitatively reveals the relation of the apparent contact angle with the interfacial tensions and gravity.This finding can provide new horizons for solving the debate on whether gravity affects the contact angle and may be useful for the accurate measurement of the contact angle and the development of a new contact angle measurement system.展开更多
In the article titled“The Possibility of Changing the Wettability of Material Surface by Adjusting Gravity”[1],there were errors in Figure 2 which occurred during production.These errors are listed below,and the cor...In the article titled“The Possibility of Changing the Wettability of Material Surface by Adjusting Gravity”[1],there were errors in Figure 2 which occurred during production.These errors are listed below,and the corrected version is shown as Figure 1.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82270864.
文摘BACKGROUND Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus(FT1DM)that occurs during pregnancy or the perinatal period is known as pregnancy-related FT1DM(PF),always without history of abnormal glucose metabolism.Here,we present four patients who developed FT1DM during treatment but were first diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).CASE SUMMARY The clinical data of four patients with GDM combined with FT1DM admitted to our hospital between July 2018 and April 2021 were collected,and the patients and their infants were followed up.All patients were diagnosed with GDM during the second trimester and were treated.The blood glucose level elevated suddenly during the third trimester and then were diagnosed with FT1DM.Two patients had an insulin allergy,and two had symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection before onset.One patient developed ketoacidosis,and three developed ketosis.Two patients had cesarean section deliveries,and two had vaginal deliveries.The growth and development of the infants were normal.C-peptide levels were lower than those at onset,suggesting progressive impairment of islet function.The frequencies of the DRB109:01,DQB103:03,DQA103:02,DPA101:03,DPA102:02,DPB105:01,DRB401:03,G 01:01,and G 01:04 human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-G alleles were high in the present study.CONCLUSION In comparison with pregnancy-associated FT1DM(PF),patients with GDM combined with FT1DM had an older age of onset,higher body mass index,slower onset,fewer prodromal symptoms,and less acidosis.The pathogenesis may be due to various factors affecting the already fragileβ-cells of GDM patients with genetically susceptible class II HLA genotypes.We speculate that GDM combined with FT1DM during pregnancy,referred to as“double diabetes,”is a subtype of PF with its own unique characteristics that should be investigated further.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1632126)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Introduction of Talent of Sichuan University of Science and Engineering(Grant No.2017RCL75).
文摘The contact angle,as a vital measured parameter of wettability of material surface,has long been in dispute whether it is affected by gravity.Herein,we measured the advancing and receding contact angles on extremely low contact angle hysteresis surfaces under different gravities(1-8G)and found that both of them decrease with the increase of the gravity.The underlying mechanism is revealed to be the contact angle hysteresis and the deformation of the liquid-vapor interface away from the solid surface caused by gradient distribution of the hydrostatic pressure.The real contact angle is not affected by gravity and cannot measured by an optical method.The measured apparent contact angles are angles of inclination of the liquid-vapor interface away from the solid surface.Furthermore,a new equation is proposed based on the balance of forces acting on the three-phase contact region,which quantitatively reveals the relation of the apparent contact angle with the interfacial tensions and gravity.This finding can provide new horizons for solving the debate on whether gravity affects the contact angle and may be useful for the accurate measurement of the contact angle and the development of a new contact angle measurement system.
文摘In the article titled“The Possibility of Changing the Wettability of Material Surface by Adjusting Gravity”[1],there were errors in Figure 2 which occurred during production.These errors are listed below,and the corrected version is shown as Figure 1.
